五年级英语1-6单元重要知识梳理.docx

五年级第一学期1-6单元重要知识汇总本资料使用方法：1、所有的笔记内容必须要求孩子背诵（想要孩子更优秀，一定要做），例子也要说出来2、单词音标的不强烈要求，会读出发音就行。3、所有的各个单元重要句子必须默写出来。笔记内容很多，一个单元一个单元的扎实过关，这不仅仅是1-6单元的知识，这可以一直用到6年级，甚至初中，所以帮助孩子，一定要扎实掌握。（备注，名词-n，动词-v，形容词-adj）刘老师Unit1名词所有格（s，译为：的）1. 单数直接加se.g. Tims book（Tim的书）2. 复数名词以s结尾，直接加e.g. students classroom（学生们的教室）teachers office3. 不以s结尾的复数名词加se.g. Childrens toys4. 其他值得注意的：共有的物品，只在最后的名词上加s：e.g. Alice and Pats room(Alice 和Pat共同的房间)分别拥有的物品，在每个名词后加s: e.g. Alices and Pats room（Alice和Pat各自的房间）几个特殊词组的用法：be afraid of + V.ing 害怕做某事e.g. Tim is afraid of staying at home alone.be good at + V.ing=do well in + V.ing 擅长做某事e.g. She is good at singing.=She does well in singing.部分由动词变化来的名词的特殊写法（请注意下划线）：runner swimmer两种职业的区别：lifeguard : save peopledoctor : help people重要句子：1.What do you want to be, Children?2.I want to be a pilot.3.I want to fly a plane in the sky.4.What does Kitty want to be?5.She wants to be a doctor.6.He is afraid of flying.7.He is not good at singing.8.Do you want to be a lifeguard?9.Yes, I do.10.No, I dont.Unit2各种交通工具：on foot by car/ bus/ bike/ underground/ subway/ metro/ plane/ train/ ship(表示交通工具时，中间不能加任何冠词，也不能在词尾加s)eg. by a car (x) by cars(x) by car() walk = on footby bus/ car/ train/ ship = take a bus/ car/ train/ shipby bike = ride a bikeeg. I come to school on foot.=I walk to school. I come to school by bus.= I take a bus to school. I come to school by car.= I take a car to school. I come to school by underground.= I take an underground to school. I go to school by bike.=I ride a bike to school. I run to school（单独使用）.代词表格人称代词一人称二人称三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyouhe/she/itthey宾格meusyouyouhim/her/itthem主格放句首，宾格放句中或句末。物主代词（译为.的）一人称二人称三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhis/her/itstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshis/hers/itstheirs形容词性的物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词eg. my book=mine our classroom=ours特殊：its=it is 它是its 它的特殊易错句子： She name is Happy.Her name is Happy. I am very like swimming.I like swimming very much. I like color is blue.My favorites color is blue. / I like blue.部分单词的音标future fju:t in the futurewant wnt v.（动词） to do sth 想要。（下划线部分为动词原形） I want to swim.Pilot palt I want to be / become a pilot.cook kk oo good look book cook cookie footoo u: food school room soon wood moontaxi driver tksi draivjob d:b n.sing s v. singer s(r) n.fall f:llifeguard lafg:d ar: star art farm large March armsave sevbecome bkmteacher i: meat tea sea eat leave bean beach speak e bread breakfast My family is five people. My family are five people.There are five people in my family.复数名词，没有单数形式：police, clothes, people对现在职业的提问：what do you do?= whatareyou?回答：Im a/an+职业.对将来职业的提问：What do you want to be?=whats your dream job?回答：I want to be a/an +职业.want to do=would like to do 想要做某事肯定句用and连接，否定句和疑问句用or连接。译为和.，或者 I dont like running and jumping.I dont like running or jumping.Child taldChildren tldrndrive dravdriver dravdance d:nsdancer d:nsnurse : purse cht child watch teach catchchk school Christmassnake snek蛇snack snk零食Subject科目n.，lesson课e to school 已经到学校，go to school 去学校路上How do you come to school?I come to school by +交通工具就近原则：There is +单数 There are +复数eg. There is a book and two pens on the desk.There are two pens and a book on the desk.