高考英语完成句子之各种从句.docx

专题导读这里所说的从句包括名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)，状语从句和定语从句。与多项选择题不同，湖北卷完成句子对从句的考查非常复杂，它不单纯考查连接词，还涉及谓语动词的时态、语态以及词的搭配。试题一般不给出连接词，而是把连接词也作为考查的测试点之一。因此考查的综合性强，难度也比较大。回顾近五年的高考试题，各种从句的考查几乎全都涉及。2009年对“介词 关系代词”的考查、2010年对as引导的定语从句的考查都是很有难度的。答题时要善于结合语境和题意，正确判断各种从句以及相对应的连接词，并能兼顾其他知识综合考虑，这是至关重要的。定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中，都是考查的热点。五年高考已考测试点 同位语从句中的虚拟语气；主语从句及时态；宾语从句的时态和语序；状语从句的引导词及时态；定语从句中关系词的运用。考点聚焦 定语从句考点(1)关系代词as和which 在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。二者的区别主要在于：as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以插入句中，常有“正如，正像”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，常译为“这”。 若先行词有such, the same, so adj.a/an等修饰时，用as充当关系代词引导定语从句，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。 考点(2)“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。 “介词关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词修饰，且有时这些数词或代词也可以放在“介词关系代词”之后。如： He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him. 介词which/whom to do结构。这种结构可以改为：介词which/whom定语从句。如： I dont have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.I dont have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress. 考点(3)关系词whose whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语， 后跟名词。指物时，whose名词 the 名词 of which/ of which the 名词。还原为： the 名词of 先行词/先行词s 名词。如：The classroom whose door/ the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor. (whose在从句中作定语，修饰door，定语从句可还原为：The door of the classroom is broken. ) 考点(4)关系副词when/where/why 关系副词的分类和作用： when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；when表示时间的介词(in/at/on/during)which。 where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where表示地点的介词(in/at/on/under)which。 why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语， why表示原因的介词(for)which。 以the way为先行词的定语从句，若way 在句中表示方式状语，则由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如： The way (in which/that) he answered the question was surprising. (in which/that在从句中充当状语)注意：The way (which/that) he explained to us was quite simple.( which/that在从句中充当宾语) 有时为了表达更清楚，可以在关系副词where/when前加上介词to, from等。如： China is the birthplace of kites, from where kites spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语用that/which，作状语用where/when/介词which。考点(5)定语从句中的主谓一致 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. one of 复数名词 关系代词 复数动词；而the only one of 复数名词 关系代词 单数动词。如： Harry Potter is one of the bestsellers that are popular with teenagers. Harry Potter is the only one of the bestsellers that makes the author a billionaire. 名词性从句 考点(1)引导名词性从句的连接词 1. 常见的连接词如下： that。that从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that 不能省略，没有具体的汉语意思，不充当句子成分。 whether。whether从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”。 注意：if 只可以连接动词(discuss除外)后的宾语从句。即：确定意思是“是否”的前提下，名词性从句的连接词优先选用whether。特殊疑问词。特殊疑问词引导的从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。 2名词性从句中难点、重点的连接词： where 可表示抽象意义，“的地方，点”；when 可表示“的时候”。 what 引导名词性从句时，可视上下文理解为the 名词that如：whatthe thing that/anything that；whatthe place that；whatthe time that；whatthe person that固定句型：A is to B what C is to D 小结：名词性从句不完整时，如缺主语、宾语、表语时，用what引导。 whoever 引导名词性从句时，whoeveranybody who whatever引导名词性从句时，whateveranything that whichever 引导名词性从句时，whicheverany名词that Whoever (Anybody who) breaks the law will be punished.考点(2)名词性从句中的语气 在It is necessary/natural/important/strangethat从句中，从句中的谓语动词用“should原形动词”表虚拟语气，且should可省略。 表示“建议、命令、要求”意义的动词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should原形动词”，且should可省略。 表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，should可以省略。这类名词有：advice，agreement，command，decision，demand, determination，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement等。 考点(3)名词性从句中的时态 主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。 考点(4) 形式主语和形式宾语it 主语从句作句子主语，为平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，用it 作形式主语；同理，宾语从句作宾语，为平衡句子结构，避免句子中间臃肿，用it 作形式宾语，使句子瘦身。it所代替的真正的主语从句或宾语从句则放在句子的最后面。考点(5)引导词that与what的区别 what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，这时what相当于all that/everything that等，常译成“所的(东西、事情、话等)”；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。如： What we cant get seems better than what we have. That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.状语从句 考点(1) 状语从句的时态 高考主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。 考点(2)状语从句的结构 高考主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句，如no matter疑问词，whatever，however，as引导的让步状语从句；“the比较级，the比较级”中的比较状语从句等。考点(3)状语从句的省略 在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is形容词”，也可以省略it is。 考点(4)从属连词的选择和辨析 高考重点考查引导状语从句的从属连词，如引导时间状语从句的immediately，the moment，every time，once；引导条件状语从句的as long as；引导原因状语从句的now that，since；引导让步状语从句的even if，even though；引导目的状语从句的in case，in order that等。