初中英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时.docx

现 在 完 成 时人教版八下 英语 教师：王维云一、 现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“助动词have(has)+过去分词”构成。其否定句在have/has后加not,have not常简略为havent/hvnt/,has not常简略为 hast/hznt/。一般疑问句把have/has提到主语前。二、 现在完成时的用法1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）I have just had my breakfast.（对现在 的影响：不饿。）注意：通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just（刚刚），already（已经），before，yet（一般疑问句：已经；否定句：还），never，ever等状语连用。I have never heard of that before.Have you ever ridden a horse ?She has already finished the work.Have you milked the cow yet?Yes,I have done that already.Ive just finished my homework.He has not come yet.2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能持续下去的动作或状态。通常和for（短时间），since（点时间）引导的时间状语连用。以及so far，by now，these days，in the last ten years等连用。I have been here for just over tow years.He has worked here since 1989.I havent seen her these days.She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990.What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?三、 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：yesterday,last night,three weeks ago,in 1990等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和上述表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容。）I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影。（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）He has lived here since 1992.1992年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里。）He lived here in 1992.1992年他住在这里。（不涉及他现在是否还住在这里。）四、 非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,get to work,go,jion,leave,marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have,keep等来代替非延续性动词。例如：他入党五年了。He jioned the Party five years ago.He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.It is /has been five years since he jioned the Party.瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换come/gobe(in) leavebe awayborrowkeep buyhavediebe dead get to knowknowbeginbe on go outbe offarrivebe here/theremarry/get marriedbe marriedfall asleep/get to sleepbe asleepjion the Partybe in the Party/be a member of五、 have been in,have been to与have gone to的用法。1、have(has)been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里 。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years.他们到加拿大已经有五年了。2、have(has)been to 表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never 等词连用。例如：I have just been to the post office.我刚才去了邮局。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？have(has)been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)go