阳江-初中英语知识形容词,副词.doc

阳江-初中英语知识第四第五章：形容词，副词. 课标考点解析1. 形容词，副词的要求掌握A. 形容词的基本用法B. 形容词的比较级C. 形容词的位置。D. 部分形容词的用法比较。E. 副词的基本用法F. 副词的分类。G. 副词的比较级H. 副词的位置。I. 常用副词的用法比较J. 在同一范围内比较。2. 中考命题方向A. 试题的热点：从最近几年的中考试题中，我们可以看出，对于形容词和副词，在中考中的重点和难点主要是放在比较级和最高级的用法，形容词的位置，意思相近或相同的形容词和副词之间的辨别和使用。B. 试题的特点：对于形容词和副词的考查，在中考试题中所占的分数较大，一般都在10%左右。一般的题型是：用所给词的正确行使填空，单项选择题，完形填空，和作文题等。C.试题的走向：对于形容词和副词，从历年的中考试题中可以看出，主要是集中在比较级和最高级的用法以及由它们所构成的常见句型中。3. 考试策略点拨A. 形容词和副词的基本用法是中考的考点之一。B. 意思相近或相同的形容词和饿副词之间的辨析和使用是中考试题中的难点、C. 形容词和副词都是历年各地中考试题中必定考查的知识点。D. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法也需要考生在备考时特别注意。（二）中考试题考形容词，副词知识点演练1. The old man lives_ in a small house, but he never feels _.A. alone, lonelyB. lonely, aloneC. lonely, lonelyD. alone, alone2. - _ plastic bags we use, _it will be to the environment. - I agree _you.A. The less; the better;withbetter; withB. The fewer; the better; withC. The less; the worse; toD. The fewer; the worse; to3. The door is not _ for the elephant to pass.A. wide enoughB. widely enoughC. enough wideD. enough widely4. -The cake looks _. -Yes, and it tastes even _.A. well; goodB. nice; betterC. good; worstD. better; best5. Wu Dong is one of the _ students in the class.A. cleverB. clevererC. more cleverD. cleverest.6. It takes more time to go there by ship than by bus. It is _by train of the three.A. fasterB. the fastestC. fastD. much fast7. Jack is a careless boy. He doesnt write as _ as Mary.A. carefulB. more carefullyC. carefullyD. more careful8. -_do you go to watch the movies? - Twice a month.A. How oftenB. How oldC. How farD. How soon（三）考点解析和习题检测二：考点解析I：形容词的基本用法 A. 做定语。 用来修饰名词。说明人或事物的性质或特征。Eg: He is a handsome boy.B做表语。 放在Be动词之后。Eg: My younger sister was so sad.典型例题1 The food on the plate smells _. You can not eat it.A. delicious B. badlyC. wellD. bad解析：D。 从下文you cant eat it，可知“盘子里的食物闻起来臭了。”smell是个系动词。作用相当于be动词。后面必须用形容词来进行修饰。2- The teacher looked at her students _when they were saved. -We also felt _ for them.A. happily; happyB. happy; happyC. happy; happilyD. happily; happily解析：A。 句意：当学生获救时， 老师开心地看着他们。用副词来修饰动词look。Feel 是个感官动词。后面常用形容词来修饰，表示一种状态。习题操练1 我有一些有趣的事情要告诉你。_2 不要感到难过。一切都会再好的。_3 我们必须保持教室干净。_4 我们要尊老爱幼。_5 当老师叫他起来回答问题时，他的脸变红了。_6 悲伤的电影总是使我不开心。_II: 形容词的位置A 一般情况下，形容词修饰名词。 放在名词前。形容词修饰合成不定代词时，放在它的后面。Eg: a handsome boy. Something interestingB. 多个形容词修饰一个名词时， 顺序为：现代词（冠词，物主代词，指示代词，不定代词等）数词描绘形容词（短词在前，长词在后） 表示特征的形容词（包括大小，长度，形状，新旧，年龄等）表示颜色的形容词表示类属的形容词（包括国籍，专有形容词和表示材料质地的形容词）名词性的定语（包括动名词）被修饰的名词Eg: This is a beautiful tall building.c. else做形容词时， 通常用于疑问代词或不定代词后，翻译为：另外的 ，其他的。Eg: Do you have anything else to say?典型例题1 Chinese is a language _(困难的)to master.解析：difficult。 2 She did _to make him happy.A. everything possibleB. possible everythingC. something possibleD. possible something解析：A。 形容词修饰合成不定代词时位于其后，根据句意，应选A。3. Do you have _ to say?A. something elseB. anything elseC. else somethingD. else anything解析：B。else 做形容词时，通常用于疑问代词或不定代词时，此句式一般疑问句。故用B。习题操练1 这是我舒适，干净的，小的新房间。_2 她笑了，露出一口洁白的牙齿。She smiled, showing _ teeth.3. 在大厅里四张大的，棕色的圆桌子。There are _ tables in the hall.4. 这是小红的两本新的化学书。These are _books.5. 在我家附近有一栋新的红色楼房。_6这座城市有一条两千米长的林荫道。_III: 副词的基本用法A 副词用来修饰动词，形容词或其他副词。Eg: drive the car quickly.B too to 结构。（太以至于不能.）Eg: The boy is too young to go to school.C so/suchthat (如此.