unit1听力原文及B答案

Unit 1,Section A Famous Universities in the World陈晓明,Monologue,Conversation,Passage,Passage 1I. 4-8-1-7-2-9-4-3-6-10II. 1 . 10,000; 3,5002 . details; involved3 . subject requirements; qualifications4 . processes all applications5. achieve; confirmed,Passage2,1.18532.distinctive 3.academic4.freedom, honesty, openness and rigor 5.research6.to strengthen its core intellectual disciplines 7.teaching8.to attract the brightest student,Passage2,9. public-spirited10. declares its intention 11 . serve public ends12. based on evidence and reason 13 . internationally engaged14. undertakes to work with 1 5. to meet global challenges,Lecture,1. was founded; in 1827; institution2. affiliated teaching hospitals; Faculty3. Canadas; an international reputation; a greater range of courses than4. liberal arts education; insistence on; graduate education; doctoral candidates5. quality and range; attract students; province; country; abroad,Cultural Link,1. Ivy League 常春藤联盟大学An association of eight universities and colleges in the northeast United States, comprising Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale.,Cultural Link,2. Harvard-Yale RegattaThe Harvard-Yale Boat Race or Harvard-Yale Regatta is an annual rowing race between Yale and Harvard universities. First contested in 1852 , annually since 1859 except during major wars fought by the United States, the Race is Americas oldest collegiate athletic competition, predating the Game by 23 years. Originally rowed on Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire, it has since moved to the Thames River, New London, Connecticut.,Cultural Link,3. The Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize was established in accordance with the will of Alfred Nobelinventor of dynamite and holder of more than 350 patents. Awarded annually since 1901, the Nobel Prize is the first annual international award to recognize achievements in Physics, Medicine, Chemistry, Peace and Literature.,Cultural Link,3. The Nobel Prize Nobel prizes have been awarded to members of Cambridge University for significant advances as diverse as the discovery of the structure of DNA, the development of a national income accounting system, the mastery of an epic and narrative psychological art and the discovery of penicillin.,Cultural Link,4. University of Cambridge and Nobel Prize WinnersThe University of Cambridge has more Nobel Prize winners than any other institution. 81 affiliates of the University of Cambridge have won the Nobel Prize since 1904. Affiliates have won in every category, with 29 Nobel prizes in Physics, 22 in Medicine, 19 in Chemistry, 7 in Economics, 2 in Literature and 2 in Peace.,Unit 1,Section B Immune System,Outline,Word Building Power,immuno-: immune 免疫的 immunity免疫性 carcin- (carcino-): cancer癌,Word Building Power,immunogenic：产生免疫的 immunogenetics: 免疫遗传学 immunopathology: 免疫病理学 immunoproliferative：免疫增生的 immunobiology：免疫生物学 immunochemistry：免疫化学 immunosuppressant：免疫抑制剂Immunotherapeutic:免疫疗法的acquired immunity：获得性免疫（后天免疫）,Word Building Power,artificial immunity: 人工免疫congenital immunity: 先天免疫（某一个体出生时所具有的免疫）herd immunity ( community immunity): 群体免疫（流行病学概念）passive immunity: 被动免疫im munosuppression: 免疫抑制（借助抗代谢药物，或辐射，或使用抗淋巴细胞血清或环孢毒素使免疫反应抑制以防止移植物或器官移植物的排斥。