StructuresinUse、GrammarinUse.doc

过去分词作定语和表语一、过去分词作定语及物动词的过去分词作定语时，一般表被动的和完成的动作；而不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成的动作。如：Joe always has milk and fried egg for breakfast.How much does the finished product cost?The path is covered by fallen leaves.My new neighbour is a seventy-three-year-old retired teacher fromFlorida.单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。如：You can use fresh or frozen fish.What is the language spoken in that country? = What is the language that is spoken in that country?The play put on by the teachers was a big success. = The play that had been put on by the teachers was a big success.注意：如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词时，即使是单个的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词之后。如：There isnt anything left in that desk.过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号隔开。如：Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, have never seen a train. = Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, have never seen a train.【拓展】done, to be done和being done作定语的区别：它们都可作定语，表示被动意义，但时间含义上有所不同。过去分词表示的被动的动作已完成；不定式的被动式表示的被动的动作将要发生；动词-ing形式的被动式表示的被动的动作正在进行。如：Do you know the number of books ordered by Kevin?My brother will take part in the football match to be held next week.What do you think of the meeting being held inVienna?二、过去分词作表语过去分词可用在be, keep, remain, stay, seem, appear, look, feel, get等系动词后作表语，用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征等。如：Im afraid Im slightly drunk.The children seemed pleased at the result of the game.【拓展】英语里有许多表示“情绪变化”的动词，如amuse, bore, interest, disappoint, encourage, excite, frighten, inspire, move, please, satisfy, surprise, worry等，它们的动词-ing形式和过去分词均可在句中作定语或表语，相当于形容词，但意义和用法却有着很大区别。动词-ing形式往往表示其修饰对象所具有的特征，常译为“令人的”；过去分词多表示其修饰对象所处的心理状态，常译为“感到的”。如：This years sales figures were very disappointing.The manager was very disappointed at this years sales figures.【即学即练】用括号内动词的正确形式填空。Traveler:Excuse me. Can you tell me when the next flight 1. _ (go) toLos Angelesleaves?Agent:That would be the six oclock flight.Traveler:No, I want a flight that leaves in thirty minutes.Agent:Im afraid the five oclock flight 2. _ (require) by you is full.Traveler:Oh, no!Agent:Dont be so 3. _ (disappoint). I am sure that the flight that leaves at six oclock has open seats.Traveler:OK. Ill take that one.Agent:Do you want a seat next to the window or on the aisle (过道)?Traveler:Id like a window seat please. Do you have one 4. _ (locate) in the tail section?Agent:Let me see . Yes, I do. OK. Here you are. The 5. _ (board) pass that I am giving you is for seat number29C.Traveler:Thank you. This is a