以致于.) Eg: The girl is so interested in English that she always takes part in various activities.D enough做形容词，修饰名词时，一般放在名词前。做副词，修饰形容词和副词时，位于被修饰词之后。Eg: This Hall is big enough to hold 200 people.E “动词+副词”构成的短语动词，如果相当于一个及物动词，人称代词，只能放在动词，副词之前。如果名词做宾语，既可以放在动词于副词之间，也可以放在副词之后。Eg: This pair of shoes is very beautiful, and she wants to put it on immediately.典型例题1. As we know, Bill Gates is _(true) rich.解析：truly. Rich 是个形容词，通常用副词来进行修饰。2. Peter was _tired that he couldnt continue running.A. veryB. tooC. soD. such解析：C。 考查固定结构.so that3. Dont worry, sir. I am sure that I can run _ to catch up with them soon.A. slowly enoughB. enough slowlyC. fast enoughD. enough fast解析：C。enough修饰名词时，可以放在前后。Enough修饰形容词和副词时，只能放在形容词前。4. I cant stand shopping, so I _ go shopping.A. oftenB. alwaysC. sometimesD. seldom解析：D。 从语境中，我很少逛街。Seldom“表示很少。” 表示程度的副词依频率高低为：Alwaysusually often sometimesseldomnever5. This pair of shoes looks nice. Could I _?A. try it onB. try on itC. try on themD. try them on解析：D。鞋子是复数形式。故用them代替。Try on 是动词+副词构成的短语动词。人称代词作其宾语时，只能放在动词与副词之间。6. What he said was_ difficult for us _understand.解析：too.to。 这是个简单句。用tooto.。表示太.而不能. 常见的疑问副词when, where, why, howHow soon, how often, how long, how far, how old典型例题：-_do you send an email to your cousin?-Sometimes.A. How longB. How muchC. How oftenD. How soon解析：C。考查疑问副词的用法。由下文的sometimes，可知是问频率.通常用how often.习题操练1 你们多久回一次家？_2 这副眼镜大概要多少钱？_3 你来阳江工作已经有多久了？_4 有多少学生参加我们这次活动?_5 他们打算怎样过暑假？_6 从学校到中山公园多远/_. Adj. adv.的比较等级1 形容词，副词的比较级和最高级的变形A直接在词尾加er,-est. Eg: talltallertallestB. 以不发音的字母e结尾，在词尾加r, -st. Eg: nicenicernicestC. 以“辅音字母+y“结尾的，把y变i，再加er, -est. Eg: easyeasiereasiestD. 以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个辅音，再加er, -est. Eg: bigbiggerbiggestE. 部分双音节和多音节，前加more/most.Eg: popularmore popularmost popular不规则变化lessbetterworseGood badlittle(well)(ill)leastbestworstolderfartherold elder(年长地)farfurther（进一步的）oldestfarthest2 常用的比较急的句型结构。1. A+ 比较级+B.”。意为：A 比B更.Eg: I am taller than you.(2).Which/who+比较级，A or B? 意为：A 和B， 谁更?Eg: Which is cheaper, Tshirt or skirt?(3). A.+比较级+of the two.” 意为：A 是两者中更的。Eg: He is the taller of the two boys. (4). 比较级+and+比较级，意为：越来越.。Eg: taller and taller(5). The +比较级.，The +比较级.，意为：越.， 越.Eg: The busier he is, the happier he feels.(6). 比较级前常用much, a little, even, a bit, a lot, still 等来修饰。Eg: He is much thinner than his brother.(7). 表示倍数的词或度量名词可以做比较级的修饰语，放在其前面。Eg: This room is twice bigger than that room.注意：1. 前后比较的对象必须保持一致。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.2. 避免将主语包含在比较对象中。He comes earlier than any other student in our class.3. 要避免重复使用比较级。He is more cleverer(cleverer) than his brother.4. 要注意冠词的使用，后有n时，前面才可以有冠词。Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?典型例题：1 -Mr. Cooper has been ill since last week. How is he now?-He is even_today.A. worseB. illerC. worstD. more ill解析：A。 考查比较级的用法。根据句意：他今天更糟糕。用even来修饰比较级，表示一种程度。2 The beds in this room are_ in that room.A. higher than thoseB. higher thanC. much higher thanD. more higher than that解析：A。由此题可知：这个房间的床比那个房间的床要高。在比较级中，前后所比较级的对象必须保持一致.the beds是复数形式。故用those来指代。3_children there are in a family, _their life will be, especially in the country.A. The less; the betterB. The fewer; the betterC. Fewer; richerD. more; the poorer解析：B。考查the morethe more.这个句型。句意：在一个家庭里孩子越来越少，他们的生活越好，尤其是在农村。Children是复数，用few来修饰。