2012年广东高考英语试题述评兼对部分答案商榷.doc

2012年广东高考英语试题述评兼对部分答案进行商榷山东省潍坊市第七中学 刘永科金星教育集团英语编审 张绍云人面桃花依旧在， 岁岁年年各不同。一年一度的全国高考终于在今年6月上旬落下了帷幕。今年的广东高考英语试题，总体难度适中，没有出现难题、偏题和怪题，比较客观地体现了测试的深度、广度和信度，这对广东今后的高中英语教学和高三备考都有着积极的指导意义。时光荏苒，日月如梭。5年过去了，大家仍然记忆犹新：2007年，广东的英语考试改革“敢为人先”，率先以崭新的题型呈现在全国高考英语试题中。传统的“单项填空”变成了“语言结构”，阅读部分增加了“信息匹配”。作文变动最大，由原来的25分变成40分：第一部分是“基础写作”，第二部分是“读写结合”。这些变化突出了对语言的应用和对学生的能力培养，得到了专家和广大师生的推崇和赞赏。本文将对今年的广东高考英语试题作一客观述评，并对部分答案进行商榷。【完形填空】体裁为议论文，内容针对“是非观念的标准”问题进行讨论。材料比较容易读懂，但选项需要联系语境和语义逻辑关系，才能做出更好的判断，例如10、14小题。此外，该题保持了广东侧重考查修饰性表达的特色，15个题中分别考查形容词6题、副词4题、名词3题、动词2题，分布与2011年基本一致。【语法填空】材料是一篇记叙文，通过一位女生的回忆，记叙了班里一位新来的男生的故事。他走路趾高气扬，上课也戴着太阳镜的形象给人留下了深刻的印象。该题保持了一贯的考题结构，4道题带有提示词，6道题没有提示词，难点依然在连词、代词。值得称道的是，虚拟语气首次在语法填空中出现。【阅读理解】所选文章都值得称道。话题紧扣当前热点，选材原汁原味，既体现了广东命题灵活、侧重能力的特点，亦彰显了英美文化意识。四篇文章包括说明文两篇，记叙文和论说文各一篇。题材新颖有趣，从“Have a nice day.”俗语的使用习惯到美国体育节目的商业化，折射出英美文化和生活方方面面，文章本身也没有太多的难词和难句，但题目选项的设置具有一定迷惑性。阅读题目还是偏重于细节的理解，只有几个是考查文章的主题或大意，还有两道是考查词汇或句子的理解，没有涉及文章结构的考题。【信息匹配】今年的信息匹配，内容是一位报社编辑从一组读者来信中整理出关键备忘信息（每信都有hobbies和purpose两项），然后让考生针对每封读者来信进行匹配。该题简单到了无以复加的地步，纯属一个“送分题”，符合测试要兼顾差生的原则。【基础写作和读写任务】写作是语言应用的综合体现。只要抓好写作基本功，多多训练英语表达思维，这样就可以不变应万变。小作文考查人物传记，属于平时大量训练的题材和体裁，大作文属于表达师生情的文章，要求考生夹叙夹议，考法常规。今年的读写任务和往年的思路一致，贴近了考生的生活，让考生有话可说。和基础写作一样，夯实写作基础，训练写作技巧是备考的关键，另外鼓励学生阅读大量美文、背诵一些谚语和名言也是可以起到画龙点睛的作用。鉴于目前试题的一些错误答案，有的网络上广为流传，有的已经出版成书，这都难免对广大师生和英语教学产生误导，甚至以讹传讹，造成不良影响，有必要予以及时澄清。下面，针对广东高考试题中出现的部分错误答案，提出我们的质疑。【质疑一】【语法填空】17题，填would buy还是填had bought?原题是He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school. 我们认为，as if引导的方式从句既可以是陈述语气，也可以是虚拟语气，这要视主句或上下文而定。这个新来的带着太阳镜的学生，其走路的姿势，其趾高气扬的姿态，给人的感觉是“他好像买下了这所学校似的”（只是感觉其实不然）。命题的立意显然是考查与过去相反的虚拟语气，否则就无意义，正确答案应为had bought。有不少答案选择了陈述语气的would buy，表示过去将要做的事情，与整个句子的意思显然不符。【质疑二】【语法填空】20题，填Although还是填If ? 20 he thought he cloud escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. 这是第3段的第一句话，意思是：“_他认为通过坐在教室后面就可以避开别人对他的注意，那就错了。”从上面两段文字中根本看不出他曾经有过这样的想法，而在后面的叙述中才知道他这样做未能奏效。既然如此，就不能填although，因为这个表示让步的连词必须带有既定的事实才行。例如：Although he was late, he never apologized. （“他迟到”是既定的事实）Although English is too difficult for her, she wont give it up. （“英语对她而言太难”也是既定的事实）由此看来，此处是个条件句更为合适，因为条件句是对未知的一种假设。因此，正确答案为If。【质疑三】【阅读理解】30题，选择A. Have a Nice Daya Social Custom，还是选择C. Have a Nice Daya Heart-warming Greeting? 这是一个主旨大意题，问的是本篇文章的最佳题目是什么。Have a nice day. 从形式上看，它是一个expression；从内容上看，它是一个“问候语”。说它heart-warning，是因为这个问候语本身表达了让人温心的祝愿。尽管它也用于一些其他特定的场合，表示特定的意义，但它的本质还是一个greeting，不可能是一种社会习俗。因为custom是一个民族长期形成的风俗习惯，是一种文化，具有丰富的外延。而Have a nice day.是一句话，是一个expression，是一种greeting，怎么能跟custom同日而语呢？expression与custom是两个相同的概念吗。如果说它是一种社会习俗，从逻辑上就是混淆概念，或者偷换概念。有人还根据Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, 证明它就是custom，这也属于偷换概念，因为the use of the expression不等于 the expression本身。遗憾的是，现在我们见到的所有解析中，都选择了答案A，实在令人遗憾。如果说，a Heart-warming Greeting不能承载这个习语全部含义的话，那么该题没有正确答案。总之，该题似乎没有完美的答案，若把答案C改为Have a Nice Daya Greeting with Different Meanings，即为最佳答案。【质疑四】【阅读理解】31题，选择D. hungry，还是选择B. upset?阅读理解B篇, 31. According to Paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels_.A. sick B. upset C. sleepy D. hungry从目前获知的全部答案来看，无一例外地都选择了D. hungry，这确实让我们感到惊讶。有人凭感觉和常识，毫无疑问地选择了hungry。理由是：婴儿哭的原因不就是饿了吗？首先，我们要问的是，“常识”都是正确的吗？回答显然是No! 现在，很多常识的东西都被科学实验证明是错误的。更重要的是，回答这个题目是根据常识还是根据文章第2段的内容？我们经常告诫学生要特别注意According to 这个术语，就是不要根据常识做出判断，而是根据作者或文章本身。下面我们根据第2段的内容，梳理一下“哭的原因”到底是什么？ a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth. （译文：低血糖对大脑的发育有害，而且使得婴儿容易恼怒。在此状态下，很难让婴儿平静下来，而且睡不着觉。这时孩子会通过哭或用嘴搜寻食物的方式来引起人们的注意。）非常简单的意思，非常简单的原因。低血糖导致孩子annoyed,“无法平静，睡不着觉”是upset的表现。这需要引起注意，“哭”和“搜寻食物”是方式。注意：它们是并列关系，不是因果关系，哭和饿没有必然的联系。因此正确答案是：B. upset 附：【语法填空】原题Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, 16 (wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 18 (please), because there were many empty seats in the room .But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in 19 last row. 20 he thought he cloud escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little 21 (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, 22 made her feel like a star.“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head.” Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class .I like to look at your eyes when Im speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher 23 a few seconds and all the other students wondered 24 the boy would do .Then he took 25 off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool.”附：【阅读理解】原题(A)“Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.“Have a nice day. Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words came out in the same tone (腔调) with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone elses is the managements attempt to increase business.The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we dont know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? Im terribly sorry, but have a nice day.”The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart- warming because someone you dont know has tried to be nice to you.Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, its nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really dont care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.26. How does the author understand Maxies words?A. Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.B. Maxie really wishes the author a good day.C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.D. Maxie really worries about the authors security.27. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?A. The sales-girl is rude. B. The sales-girl is bored.C. The sales-girl cares about me. D. The sales-girl says the words as a routine.28. By saying “Have a nice day,” a stranger may _.A. try to be polite to you B. express respect to youC. give his blessing to you D. share his pleasure with you29. According to the last paragraph, people say “Have a nice day”_.A. sincerely B. as thanks C. as a habit D. encouragingly30. What is the best title of the passage?A. Have a Nice Daya Social CustomB. Have a Nice Daya Pleasant GestureC. Have a Nice Daya Heart-warming GreetingD. Have a Nice Daya Polite Ending of a Conversation(B)I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the babys point of view.Mothers, doctors and nurse alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. Ive never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby In the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This Research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（样本）of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a childs sex and age, the mothers health and feeling style. These results do