life in the future 学案 Grammar.t.doc

高二英语必修五导学案 班级_ 小组_ 姓名_ 教师评价：_ 使用时间： 编制：豆兰兰 审核： 审批： 学 案 装 订 线 Unit 3 Life in the Future 编号 ：07Grammar V-ed 过去分词作状语【使用说明与学法指导】1.请同学们认真阅读预习案和探究案要求，划出重要知识，规范完成学案预习自学内容并熟记基础知识，用红色笔做好疑难标记。2.联系课本知识和学过的知识，小组合作、讨论完成学案合作探究内容；组长负责，拿出讨论结果，准备展示、点评。3.及时整理展示、点评结果，规范完成学案当堂巩固练习，改正完善并落实好学案所有内容。【学习目标】1通过语法预习案的学习，了解过去分词在句中所做的成分。2.自主学习、合作探究，总结和归纳过去分词形式的用法。3.激情投入、全力以赴体验探究快乐。 预习案1.I like reading the novels _ (write ) by Zhang Ailing. written2. The girl _ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin. writing3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _ (repair). repaired4.He spoke loudly in order to make himself _ (hear). heard5. I found the little girl _ (cry) at the corner. crying6. I want the doors of my new house _ (paint) white. painted7.There was a _ (surprise) look on his face. surprised8. He was _ (excite) at the good news. excited9. The story was so_ (move) that he was _ (move) to tears. moving moved探究案1.【观察例句】 从课文中找出与划线句子意思相同的句子。As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. _, I was unsettled for the first few days.While I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. _, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.As I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. _, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.【自我归纳】从上述例句总结出，过去分词在句中可以作_,进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语通常就是_,过去分词与主语之间是_关系。2. 【知识精析】过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，表明原因、时间、条件等。(1)作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为as，since或because等引导的状语从句。Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Because he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder._.As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder. (2)作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时，可转换为when，while或after等引导的状语从句。Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen from the hill，it looks like a garden.Dont speak until spoken to.Dont speak until you are spoken to.(3)作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的状语从句。Given more time，I would have worked out the problem.If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.Once published，the dictionary will be very popular.Once it is published，the dictionary will be very popular.Compared with your progress，mine is nothing._.If my progress is compared with yours，it is nothing.(4)作伴随状语过去分词作伴随状语时，一般可转换为并列结构。Aunt Wu came in，followed by her daughter.Aunt Wu came in，and (she) was followed by her daughter.The teacher came in，followed by some students._.The teacher came in and was followed by some students. (5)作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的状语从句。Although exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey.Although we were exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey.The dog remained faithful to its owner though treated badly.The dog remained faithful to its owner though it was treated badly.Beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged._.Though they were beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged.(6)作方式状语过去分词作方式状语时，如有连词as if，就可转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则可转换为并列结构。He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.He began to cry as if he were bitten by a snake.【小试牛刀】把下列划线部分中的状语改写成状语从句。 Asked what had happened, he told us about it._, he told us about it. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures._, he received many invitations to give lectures. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better._, we would be able to do the work much better. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers._, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor._, she decided to become a doctor. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all._, Sam did not feel afraid at all. United we stand, divided we fail._, we stand. _, we fail.答案：When he was asked what had happened Because he was well known for his expert advice If we were given more time Once it was translated into ChineseBecause she was deeply interested in medicineAlthough he was left alone at home,If we are united if we are divided 3.【注意】(1)分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。Her grandfather being ill，she had to stay at home looking after him.Time permitting，you can pay a visit to some places of interest in Hangzhou.The work finished，we went home.(2)speaking和judging作悬垂状语时，不需和句子的主语保持一致。Generally speaking，women live longer than men.一般来说，女人比男人长寿。Strictly speaking，it isnt a correct answer.严格地说，这不是正确答案。Judging by her look，she was disappointed.从她的表情看，她很失望。(3)considering “考虑到”，形式上是分词，可以用作介词。Considering the distance，he arrived early.考虑到这么远的路程，他是来得早的。(4)given“考虑到”，“如果有”，形式上是分词，可以用作介词。Given the chance，I would come to see you in Australia.如果有机会，我愿意来澳大利亚看你。Given their inexperience，they have done a good job.考虑到他们没有经验，他们已经干得很好了。Given the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.考虑到他的健康状况，手术后康复还需要一段时间。4现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别（1）过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。Asked why he was late，he cried.被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。Looking out of the window，I saw some students playing there.我朝窗外望去，看见几个学生在那边玩耍。Following the old man, we went upstairs.we followed 跟着那个老人, 我们上去了。 Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. 被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了。【小试牛刀】( )（1）_ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen( )（2）_ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen( )（3）_for a long time, the book looks old. A. Using B. Used C. To use D. Use( ) (4) _ the book, I find it useful. A. Using B. Used C. To use D. Use( ) (5) _ at her, he jumped with joy.A. Look B. Looking C. Looked D. To look( ) (6)_ at by her, he jumped with joy.A. Look B. Looking C. Looked D. To look(2) 有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有：satisfied，surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed等。Disappointed at the examination results，the girl stood there without saying a word.因为对考试结果很失望，女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。【检测案】1_ black and blue, the lady couldnt move. ABeaten BBeating CTo be beaten DTo beat2_ everywhere, the wolves had no where _ themselves. AHunting, hiding BTo hunt, to hide CHunted, hiding DHunted, to hide3. The teacher walked to lab, _. A. followed by his students Bhis students followed Cand followed by his students Dboth A and B 4When _ into the warm room, ice soon changes into water. A.heating and taking B.heated, and taking C.heating or taken D. heated or taken5. _not to miss the early train，we got up ahead of time and hurried to the station.AReminding BRemindedCTo remind DHaving reminded解析：考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语we，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词got up之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，故选B。答案：B6_in the traffic jam，he got to school very late this morning.AHaving caught BBe caughtCBeing caught DCaught解析：句意为：因为堵车，他今天早上上学迟到了很久。本句中用到了“be caught in”这个词组，表示“被困在中”。主句主语he与catch之间为被动关系，因此选D项。动词的过去分词结构作原因状语。答案：D7_in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of h