4. The Chinese peoples Republic life is g getting _（越来越好）。 我比我弟弟大三岁。I am _ _ _than my brother.解析：better and better。考查比较级+and+比较级，表示越来越习题操练Part one: 写出下列形容词，副词的比较级，最高级形式。a) nice _b) early _c) far _d) thin _e) badly _f) little _g) carefully _h) popular _i) angry _j) fluently _Part two: 用括号里所给词的适当形式填空1. Bob is _ ( young ) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred.2. Yingtian is not as _ (tall) asYongxian.3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat) than before .4. Which is _ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?5.- How _ (tall) is Sally? - She s 1.55 meters _ (tall). What about Xiaoling? - She s only 1.40 meters _ (tall). She is much _(short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short)girl inthe class.6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English.7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world.8.He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think.9. A dictionary is much _ (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange ia a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon.11.Miss Chen is _ _than Mr. Wang. (popular)12. Mr. Lin _ _ _ Mr. Brown. (sad)13. The basketball _ _ _ the baseball. (big)14. Question A _ _ _ _ Question B. (important)15. A rose _ _ _ _ a weed(野草). (beautiful)Part three: 选择题1. She is _ than _ . A. busier / us B. busier / we C. more busy / us D. more busy / we2. Jane is _ than Betty. A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall D. not as tall3. China is _ country in the world. A. the third largest B. the largest third C. the third large D. a third largest4. -Which is _ season in Beijing?-I think its autumn.A. good B. better C. best D. the best5- Which is_ , the sun, the moon or the earth?- Of course, the moon is.A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest6.The air in Beijing is getting much _ now than a few years ago.A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest7. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _ than before.A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest8I study English as_as my brother.A. hard B. harder C. hardest9. Which is _ , a bicycle or a computer?A. expensive B. more expensive C. the most expensive10. The Yellow River is one of _rivers in China. A long B longer C the longest11. She is the second _student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest3. 最高级a. A.+ the+最高级+in(of, among)。 意为：在某范围内A最Eg: Shanghai is the largest city in China.b. A + one of the +最高级+复数名词。意为： A 是最.之一。Eg: JayZhou is one of the most popular singers in Taiwan.c. +the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in+范围。意为：在某范围内第几Eg: Changjiang River is the first longest river in our country.d. Which/who.+ the+最高级，A, B or C? 意为：A,B 和C 哪个/谁最.？Eg: Which is the biggest, the sun,the earth or the moon?e. A.+the+最高级+that I have ever seen/heard/readEg: You are the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.典型例题：1. This is _story that I have ever heard.A. boringB. more boringC. most boringD. the most boring解析：D。句意：这是我听到过的最无聊的故事。2. Which language is _, English, Japanese or Chinese?A. the most difficultB. difficultC. more difficult解析：A。句意：哪一门语言是最难（在三门语言中进行比较）3.The Changjiang River is the _(long) river in China.解析：longest.句意：长江是中国最长的河流。