Lesson Six Public Presentation (2).doc

基础口译第六课 Public Presentation (2)一、 记忆训练1 三个到位什么叫“三个到位”呢？第一个到位就是我们已经确定了我们在三年左右的时间里面要使大多数的国有大中型企业摆脱困境，进而建成现代企业制度。就是说，三年必须办好这件事。第二，我们去年召开了金融工作会议，已经确定要在三年的时间里面彻底地改革我们的金融系统，也就是说，中央银行强化监管，商业银行自主经营。这个目标也要在本世纪末实现。第三个到位是政府机构的改革。也就是说，中央政府今年已经在大会上通过了方案，已经把40个部委简化为29个部委，政府机关的人数准备分流一半。这个任务要在三年以内完成。相应的，各级地方政府也要在三年以内完成。（朱融基的讲话）2 How to make a good impression in a job interview?In order to make a good impression during a job interview, you need to prepare yourself. You must arrive in plenty of time for the interview, so that you can give yourself a little time to relax before the interview begins.The impression you make as you walk into the room is very important. Try to find out if the company or organization has rules about dress, then try to dress accordingly. You also need to plan what you are going to say. In some interviews you will have to do a lot of talking, and in others you will only have to answer a few questions about your education and experience. You need to have answers ready about yourself, your education, your strong points, your reasons for applying for the job, and the salary you expect. You will also be allowed to ask some questions of your own. The questions you ask will show the interviewer if you have given careful thought to the position. You should ask questions about what the job entails, about training and further education possibilities provided by the company, and so on.二、 技巧讲解译员的仪态口译表达除了需要合适的发声，也需要得体的仪态。仪态不仅包括译员的姿态、表情，还包括适度的眼神交流和得体的着装。具体来说，译员要注意以下几个方面:1. 站姿与坐姿姿势体现译员的精神面貌和职业水平，它包括译员的站姿和坐姿两方面。站姿是指译员站在台上翻译时应该保持身体直立，两脚分开与肩同宽，这样会显得人精神抖擞，不会东倒西歪、萎靡不振。坐姿是指译员就座时上身保持直立，身体坐在椅子的三分之二处，以便转动身体和作笔记。译员平时在课后练习或课堂示范时就要注意自己的站姿和坐姿，养成良好的习惯。姿态的另一个要求是译员与讲者保持合理的距离。如果是陪同翻译，要贴近讲者以便听清说话内容，如果是大会翻译，要看清麦克风的位置和讲台的布局，选择适当的翻译地点。此外，在翻译过程中，译员可以用眼神示意讲者，也可以微微侧身面向讲者，点头或用手势示意讲者自己的翻译已结束。这些得体的姿态都能体现译员的专业水平。2. 面部表情好的表情对译员来说就是从容自信，表现镇定。即使遇到讲者情绪比较激烈，译员也要注意控制自己的情绪，重点是传达讲话的内容而不是讲者的情绪，做到“喜怒不形于色”，维持自己中立的立场。另外，口译初学者在翻译过程中，常常会不自觉的有很多附加表情，如译不出来时挤眉弄眼、嘿嘿一笑、吐舌头等，这些都应在平时训练中去除。3. 眼神交流译员在翻译时切忌埋着头不看讲者和听众。口译时，译员与讲者的眼神交流有助于各段翻译之间的衔接，而与听众的眼神交流一方面能帮助听众理解原文，另一方面也表示对观众的尊重，同时可以及时掌握听众的反应。如果听众微笑点头，说明翻译进行得比较顺利；如果听众眉头紧皱、满脸疑惑，译员可以及时调整，看看是自己表达有误还是讲者本身没有说清。另外，眼神交流也要遵循自然、从容的原则，保证口译表达的顺利完成。2.1 技巧练习提示：请首先研读下面10个句子，想想看哪个地方应该停顿，该用什么手势，然后站在镜子前面或同伴前面，将这些句子演讲出来，注意演讲时的姿势表情和眼神交流。1) A tradition is not built easily or quickly. During one hundred years, Peking University has been fashioning its tradition. We hope to see you elaborate and consolidate your tradition. We hope to see you become a keystone of the intellectual community. In your next century, we hope to see you contribute to the international academic movement as a whole, as more and more of your members come to participate in the activities of your sister universities.2) On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.3) Its great to be here and have a chance to share some of my excitement with you. I got involved with computers at 18. And the computer was a very limited teletype that had to be connected through a phone line up to a mainframe-like computer, but my friends and I became fascinated with understanding what the computer can do, what was the future, and how would it be used. When we found out about chip technology, and the miracle of being able to improve the power of the chip exponentially, we realized that computers had a very bright future.三、 口译技巧讲解数字口译的基本技巧 （1）I基数的记录与口译1. 学习数字口译技巧的意义发言者为了阐述他们的观点，经常通过数字的列举、图表的展示进行比较、论证。这种演讲方式既直观、易懂、又很有说服力，它不但广泛地应用在有关经济建设、对外贸易的专题报告，而且政治、外交、教育、科技、医疗卫生、旅游、体育、环保等许许多多的热门话题都会涉及到数字，也就是说，口译工作离不开数字的翻译。然而，中、英文在数字表达上存在着较大的差异，很容易错译、漏译。而数字本身具有很强的客观性，要求译文有很高的准确度，错译、漏译造成的后果性质往往是相当严重的。基于以上原因，数字口译必须进行专项训练，才能摸清数字口译的难点与规律，熟练掌握数字口译的技巧，从而做好口译工作。