九年级英语定语从句用法及配套练习.doc

初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who (宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语The coat (that)I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2. which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3. who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？(作宾语) 注意：(1) 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如： This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2) 含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 (3) that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 (4) 关系词只能用that的情况： a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b. 被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ f. 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 (5) 关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况： a. 先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that. 例如： Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that. 例如： This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that. 例如： Tom came back, hich made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法 (1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。 (2) where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。 (3) why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？六、判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错 （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。【中考范例】1. (2004年哈尔滨中考试题) -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。2. (2004年常州市中考试题) The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。3. (2004年扬州市中考试题) -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。4. (2004年益阳市中考试题)I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。自我测试 I. 单项填空。1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes， hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. whereD. who10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live in11. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which12. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where13. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom14. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which15. This is the place I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which16. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when17. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why18. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which19. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which20. Mr. White, _car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where22. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where23. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where24. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where25. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.11. The first thing _you must do is to