考点(5)where引导地点状语从句 where引导的地点状语从句和where引导的定语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句的区别。如： The flower grows best where it often rains.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(地点状语从句)The flower grows best in the place where it often rains.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(定语从句)12011湖北卷 _(令球迷欣喜的)was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. (delight)1What delighted the fans考查主语从句和动词时态。本句是主语从句，句子缺少主语，所以选择what。由此可知答案为What delighted the fans。22011湖北卷 Be careful! The machine starts _(你一按)the button. (moment)2the moment you press考查状语从句和动词时态。the moment意为“一就”，是一个习惯用法，据此可知答案是the moment you press。本题还间接考查从句的时态。 32010湖北卷 _(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)3as we have stressed考查非限定性定语从句。当句子以整个主句作为先行词，又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 “as”来引导，主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语，再根据many times 可知答案为as we have stressed。42010湖北卷 My mother was so proud of all _(我所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)4that I had done考查定语从句。先行词是 “all”的时候，定语从句只能由 “that”引导，又因为主句是一般过去时，“我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情，所以要用过去完成时，由此可知答案为that I had done。52010湖北卷 The news _(房价将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)5that the house prices will fall考查同位语从句。用 “that” 引导同位语从句，“房价”译成 “house price”。由此可知答案为that the house prices will fall。62009湖北卷 Such knowledge is still useful _(当应用) to similar situations in other countries. (when)6when (it is) applied考查状语从句。从题干的搭配看，“应用”要表达为apply A to B；当状语从句的主、从句主语一致时，可用完整的状语从句或“连词非谓语动词”来表达， 由此可知答案为when (it is) applied。7Learning strategies, to _ (老师们认为) importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach) 7which (the) teachers attach/have attached考查定语从句。根据结构可知此处应使用非限制性定语从句，提示词attach以及空格前后的to和importance暗示应使用attach importance to的短语，故完整答案为which (the) teachers attach/have attached。 82009湖北卷 After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that _ (它着陆) as scheduled the next day. (land) 8it (should) land考查同位语从句及虚拟语气。此处的同位语从句为command的具体内容，故应使用that引导；当command后面接名词性从句，从句使用虚拟语气，使用“(should)动词原形”，由此可知答案为 it (should) land。1We hope the measures to control house prices,_， will succeed. (take)我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。1(which are )taken by the government 过去分词短语作后置定语,采取措施是被动关系.2This letter was returned because the person to _ had died three years ago. (address)信被打回来了因为收信人在三年前就死了。2whom it was addressed 考查定语从句, be addressed to sb 某人收信3.I dont like the way _ to speak to me. (use)我不喜欢他跟我说话的方式。3(that/which) he uses 考查定语从句,way 作宾语4It was the skills _ at his training period that enabled him to get such a high post in that world-famous company. (acquire)正是他在培训期间获得的技能使他能在那家世界著名的公司里得到如此高的一个职位。4(that/which) he had acquired 在强调句中队定语从句的考查,注意过去完成时的时态问题.5The letter for _ is from his former head teacher. (wait)那封他期盼已久的信来自他以前的班主任。5which he has been waiting 其中letter充当定语从句中的宾语成分,加上对现在完成进行时的考查.6After graduation from high school we will reach a point _ which university to attend. (decide)高中毕业后我们就不得不决定要上哪所大学。6where we have to decide 考查定语从句中模糊地点状语 point.注意在这里point不充当主语和宾语.7.It was in the lab which was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _.(do)他们正在由张教授负责的那个实验室里做实验。7that they were doing the experiment 注意区别定语从句和强调句结构,这里考查强调句,that是强调句引导词.8_， it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded. (report)正如报道的那样，清华大学已经建校一百年了。8As is reported 考查非限定性定语从句,as 指代后面句子的内容,由于是被报道,所以是被动形式.9She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ with each other. (allow)她有给学生创造自由交流氛围的天赋。9which allows them to communicate freely 难点在于读懂句子,找准修饰的名词 atmosphere10She showed the visitors around the museum，_ had taken more than three years. (construction)她带领游客参观了那个花了三年多才建成的博物馆。10the construction of which/whose construction 考查非限定性定语从句,修饰museum,充当construction 的定语.11The school shop，_，is closed for the holidays. (customer)学校商店,其顾客大多是学生,在假期是不营业的.11.whose customers are mainly students 考查非限定性定语从句,修饰school shop,充当customers的定语.12English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _somewhat differently. (use)英语是一门由不同文化所共享的语言,每一种文化使用它时都会有些许的不同.12each of which uses it 考查非限定性定语从句,修饰culture,注意谓语形式.13When the news came_(战争爆发), he decided to serve in the army. (break)当战争爆发的消息传来, 他决定去参军.13that the war broke out 考查同位语从句,说明news的内容,战争爆发在过去.14.It is still under discussion _with a modern hotel or not. (replace)是否用一个现代化的旅馆来取代老车站仍然在讨论中.14whether the old bus station should be replaced 考查主语从句,it 做形式主语,whether引导的从句做真正主语.15When reports came to the office _, they were not taken seriously. (sink)当轮船沉没了的报告送到办公室,报告并没有被严肃对待.15that the ship had