2、中、英文数字口译的难点1） 数字分段上的差异对同一个阿拉伯数字，中、英文有不同分段方式.英文以“个、十、百”每三位数为一个段位，每一个段位由低到高依次用 ”thousand（千）”、”million（百万）”、”billion（十亿）”、”trillion（万亿）”等词表示；而中文一则是以“个、十、百、千”每四位数位一个段位，每一个段位由低到高依次用“万”、“亿”、“万亿”等词表示。如下表所示：个 百 十 个 百 十 个 百 十 个 百 十 个4,321,987,654,321 t b m th个 千 百 十 个 千 百 十 个 千 百 十 个4,3219,8765,4321 万亿 亿 万 以上的比较不难看出，汉语中的“万”、“亿”不能在英语中找到直接的对等词，因此，在口译中涉及到“万”或“亿”的数字时，都要进行转换，一不留神，就容易出错。2） 容易错译的数字在翻译数字时，以下几类数字比较容易出错：（1） 包括“万”、“十万”、“千万”、“亿”、“百亿”、“千亿”等数字。例如：阿拉伯数字英语读法汉语读法10,000Ten thousand 一万（十千）100,000One hundred thousand 十万（一百千）10,000,000Ten million一千万（十百万）100,000,000One hundred million一亿（一百百万）10,000,000,000Ten billion一百亿（十个十亿）100,000,000,000One hundred billion一千亿（一百个十亿）（2） 包括“零”的数字。例如：阿拉伯数字英语读法汉语读法60,818sixty thousand eight hundred and eighteen六万零八百一十八302,897Three hundred and two thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven三十万零两千八百九十七45,060,130Forty-five million sixty-thousand one hundred and thirty四千五百零六万零一百三十363,605,401Three hundred sixty-three million six hundred and five thousand four hundred and one三亿六千三百六十万零五千四百零一102,394,032,568One hundred and two billion three hundred, ninety-four million thirty-two thousand five hundred and sixty eight一千零二十三亿九千四百零三万两千五百六十八（3） 包括小数点又带汉语的“万”、“亿”的数目。例如：阿拉伯数字+万（亿）英语读法汉语读法1.23亿One hundred and twenty-three million一亿两千三百万0.36万three thousand six hundred三千六百阿拉伯数字的英、汉语读法虽然有一定的难度，但是，只要用功、用心地练习，必能熟能生巧，做到对数字的准确、流畅、快速的互译。3、数字的记录方法1） 基数当听到英文“one hundred twenty-three million, four hundred and fifty-six thousand” 或中文“一亿二千三百四十五万六千”数字时，我们可以采用以下几种常用的方法记录数字： (1) 123,456,000 （2）123 m456t （用英文字母“t”、“m”表示分段） （3）123,456, （用逗号“，”表示“000”） （4）123，456/ （用“/”表示“000”） （5）123，456 （用“-”表示“000”） （6）1.23456亿 （7）1亿2345万6千 （或用逗号表示123456000） （8）1亿2千3百45万6千以上的记录方法，哪一种最省时、省力、最有利于数字听记呢？相信你经过思考和实践后能作出最好的选择。2） 带有“0”的数字当数字中间出现0 则会给笔记造成不少困难，记录时要特别小心。例如：one hundred million and twenty thousand可以用以下方法记录：（1）100,020, （2）100,020 （3）100，020/（4）1亿零2万”4. Drills on Figures and Numbers 练习1)基数提示：你将听到一组数字，请把它们记录下来.练习2) Top ten most populous countriesThe country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 2000 census, its total population, including Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao was 1,294,200,000.India is the country with the second largest population. Its population was estimated in 2001 to have reached 1,002,100,000.Which country has the third largest population? Its the U.S.A. Its 2001 census showed it had a population of 275,600,000 in 2000.The fourth is Indonesia with an estimated population of 212,200,000 in 2000.The next largest country in population terms is Brazil. Its estimated population was 170,100,000 in 2000.Russia ranks sixth in population. There the population was 145,200,000 in 2001.The seventh largest country is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 129,276,000 in 1999.The eighth? Japan with a population of 126,904,000 in 2000. Then comes Bangladesh. Its population was 128,100,000 in 2000.And finally, the tenth largest is Nigeria in Africa, with an estimated population of 123,314,000 in 2000.四、 译前准备： 常用情景表达 提示： 朗读下列对话与句子，注意掌握常用的短语和表达。1 Working as an Interpreter at an Exhibition A: David, youve got to be our interpreter in the exhibition booth. Do you think you can manage?B: Ill try my best. Ive studied all the brochures, and I feel quite confident. Of course, people may ask questions that are not answered in the companys literature. A: Dont worry. You wont be left on your own. Either Mr. Humphrey or I will be on duty throughout the exhibition, and therell normally be a production engineer around to help with technical problems. B: What exactly do you want me to do?A: To help the staff on the stand with any language problems that may arise, but you may be called