（所有的肉、面包、液体都是不可数名词）by ba buy, fly, sky i: happy, easyprimary pramrischool sku:ljourney d:niwalk :wall tall small fallunderground ndgrand mouth ,sound ,round ,shoutstation stenafter :ft 不发音的字母：hour, why, what, where, whichbus bs stop stpfar f:far from反义词near关于时间的表达：half an hour半个小时one /an hour一个小时one hour and a half 一个半小时=one and a half hourstwo hours and a half 两个半小时=two and a half hours花费时间:It takes sb. sometime to do sth.花费某人时间做某事e.g.It takes me an hour to finish my homework every day.重要句子：1.How do you come to school?2.I come to school on foot.3.I come to school on foot too.4.What about you, Peter?5.I come to school by bus.6.I live far from our school.7.Alice and I walk to school together.8.After half an hour, she gets off at Spring Street Bus Stop.Unit 3月份表以及缩写形式：一月 January dnjuri Jan.二月 February februri Feb.三月 March m:t Mar.四月 April eiprl Apr.五月 May mei May.六月 June du:n June.七月 July du:lai July.八月 Aguest :st Aug.九月 September sptemb Sept.十月 October ktub Oct.十一月 November nuvemb Nov.十二月 December disemb Dec.基数序数对应表(注意粗体单词)阿拉伯数字基数序数序数简写1onefirst1st2twosecond2nd3threethird3rd4fourfourth4th5fivefifth5th6sixsixth6th7sevenseventh7th8eighteighth8th9nineninth9th10tententh10th11eleveneleventh11th12twelvetwelfth12th13thirteenthirteenth13th14fourteenfourteenth14th15fifteenfifteenth15th16sixteensixteenth16th17seventeenseventeenth17th18eighteeneighteenth18th19nineteennineteenth19th20twentytwentieth20th30thirtythirtieth30th40fortyfortieth40th50fiftyfiftieth50th60sixtysixtieth60th70seventyseventieth70th80eightyeightieth80th90ninetyninetieth90th100one-hundredone hundredth100th基数词与序数词的用法区别：基数词+复数名词（1除外）序数词+单数名词e.g. five books the fifth book名词（大写）+基数词=the+序数词+名词eg. Turn to Page thirty-two(32)=turn to the thirty-second (32nd) page. Lesson two=the second lessonParty p:ti回答须用介词When对时间提问Where对地点提问 eg. Where do you live? In Shenzhen. When do you go to the park? At 2:00.Why为什么，对原因提问。回答用becauseWhat什么Who谁 对人提问How怎样（对事物进行评价:How is the city? 对人物是询问，关心:how are you?）Which哪个，通常用于选择疑问句Whose谁的（以上h都不发音）begin=start : 开始begin/start to do sth. 开始做某事eg. Lets begin to have a class.bring（带来） take（带走）th thin think thank thing this that father mother there theyhat have fun =enjoy oneself . 玩的开心，过得愉快。fun为不可数名词,e.g. Lets have fun!=Lets enjoy ourselves.Invite 邀请celebrate 庆祝Whens your birthday?My birthday is on JAN.3rd.onatin 时间介词的用法： on+具体日期,星期及特指的某一天 e.g. on September 15th /on Mondayin+年、月、季节 及In the morning/afternoon/evening固定短语at+时间点 及at noon , at night，at weekend固定短语询问日期两种表达方式的区别：Whats the date? Its September 26th.（回答不需要加介词）Whens Peters birthday?（用when提问，须用“介词+时间”回答）Its on September 26th.Orange adj.橙色的 n.