八年级下册英语Unit10导学案.docVIP

Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years. 第一课时 Section A (1a-2d)学习目标：知识目标：掌握本课单词和短语yard sale, sweet, soft toy, bear maker, scarf, board game, check out 能力目标：能听懂谈论人们拥有某物多长时间的话题，能熟练运用since, for 谈论自己的个人物品。情感目标：正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。【预习内容】： 一、英汉互译。 1. 多长时间_ _2. 三年了_ 3. 如何骑自行车_4. 进行庭院销售. _ 6. 不再_ 7. 有需要的人_ _8.75美分_9. 面包机_ _10. 玩具熊_11向某人告别 12.带来甜蜜的回忆 Language points：1. -How long have you had that bike there?-I have had it for three years辨析：how long, how soon, how often, how far1）How long 多久，多长（时间）。对时间段提问，如：for+时间段=since +一段时间+ago；since+过去的时间点/时间段+ago /过去时的句子。e.g. - have you worked in Beijing? -For five years.How long还有“多长”之意。对物体的长度提问。2）How soon 多久以后。对“in+时间段提问，常用于一般将来时”，其答语常用“in+时间段”。e.g. Mr. Li will be back in a week . - be back? 3）How often 多久一次，对频率提问，其答语为：once（twice/）+时间段，always，usually等。e.g. - do you exercise? - Once a day.4)How far 多远，对距离提问，其答语是表距离的内容。e.g. - is it from here to your school? - Its a tenminute bus ride.辨析：for 与sincefor其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态，表示动作或状态持续时间段长短。e.g. I ( have)in this city for five years. since 其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句（过去时），也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型：“It is +时间段+since+一般过去时的句子”。表示过去某个时间发生并持续到说话时的动作或状态。e.g. I came to China two years ago.=I China for .=Two years since I China.=Its since I China. 2. Jeffs family is having a yard sale. have a yard sale 举行庭院拍卖会。sale用作名词，意为“出售，销售”，on sale意为“出售，上市”；for sale意为“待售，供出售”，尤指从主人手里出售。e.g. Chickens are in the market. 小鸡在市场上出售。 Im sorry, its not . 抱歉，它不出售。3. Amy thinks its hard to sell her old things.艾米认为卖掉她的旧东西很难。Its +adj. (+for sb.) to do sth. 意为“（对某人来说）做某事时的”，it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式。e.g. learn English well. 学好英语对于我们来说是很重要的。4. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.艾米想保留她的旧东西，因为它们勾起她的甜蜜回忆。1）memory n.,意为“记忆；回忆”，复数形式为 ，动词为memorize，意为“记忆，背诵”。 lose ones memory 失去记忆 have a good/ bad memory 记忆力好/不好。e.g. She 她记忆力好。2）bring back 使回忆起来/使恢复/拿回来e.g.Your article happy memories for me .你的文章勾起了我美好的回忆。5.You can also give old things away to people in need.1) in need 需要 need（n）其前面不要冠词。e.g. A friend is a friend indeed.(谚语)患难见真情。2）be in (great )need of （急）需要e.g.The village is a doctor .（急需要）3)need 作实义动词讲，sb. needs sth./to do sth. sth. needs doing sth.=sth. needs to be donee.g.垃圾需要倒出去。Trash .4)need作情态动词讲，常用于否定句或疑问句中，-Must? -No, sb. ./dont have to.6. 1）notanymore再也（不）；（不）再。相当于no more .表示次数上的不再。常修饰非延续性动词。e.g.They .他们不再需要帮助了。The doctor told me play the computer games .医生叫我别再玩电脑游戏了。2）notany longer再也（不）；（不）再。相当于no longer . 表示时间上的不再，常修饰延续性动词.e.g. we are young.我们不再年轻了。He .他不再住在这儿。7. The stories inside may be a bit old, but theyre still interesting.a bit 意为“一点儿，稍微”，修饰形容词或副词，相当于 a little； a bit of +不可数名词，a little直接加不可数名词。 e.g. There is / water in the bottle. 瓶子里有点儿水。not a bit =not at all 意为“一点也不” not a little =very 意为“非常” e,g. She is happy. 她一点儿也不快乐。 He is tired.=He is very tired. 他非常累。8. And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.check用作及物动词，意为“检查，审查”，短语check out，意为“察看，观察”。e.g. If you finish it， it by yourself first.如果你完成了，就自己先检查一下。 all the books for children.察看一下所有的儿童书籍。check 还可用作名词，意为“支票。账单”重点句型：1）-How long have you had that bike over there?Ive had it for three years.2)You can also give old things away to people in need.3)Because I dont read it any more .4)because I have had it since I was a baby.学习步骤：1、 听写新单词，2、引入新课并操练。3、对照学案预习1a2d。4、听录音完成1b，2a，2b听力训练。直击中考，课堂练习1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai， has he ？