upon to handle some routine inquiries yourself if we get really busy.B: I hope Ill be able to cope. Ive only been with the company for a short time, you know.A: Yes, if youre in any doubt, just keep the customer happy until one of us is free to come to the rescue. A lot of people just want to stop long enough to pick up a few catalogues. Try to get their names, and the names and address of their companies, so that we can follow up those inquiries after the exhibition. B: I will try my best. 2 Talking about Investment EnvironmentA: Why do you think investors travel long distance to attend the investment and trade fairs? Isnt it more convenient to surf the Internet for the information?B: Because such investment and trade fairs offer investors the most updated and comprehensive information on local economic and investment policy, as well as opportunities to meet government officials from different departments, which will save investors a lot in consultancy fees and help them find out whether the city is really beneficial for their business plan. A: Then what are the most essential factors for investors when choosing places for their investments?B: It varies a lot with different business types, but generally investors would consider strategic location, political stability and security, fair investment law, infrastructure, and ease of government procedure as priorities when choosing the place to make an investment. A: How about quality of the local labor force. Does it really matter a lot?B: Definitely. As I always say “people are our greatest assets”. Against the backdrop of an increasingly intense global market, the availability and costs of an adequate workforce are key to investors gaining and maintaining a competitive edge. 3 Talking about an Investment ProjectA: I heard that Haier recently set up a modern state-of-the-art plant in Jordan with a total investment of $40 million. B: Thats really big. What kinds of products are produced in this new plant?A: The products cover a wide range of household appliances, including Color TVs, audio visual appliances, microwaves, washing machines, a variety of vacuum cleaners, dish washers, refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners. B: What can the Jordanian side get from this investment project?A: It is what we call win-win cooperation. The new plant employs 850 local workers, and more significantly, it is becoming the center of excellence in the region by offering services such as training, maintenance and spare parts.B: But why did Haier choose to locate this new plant in Jordan?A: I think its mainly because Jordan has increasingly liberalized its economy, making investment easier and opening the country up to new opportunities. Most sectors of the economy in Jordan now are open to 100% foreign investments. According to the Global Competitiveness Report 2006-2007, Jordan ranked high in the categories of Fiscal Freedom, Monetary Freedom, Financial Freedom, Labor Freedom and Freedom from Corruption. B: Jordans geographic location might also serve as an important incentive for attracting Foreign Direct Investment.A: A good point. Jordan is a distribution hub for the just-in-time delivery for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Products manufactured in Jordan-based plants can enter most Arabic and European markets duty and quota free. B: I see. I think a growing number of multinationals will follow in the footsteps of Haier to open their overseas manufacturing plants in Jordan. . 单句口译提示：请将下列单句口译成英语，注意掌握常用的短语和表达。1) 大多数投资者会把资源、区位、政治上的稳定与安全、适合的投资法规，以及简单的政府手续作为选择投资地的首要考虑因素。2) 在该开发区工厂生产出的产品将免税、免配额进入欧洲和美洲市场。3) 根据2006-2007全球竞争力报告，该国在货币自由、财会自由、金融自