可数名词，橙子 不可数名词，橙汁感官动词+形容词sound/look/taste/smell/feel（听起来/看起来/尝起来/闻起来/摸起来）e.g. This dish tastes_A_ A.good B.well C.better日期的三种表达方法，以9.26为例：1. September 26th2. September the 26th3. The 26th of September关于S后面跟上pkt的不同发音S+pb speak, spellS+kg sky,skateS+td study, stamp,stand,station发音：相同字母，前后位置发音的，打“F”，eg. ask skirt（F）相同字母，位置一致的，打“T”，eg. ask skirt（T）重要句子：1.Can you come to my birthday party, Joe?2.Sure. Whens your birthday?3.Its on 26thSeptember.4.What time does the party begin?5.It begins at two Oclock in the afternoon.6.Can you bring some orange things to the party?7.Orange is my favourite colour.8.Here are some orange things for you.9.That sounds interesting.10.I cant wait.11.Lets have some fun1-3单元重要句子：1.Whens your birthday?2.Its on 1stJanuary.3.Its on 10thJuly.4.What do you want to be?5.I want to be a pilot.6.What does he want to be?7.He wants to be a teacher.8.How do you come to school?9.I come to school on foot.10.How do you go to work?11.I go to work by bus.Unit 4动词的三单变化规律动词的三单变化规律：1) 直接加s eg.singsings2) 以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的，加es eg.do-does watch-watches wash-washes3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的，改y为i，再加es e.g. studystudies(元音字母：a,e,i,o,u 其他21个是辅音字母)元音字母加y结尾，不变。 e.g. play-playsplay+球类、棋类play+the+乐器类e.g. play football/chess, play the guitar/pianowriteto 写信给.live far from 住的离远 live near(to)住的离近go+ving去e.g. go fishing/shopping/swimming重要句子：1.What do you usually do with your grandparents?2.I usually play chess with my grandpa.3.My grandparents live in the UK.4.I often write emails to them.5.My grandparents live far from my home.6.I often visit them at the weekend.7.We like going to the park together.8.Do you play sport with your grandparents?9.Yes, I sometimes play table tennis with them.10.Hello, Grandpa. This is Mary.Unit5like+doing 喜欢做某事like +to do 喜欢做某事e.g.Alice likes playing football.the same 相同的+单数名词 different 不同的+复数名词e.g. We are in the same school, but different classes.help sb (to) do sth=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事e.g. I often help mum (to) cook dinner.=I often help mum with dinner.表示两者都：both，放句首时，通常用：both of表示三者或三者以上都：all,放句首时，通常用all(of)eg. Peter and I both like singing.=Both of us like singing.Alice, Peter and I all like singing.=All of us like singing.电话中我是：This is 你是： That isinteresting 有趣的，修饰物。interested 对有兴趣，修饰人。常用短语：be interested in对感兴趣。e.g. The book is interesting.I am interested in the book.boring令人厌烦的，无聊的，修饰物bored 厌烦的，无聊的，修饰人重要句子：1.Im Kitty. I have a friend.2.Her names Alice. Shes clever.3.Were in the same class.4.We both like sport.5.I like playing table tennis and Alice likes playing volleyball.6.We both like animals.7.I have a cat and Alice has a dog.8.We both like helping people.9.We sometimes help old people cross the street.10.We also carry heavy bags.11.We like each other.12.Were good friends.Unit 6用于电器类：turn on打开 turn off关掉 turn up调大 turn down调小tell a story=tell stories 讲故事read a book=read books 看书do ones homework 做家庭作业。ones 与主语一致e.g. She does her homework on time.一般现在时与现在进行时的区别区别一般现在时现在进行时定义经常性、习惯性的动作正在进行的动作时间词always，usually，often， sometimes ， never ， every ， on Sunday， in the morning/afternoon/evening 等Look/Listen(放句首)，now,前后文提示结构1.be 动词：am，is，are.（口诀：I接am,单数is,复数are）2.动词原形或第三人称 单数形式。 be（am/is/are）+ving（口诀：I接am,单数is,复数are）如何辨别两种时态：先找时间词，判断属于哪种时态，再根据时态的结构来完成句子。动词三单变化与ving的规律：动词的现在分词（v-ing）变化规律：1) 直接加-ing eg. work-working 2) 以不发音结尾的e，去e，再加ing eg.dancedancing3) 双写末尾字母，再加-ing。(目前孩子们只用记住下面这些单词即可：) getgetting run-running swim-swimming sit-sitting shop-shopping stop-stopping hop-hopping skip-skipping一般现在时与现在进行时在否定句和疑问句中的变化:1. 一般现在时变否定