高中外研版必修3第一单元知识点.doc

外研版必修三第一单元知识点 戴氏蜀汉路校区I. 单词点睛1acrossprep. &adv. (from one side of sth. to the other)横过， 穿过；从一边到另一边；(on the opposite side of sth.)在对面; 宽(1) across the street在街道的对面10 meters across 宽10米(2) come across 偶然遇到get (sth.) across 使被理解；解释清楚【活学活用】 (1)He couldnt _ his meaning _ to us.他无法向我们表达清楚他的意思。(2)At the front door stood a five-year-old boy from _ 前门站着一个来自街对面的五岁男孩。(3) I _ a group of children playing in the garden. 我遇到一群孩子在花园里玩耍。(4)The river is_.这条河宽一英里。【易混辨析】across, through和 over 与pastacross 意为“横穿，穿越”，表示运动发生在物体的表面。over 意为“跨过，越过”，表示运动发生在物体的上方。through 意为“穿过，越过”，表示运动发生在物体的空间内。Past 意为“从旁经过”，表示运动发生在某物旁边。(1)The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, _ the deserts, _ the mountains _ the valleys, until at last it reaches the sea. 长城从西向东， 跨过沙漠， 越过高山， 穿过峡谷， 蜿蜒而行， 最后直达海边。(2) The crowd of people walked _ the City Hall to the Centre Square.人群走过市政厅到达中心广场。2.facen. 脸；表面；(物体的)正面， 表面a weather-beaten face 饱经风霜的脸the north face of the mountain 山的北坡v面向， 面朝；面临， 面对(1) make a face/faces 做鬼脸face to face 面对面in the face of 面对；不顾(2) face south 面向南方be faced with 面临；面对(困难、问题等)face up to 正视， 勇敢地面对【活学活用】(1) _difficulties, she didnt choose to give up. 面对困难， 她没有选择放弃。(2)I have often dreamed of talking _with you.我一直想和你当面聊一聊。(3)He must _ the fact that he is no longer young. 他必须勇于正视自己不再年轻这一事实。(4)He remained calm even _danger.即使面对危险，他也镇定自若。(5) I want to find a house with the window _.我想找一个窗子朝南的房子。(6)The boys _at each other when the teacher turned her back.老师转过身去的时候，男孩子们互相做鬼脸。3.rangen山脉；(变化等的)幅度；范围v. (vary or extend between specified limits) (在一定范围内)变化， 变动(1) be in/within range 在范围以内be beyond/out of range 超出范围；在范围以外a wide/broad range of 范围广泛的(2) range fromto/betweenand在到之间变动【活学活用】(1)The hotel offers _ facilities and services.酒店提供一系列的设施和服务。(2)The books cover a variety of subjects _ current affairs. 这些书包含话题很广， 从体育到当前事务都有涉及。(3)He shouted angrily at anyone _他看见谁，就对谁吼叫。4. situated adj n. situationbe situated in/on/at 坐落于/位于. be badly /well situated 境况困难/良好 be in/out of a situation 在处境中/摆脱.处境【活学活用】(1)The village _ a valley. 这个村庄坐落在一个山谷中。(2)Small businesses _to benefit from the single market.小企业所处的形势有利于单一市场中受益。 (3)Our office _ the second floor. 我们的办公室位于二楼。(4)He is_他陷入困境了。5. locate vt. be located in/on/at 坐落于；位于【活学活用】Qingdao is an attractive city _the eastern coast of China.青岛是一座迷人的城市，位于中国东部沿海。【拓展】location （C）n. 位置；场所The location of the factory is close to the railway. 工厂地处铁路沿线。6.opposite prep. 在对面adj. 相对的；对面的；对立的；相反的n. 对立面； 反面just/quite the opposite 恰恰相反the man opposite 对面的那个人【活学活用】(1) He sat down in the chair _.他在对面的椅子上坐了下来。 (2)I thought the medicine would work, but it had the _.我以为这个药会起作用， 但是却产生了相反的效果。(3) Is it better now? _, I am afraid. “现在好点了吗？”