4. Of all the sports shoes, John bought _pair. Then he had some money for socks.A. a cheaperB. the most wonderfulC. the least expensive解析：C。 考查最高级的用法。在所有的这些运动鞋，John买了一双最便宜的鞋子。习题操练1 吴同志是我们办公室里年龄最大的。_2 他的大儿子是个工程师。_3 在我的这些小说中，我最喜欢这一本Oliver._4 上海市中国最大的工业中心。_5 她跳高跳得最高。_6 哈利.波特是我欧美读过的最有趣的书。_Part two:选择题( )1. I think science is _ than Japanese. A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important( ) 2 This pencil is_ than that one. A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long ( ) 3 My mother is no _ young. A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few ( ) 4 These children are _ this year than they were last year. A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller( ) 5 It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today. A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. much hot 6. Mrs Black has got_ instead of getting any better. A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse4. 原级a. as.as.和.一样 the same.as 中间必须用形容词，副词的原级形式b. not as.as和.不一样 not so.as典型例题：1. I dont like this film. It is _ that one.A. as interesting asB. less interesting asC. more interesting thanD. not so interesting as解析：D。 我不喜欢这部电影。它没有那部有趣。Not soas.和.不一样。2. Kelsey doesnt speak _ her friends, but her written work is excellent.A. so well asB. so often asC. so much asD. as good as解析：A。句意：从后面可知，Kelsey没有她朋友说英语好。Not asas。中间加形容词和副词的原形形式。此题中，修饰动词，故用副词well.习题操练：1. 今天没有昨天热。_2. 他英语不如你说得好。_3. 他做作业不如Kate认真。_4. 这个笑话比那个笑话更有趣。_5. 冬天是一年中最冷的季节。_6. 李明是三个男孩中最高的。_7. 这道题比那道题难。_（四）课后知识点中考备考专演练Part one: 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _brightly_ -_ bably _ _ far_ _quickly _ _ happy_ -_ unhappy_old _ _ busy _ _hin _ _ many _ _slow _ _ delicious _ _part two: 翻译下列的句子1 本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _ _ _ that one.2 你游泳没有你弟弟好。You cant swim _ _ _ your brother.3 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday.4 对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。This story is _ _ _ than that one.5 他比我大两岁。He is _ _ _ than I.6 这个故事不如那个有趣。This story is _ _ _ than that one.7 她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _ _ _ every day.8.他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming _ _ _ _ _ English.9.他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats, the _ he gets.10.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个。Your question is _ _ _ of two.Part three: 用括号里的词的适当形式填空。1. Tom can jump _(high). He jumps _(high) than the other boys in his class. 2. Janet sing _(well) in her class. She can sing _(well) than her music teacher, too.3. My father is _(handsome). But my brother is _(handsome) than him. He is _(handsome) in my family.4. I have _(many) books in my class. But my teacher has _(many) books than _(I). 5._(they) house is much _(old) than _(we). 6. _(she) dances _(well) than _(he). 7. _(he) house are _(small) of the four.8. Does _(she) mother get up _(early) than _(you)?9. Which eats _(many), the mouse, the dog or the horse?10. Are _(we) going to play football with _(they)?11. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever).12. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁).13. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I.14. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the