A. already B.never C.ever D. still3、Have you met Mr Li _？A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far.Yes. I hope it will be even _.A. has changed ； well B. changed ； goodC. has changed ； better D. changed ； better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.A. was ； studying B. will ； studyC. has ； studied D. are ； studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice.A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States.Really ？ When _ there ？A. will they go B. did they g C. do they go D. have they gone10、_ you _ your homework yet？Yes . I _ it a moment ago.A. Did； do； finished B. Have； done； finishedC. Have； done； have finished D. will； do； finish课后反馈一用所给 词的适当形式填空：1I_ already_（see） the film. I_（see） itlast week.2. “_ he_（finish） his work today?” “Not yet.”3. My father_just_（come） back from wor k. He is tired now.4. “Wheres Li Ming?” “He_（go） to the teachers office.”5. Shanghai_（be） a small towm hundreds of years ago. Now it_（become） a large city.6 .I_（work） here here since I_（move）here in 1993.7. So far I_（make） quiet a few friends here.8. How long_ the Wangs_（ stay） here直击中考，翻译句子1.我买了这个自行车三年了。I the bike .2.她借这本书号几个月。She the book months.3.这些旧东西能勾起许多甜蜜的回忆。These old things can .4.我想把这些玩具送给需要的人。I want to these clothes the people.5.这些衣服太小了一颗不再适合我了。These clothes are too small .6.这个庭院拍卖会已经持续很长时间了。The yard sale for a long time.7.两小时前他察看了这些旧物品。He the old things two hours ago.8.自从我是一个孩子时，我就拥有这个玩具熊。I the bear I .第二课时 Section A (3a-3c)教学过程：一.【学习目标】: 1. 能够熟记并正确使用下列单词和短语：junior clear bedroom no longer railway part certain honest while truthful。 2. 学习在文章中运用现在完成时。3. 运用for和一段时间的现在完成时。4. We have decided to each sell five things we no longer use. For example. 5. 运用have+Vpp.二.预习导学：将下列短语译成英语。1. 长大_2. 中学_3. 变得更小了_ 4. 庭院销售_ 5. 儿童福利院_ 6.清理，丢掉 _ 7. 不再使用_ 8. 起初_ 9.和一起玩_10. 放弃，交出_ 11. 实话实说_12.对于，关于 13.与分开 14.truth(adj.) 15honest(o.p.) 三. 课堂反馈。1）完成3b。2）完成3c的表格Step 1 Language points1. We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms. clear v. 清理；清除 clear out 清理；丢掉 e.g. Ill that closet for you. 我要替你把那个小衣橱清理出来。2. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use. no longer 意为“不再；不复”，=not any longer。如：He lives here. (= He ) 他不再住这儿了。3. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.1) certain adj. 意为“某种；某事；某人”。e.g. He decided to sell his certain books. 他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。拓展 certain形容词，意为“确实的，无疑的” = sure。常用结构：be certain /sure to do sth. 肯定要做某事 be certain/sure of/about sth. 对某事确定、有把握 be certain/sure of doing sth. 有把握做某事 be certain/sure +从句 一定e.g. He felt quite certain of success. 他对成功很有把握。2) part with 与分开；放弃、交出，part v. 离开， 分开part（n.）play a part in 参与 take an active part in 积极参加e.g. Dont part with/give up your dream. 不要放弃你的梦想。4. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now.1) as for 至于，关于e.g. As for us, we are fortunate. 可对我们来说，我们是幸运的。2) to be honest意为“说实在的，说实话”，经常单独使用，作插入语，用逗号与句子隔开。等于to tell the truth “老实说，说实话”。e.g. , she is not an honest girl. 说实话，她不是一个诚实的女孩。honest 为形容词， 意为“诚实的；老实的”。反义词为dishonest “不诚实的”。e.g. An honest man does not tell lies. 诚实的人不会说谎。3) while n. 一段时间，一会儿while 还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”，while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。e.g. They chattered away happily . 他们高兴地闲扯了一会儿。 He kept in touch with us while he was on vacation. 他在度假期间仍与我们保持联系。5. own v. 拥有；有. adj. 自己的 ones own sth. 某人自己的东西。名词 owner 主人e.g. Most households now own at least one car. 大多数家庭现在至少有一辆汽车。6. truthful adj. （指人）诚实的；=honest （指物）真实的=true 名词 truth 诚实，真相 副词truly e.g. Jim is a boy. T he story is He was not always (他并非总是说真话。)