“恐怕正相反。”7.【易混辨析】sign, signal, mark和symbol (1)sign表示“标识， 标记”时指具体的用于识别或指示的标志， 如指标牌。也可指事件发生的先兆、迹象。Very often dark clouds are a sign of rain.通常乌云是要下雨的征兆。Sir, you are not to walk your pet on the lawn. Dont you see the sign: “Keep off the grass”？ 先生， 你不可以在草坪上遛狗， 你没瞧见牌子上写着“请勿践踏草坪”吗？(2)signal信号， 常指约定俗成， 用于传达某些信息的信号， 也指灯光、声音或信号标志。A red light is a signal of danger, which is even known to a fiveyearold child.红灯是危险的信号， 这一点就连五岁的孩子都知道。(3)mark “痕迹， 标记”， 指为某一目的有意做的标记， 也指无意留下或自然形成的痕迹。His feet left dirty marks all over the floor. 他的脚在地板上留下了脏痕迹。(4)symbol “象征， 符号”， 指被人们选出的物体或图案， 用来代表另一事物， 并作为该事物的标记或象征。Doves are universally viewed as a symbol of peace all over the world.世界各地把鸽子看作是和平的象征。【活学活用】Drive straight ahead, and then you will see a _ to the HefeiNanjing Expressway.Asign Bmark Csignal Dboard 8.work on (to spend time working in order to produce or repair something)从事， 忙于(1)work at研究， 努力学习work out 算出；解决， 找到答案；制订出；锻炼；按某种方式发展，结果work as 作为工作(2)at work 在上班【活学活用】根据语境选择work 相关短语的适当形式填空(1)Im tired to death. Ive been _ the wall the whole morning. 我累得要死， 整个上午一直在粉刷墙壁。(2)Learning a language isnt easy. You have to _ it. 学一门语言不容易， 你需要努力学习。(3)She _ a consultant for a design company. 她在一家设计公司做顾问。【易混辨析】work on和work atwork on往往指做某种具体的工作， 翻译起来比较灵活；而work at更倾向于“钻研”或“努力学习”。如：He is working on a new novel.他正在写一本新的小说。The little boy was working on a branch with a knife to make a toy gun.小男孩正在用刀子削树枝做玩具手枪。He is working at English grammar. 他正在努力学习英语语法。9. prepare vt. 准备； 预备（饭菜）prepare to do sthmake preparations for 为作准备【活学活用】(1)She was in the kitchen _lunch.她在厨房做午饭。(2)Taking out a piece of paper, he _her.他拿出一张纸，准备给她写信。(3)They are busy _the wedding.他们正忙着筹备婚礼。10.in terms of就而言；从的观点；从角度in the long term 长期内in the short term 短期内【活学活用】(1) We must aim for world peace _. 我们要争取持久的世界和平。(2)The house is ideal _, but it is too expensive. 从面积上看， 这房子很理想， 但价格太贵。11.句型公式 in 在范围之内,on 在范围之外；接壤to 在范围之外；可接壤也可不接壤；当只强调方向时用tooff 表示在“离不远的地方”【活学活用】Taiwan is _ the east of China. 台湾在中国大陆的东部。Henan is _ the north Hunan. 河南在湖南的北边。The ship sank just two miles _ the coast. 船在离海岸仅两英里的地方沉了。Hunan is _ the south of Hubei. 湖南在湖北的南边。12. popular adj. 流行的；受欢迎的；民众的；大众化的；通俗的be popular with/among 为喜欢；受欢迎【活学活用】Smart and pretty , Kate _ her friends.凯特聪明又漂亮，深受朋友们的喜爱。13. be famous for 以而闻名 be famous as=be known as 作为而闻名be famous to=be known to 为所熟知【活学活用】Hes _ a great singer. 他作为一名杰出的歌唱家而闻名。Hes _ everyone here. 这里的人对他都很熟悉。Switzerland is _ its mountains . 瑞士以高山而闻名。14.compare with 比得上，可与相比compare with 把.和.比较；具体的比较compare.to.把比作（比喻）.；抽象的比较【活学活用】_ this _ that, and youll see which is better. 把这个与那个相比，你就会看出哪一个更好。People often_ teachers _ guides in modern times. 现代人常把老师比作向导。15.belong to (1) “为的