又作immunodepression）,Word Building Power,immunotherapy: 免疫疗法active immunity: 主动免疫 cell-mediated immunity: 细胞免疫（细胞介导性免疫）cross immunity: 交叉免疫local immunity: 局部免疫maternal immunity: 母源免疫protective immunity: 保护性免疫,Word Building Power,cancer: 癌（瘤）cancerous: 与癌（瘤） 有关的carcinoma: 癌（恶性上脾性肿瘤，为癌瘤最常见类型）carcinomatosis (carcinosis): 癌病（广泛播散全身的癌）tumor: 肿瘤（因细胞进行性地、不受控制地增生所形成的一个肿块性病变，即新生物。良性肿瘤保持在局部，而恶性肿瘤则侵润临近组织，并经淋巴或血流播散，在其他组织和器官产生继发性（转移性）瘤块）,Word Building Power,neoplasm: 肿瘤，新生物（指一种由增殖细胞构成的良性或恶性的扩展性损害）malignant tumor: 恶性肿瘤malignant neoplasm: 恶性肿瘤benign tumor: 良性肿瘤benign neoplasm: 良性肿瘤onco-(onc-): 肿瘤oncology: 肿学瘤,Word Building Power,oncogenesis: （肿）瘤形成，（肿）瘤发生oncologist: 肿瘤学家sarcoma: 肉瘤（结缔组织或间充质细胞，如纤维组织、脂肪组织、肌肉组织、血管、淋巴管、滑膜组织、骨和软骨组织构成的一种恶性肿瘤，其准确命名取决于组织的类型，如纤维肉瘤（fibrosarcoma）、脂肉瘤（liposarcoma）、血管肉瘤（angiosarcoma）或骨肉瘤（osteosarcoma）sarcomatosis (sarcosis): 肉瘤病,Word Building Power,II. art therapy: 艺术疗法behavior therapy: 行为疗法gene therapy: 基因疗法speech therapy: 言语疗法Gestalt therapy: 格式塔疗法 radiotherapy: 放射疗法immunotherapy: 免疫疗法hydrotherapy: 水疗psychotherapy: 心理疗法,Word Building Power,II. hyperbaric oxygen therapy: 高压氧疗法su pplementary X-ray therapy: X射线辅助疗法chemotherapy: 化疗physiotherapy: 理疗sympathicotherapy: 交感神经刺激疗法sclerotherapy: 硬化疗法（应用硬化溶液闭塞患病血管的一种疗法）,Watching and Doing,Background Information about Immune System and Natural Killer CellsThe immune system protects the body against infections by bacteria, viruses and other parasites. It is really a collection of responses that the body makes to infection. So it is sometimes called the “immune response”. Natural Killer Cells (or NK cells) are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system. NK cells provide rapid responses to virally infected cells and respond to tumor formation, acting at around 3 days after infection.,Watching and Doing,Background Information about Immune System and Natural Killer CellsTypically immune cells detect MHC presented on infected cell surfaces, triggering cytokine release, causing lysis or apoptosis. NK cells are unique, however, as they have the ability to recognize stressed cells in the absence of antibodies and MHC, allowing for a much faster immune reaction. They were named “natural killers” because of the initial notion that they do not require activation in order to kill cells that are missing “self ” markers of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1.,Watching and Doing,Background Information about Medical Therapiestherapy (e.g. the treatment of an illness or injury over a fairly long period of time) 意为“治疗，疗法”，指的是对疾病的系统治疗或改善健康的方法。该词常与表示用药方式或治疗目的的构词成分连用。常见的如下：adoptive therapy 继承性免疫疗法。使用从另一种群或同种的另一个体取得的特异性抗体或使用取之于同种（最好是同基因的）成员的淋巴细胞治疗疾病的方法。,Watching and Doing,Background Information about Medical Therapiesart therapy 艺术疗法。应用艺术如舞蹈、音乐、绘画和雕塑，单独或联合应用，作为精神病治疗的辅助方法，为精神病人远离病组或参加群体活动、达到可见的目标以及增强自尊提供机会。behavior therapy 行为疗法。该疗法根据实验心理学技术治疗与行为有关的疾病或问题。理论上认为不良行为是由于错误学习的结果，这些不良行为能够通过再学习如厌恶疗法、生物反馈法、行为塑造法、系统脱敏以及象征性奖励法来纠正。又称作 learning-theory therapy, conditioning therapy,Watching and Doing,Background Information about Medical Therapiesgene therapy 基因疗法。为了纠正特定的基因缺陷将一个或多个特定的基因引入机体的体细胞、生殖谱系细胞或两者内。Gestalt therapy 格式塔疗法。这是一种心理疗法，强调反应中的整体性并强调在局部经验和背景经验之间的意义方面取得适当的平衡。hyperbaric oxygen therapy 高压氧疗法。应用比正常大气压更多的含氧空气作治疗。,Watching and Doing,Background Information about Medical Therapiesimmunotherapy 免疫疗法。通过给病人使用从另一个体或另一种群获得的抗体治疗疾病，也被称作被动疗法；或者通过使用对该病相应的抗原使病人获得免疫的方法治疗疾病，也被称作主动免疫疗法。supplementary X-ray therapy X 射线辅助疗法。该疗法是指对已经施行镭或其他放射性制剂治疗的某些器官或身体的某