当堂达标直击中考，单选：1. Tina told me that she would eat the junk food .A.any more B.any longer C.no longer D.not longer2.They many old things when they cleaned up the old house.A.cleaned out B.clean out C.clean up D.clean off3.All the students felt sad to their teachers.A.part with B.take part C.care for D.join in4.Dad! will we with the old toys any more . - Lets give them away to the Childrens House.A. What deal B. How do C. What do D. When do5.How time flies! Several years since we started our middle school life .A.have passed B.has passed C.will pass D.passed句型转换。1.I move to England last year . I England last year .2.We returned to Wuhan since yesterday . We to Wuhan since yesterday .3. three years he became a teacher. Three years he became a teacher .4. He owns the big house .The big house him.直击中考，翻译1. 说实在的，同自己的子女分离时不容易的。 , ones children.2. 至于我，我不在使用这些旧东西。 me, I use the old things.3. 我父亲已经决定戒烟。My fathers smoking.4. 你们将怎样处理你们拍卖所募集来的钱。 will you the money you the sale ?5. 妈妈已经从房间里清除了一些旧东西。Mums already some old things from the room .第三课时 Section A (Grammar focus 4c)学习目标 ：1.熟练现在完成时态及关键词2.学会如何运用延续性动词和非延续性动词。预习检测：1.变得太冷 2.最古老的建筑物之一 3.搬到美国 4.返回到他们的家乡 5.来日本3年 精讲点拨 ：现在完成时表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“for + 时间段”、“since + 过去时间点”、“since + 过去时的从句”、“since + 一段时间 + ago”以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用，且for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years.= My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago. Ivelivedheresince1990自从1990年以来我就住在这里。 Ihaventseenhimforthreeyears.我三年没有看见他了。Shesbeenatthisschoolsincefiveyearsago. 自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。歌诀：含有for，since的现在完成时的用法歌诀: 过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，for、since把时间带句中动词的特点此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）1. 这本书我买了5年了。 I have bought the book for five years. ( ) Ive had the book for five years. ( )2. 你哥哥参军多长时间了？ How long has your brother joined the army? ( ) How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? ( )非延续性动词和延续性动词之间的转换1. 转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。 borrow keep buy have put on wear catch a cold have a cold get to know know get to sleep sleep2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词” begin / start be on go out be out close be closed open be open get to/arrive/reach be (in) die be dead leave be away finish be over fall sleep be asleep join be in/be a member of become be make friends be friends come/go be + 相应的介词短语当堂练习：单选1.She this book for nearly three weeks.A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept2.How do you like the song Two Butterflies ? - Great ! I such a beautiful song before .A. dont hear B. never hear C. have never heard D. has never heard3.The life we were used to greatly since 1992.A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed4.- How long the film King Kong ? - For just several minutes.A. did begin B. has begun C. has been on D. is beginning5.Where are the twins ? - They are skating. They have skated .A. for three hours ago B. since three hours ago C. three hours ago D. since three hours 6. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou 1992 .A. since B. from C. after D. in 7.Its 3 years since he the army . A. has joined B. has been in C. join D. joined8.Our English teacher is very nice .We friends since three years ago .A. were B. became C. have been D. has made句型转换1. The old man died last year. The old man for a year .2. This factory opened twenty years ago. This factory for twenty years .3. Miss Gao left an hour ago.Miss Gao an hour ago .4. He joined the League in 2002.He a since .5. He came out two years ago .He for .第四课时 section B（1a2d）学习目标：知识目标：掌握本课单词和短语search among crayon shame regard. as count century according to opposite especially memory consider hold 能力目标：能从阅读中获得自己周围的事物变化的相关信息。情感目标：珍惜自己周围事物的变化，感恩社会，汇报社会，关爱他人。预习检测：1.century(复数) 2. memory (复数) 3.give（过去分词） 4.build（过去分词） 5.搜寻 6.按照 7.对-也是一样的 8.以某人的观点 9.为了 10.到目前为止 11.回到 12.你拥有它多长时间了？ 一创设情境，激情导入二自主学习、自我提高1.小组合作完成1a2.听录音完成1b1c。3.Workpairs 1d. 4.阅读2a回答13. 5.小组合作完成2b2d三合作探究、共同提高1. Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.Search用作不及物动词时，意为“搜索；搜查”。短语search for = look for 意为“搜寻，找寻”。e.g. He is searching for his sunglasses. 他正在找他的太阳镜。【拓展】作及物动词，意为“在搜查”或“搜查”。e.g. They searched the forest for the lost child.他们在森林里寻找那个走失的小孩。2. Among these is Zhang Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father 1）among 在三者或三者以上之间。e.g. Tom sits the students. 汤姆坐在学生之间。2）between 在两者之间 e.g. Tom sits Mary and Frank. 汤姆坐在玛丽和弗兰克之间。3)a 46-year-old husband and father意为“一位46岁的丈夫和父亲”，相当于a husband and father of 46years old.four-year-old 是一个复合形容词，特点“一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词用单数形式。e.g. Tom is a 10-year-old boy.= Tom is a boy of 10 years old. 汤姆是一个10岁的男孩。【拓展】另一种类似的复合形容词作定语的结构是：数词+连字符+名词，或数词+名词的所有格。e.g. a two-month holiday=a two months holiday 一个为期两个月的假期。Ten-minute walk/drive/ride=ten minutes walk/drive/ride 步行/开车/骑车10分钟的路程3Its a shame, but I just dont have the time,shame 不可数名词，意为“羞耻；羞愧；惭愧” 与a连用，表示“可耻的人或事；可惜（遗憾）的事”。e.g. He felt for what he had done. 他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。 Its a (that) you cant stay for dinner. 你不能留下来吃晚饭，真遗憾。【拓展】相关短语：to ones shame 令人感到羞愧的是 feel shame at 因而感到羞愧 in shame 羞愧的 have no shame无羞耻心4. Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed. regard 及物动词，意为“将认为；把视为”。常用短语regardas意为“将视为；把当做”，as 为介词，其后接名词或代词。e.g. I you as my best friend. 我把你当做我最好的朋友。 We him our brother. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。5. Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century.century可数名词，意为“世纪；百年”，其复数形式为 。e.g. The mid-20th century 意为“20世纪中期” eighteenth-century writer 18世纪的作家。A hundred years . 一百年是一个世纪。6. According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change.according to 意为“依照，按照”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或从句e.g. He divided them into three groups age. 他把他们按年龄分成三组。7. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree, especially during the summer holidays.especially 副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”，在句中作状语，用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。形容词为especial“特别的，特殊的”。e.g. Flowers are always welcomed, in winter. 鲜花总是受到欢迎，尤其是冬天。8. consider 动词，意为“考虑”，=think about，后跟名词，代词，动名词，宾语从句或“疑问词+不定式”。e.g. Please my suggestion. 请考虑我的建议。 I am my job.我正在考虑换份工作。 He s never how to solve the problem他从未考虑过如何解决那个问题。【拓展】在与动词连用时，只能用动名词形式的动词或短语有： consider “考虑” enjoy “喜爱” miss 错过 imagine 设想，想象 practice“练习” keep （on）“继续（一直）” mind “介意” finish“完成” spend time/money doing sth. have fun “高兴” feel like “想要” have trouble doing sth. look forward to “盼望” cant help “禁不住” cant stand give up “放弃”歌诀：喜欢错过别介意，完成愉快勤练习，禁不住考虑想放弃9. in my opinion in ones opinion=in the opinion of sb. 意为“依看”。e.g. In my opinion, its best to make some cards for our teachers. 依我看，最好给我们的老师做些卡片。 10. hold hold及物动词，意为“拥有；抓住”，过去式和过去分词均为helde.g. He a major share in the company. 他持有该公司的大部分股份。 He a book in her hand. 她手里正拿着一本书。【拓展】hold用作及物动词，还可意为“举行；主持”，相当于havee.g. They will hold a meeting to discuss this problem tomorrow.11.1) opposite (prep.)在-对面 Eg: There is a supermarket (在银行对面)。2）opposite (n.)对立面的人、物（adj.）对面的、另一边的Eg