高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit8ppt课件.ppt

高等院校研究生英语系列教材 综合教程 上 INTEGRATEDCOURSE Unit8 SmarterTransportation Content StartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProject Task1Workinpairs ChooseyourfavoritecarfromthecarsgivenonP220andtellyourpartnerwhyyoulikeitbest Startingout Task1 Task2Roleplay Workoutaconversationwithyourpartnerinwhichoneofyoudreamsofhavingacarandliststhebenefits whiletheotherplaystheopposingroleandcomplainsaboutthedamagecausedbycars Startingout Task2 Usefulwordsandexpressions Benefits convenient comfortable luxurious enjoyfreedom higherstandardofliving privacy independence takebettercareoftheyoungandtheaged protectedfrompickpockets Shortcomings jamtheroads energy consuming highcost emissions airpollution theftfromcarparks breakdowns stressfuldriving Startingout Task2 Startingout Task2 Task3Discusswithyourgroupmembershowtosolvetheproblemoftrafficcongestionincities Youmaygivesomesuggestionsonhowtoimprovetheroadsandtrafficregulationsandhowtomakecarssmartertoavoidbeingcaughtintrafficjams GPS GlobalPositioningSystem guidesdriverstotherightplacewithoutwonderingaboutonthestreets Carscanbemadesmaller too Thelatestconceptcarsarefoldableinordertosaveparkingspace Startingout Task2 TheHiddenDangerofSeatBelts ReadingFocus ReadingFocus Itiswell knownthatseatbeltisoneofthesafetymeasuresaimingtosavelives preventinjuries andreducecarcrashes Whydoesthewritersaythereare hiddendangers causedbybucklingseatbelts Wouldyougiveanexampletosupportthisstatement BackgroundInformation ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding It scommonknowledgethat But accordingtoJohnAdams Adamsexplainshisresearchintermsof Forexample seatbeltsmaycause andthusposerisksto Therearemanyfactorsthataffectrisk including Completethefollowingextract seatbeltsdecreaseour riskofdyinginanaccident therealityismessierandmorecomplicated thanthat riskcompensation peopletodrivemorerecklessly otherpassengersorpedestriansaswellasthemselves financial physicaloremotionalrewards Task2 Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext Key 2345678910 A B A A B B A B B A ReadingFocus DetailedInformation CriticalThinking ReadingFocus StepOneInthetext theauthorsaid Seatbeltsmayactuallycausepeopletodrivemorerecklessly Seatbeltssavelives Ayoungmanis100timesmorelikelytobeinvolvedinaseverecarcrashthanisamiddle agedwoman ReadingFocus CriticalThinking StepTwoDiscussingroups ReadingFocus CriticalThinking Whatsafetymeasureshavebeenincludedincardesigns WhydoesJohnAdamssaythatdrivingat3 00a m onaSundayoneismorethan100timesmorelikelytodiethansomeonedrivingat10 00a m Canyouexplainthissituationaccordingtotheriskcompensationtheory 1 Seatbeltsstilldecreaseourriskofdyinginanaccident butthestatisticsarenotallblackandwhite Para 1 blackandwhite 1 ofaphotograph film televisionprogramme orillustration inblack white shadesofgrey andnoothercoloure g oldblack and whitemovies2 ofasituationordebate involvingclearlydefinedopposingprinciplesorissuese g Itwasallgreyareas noblack and whitecertainties ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 2 Whathefoundwasthatcontrarytoconventionalwisdom mandatingtheuseofseatbeltsin18countriesresultedineithernochangeoractuallyanetincreaseinroadaccidentdeaths Para 2 mandate require something tobedone makemandatorye g Thegovernmentbeganmandatingbettercarsafety ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 3 Ifheiswearingaseatbeltandhiscarhasfrontandsideairbagsandanti skidbrakestoboot hemayinturndriveabitmoredaringly Para 3 toboot usedattheendofalistofremarkstoemphasizetheme g 1 Heiskind handsomeandwealthytoboot 2 Shewasagreatsportswoman andbeautifultoboot ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 4 Inthecaseofseatbelts insteadofasimple straightforwardreductionindeaths theendresultisactuallyamorecomplicatedredistributionofriskandfatalities Para 4 redistribute v togivesomethingtoeachmemberofagroupsothatitisdividedupinadifferentwayfrombefore再分配 再分发e g Theirprimaryconcernwastoredistributeincomefromrichtopoor ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 5 Consequently anysinglemeasurementassignedtotheriskofdrivingacarisboundtobeonlytheroughestsortofbenchmark Para 5 benchmark somethingthatisusedasastandardbywhichotherthingscanbejudgedormeasured基准e g 1 Thevaluationbecomesabenchmarkagainstwhichtojudgeotherprices 2 Testsattheageofsevenprovideabenchmarkagainstwhichthechild sprogressatschoolcanbemeasured ReadingFocus LanguagePoint Keytostep11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Task1Step1Matchthewordsintheleftcolumnwiththeircorrectmeaningsintherightcolumn Notethateachwordhasmorethanonemeaning e m c j b q g n a f l h i k o d p ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction boot bound fatal negotiate net theodds reward vacuum Step2 Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordorphraseandwritedownthecorrespondingmeaning markeda qinthetableabove attheendofeachsentence Changetheformifnecessary ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction Keytostep21 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 boot m vacuum p rewarded o reward k net f negotiating n odds h odds i Fatal b negotiations g Task2Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordorphrasefromeachgroup Changetheformifnecessary ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 1 blackandwhiteinblackandwhiteA Partoftheproblemisthatweonlyseetheissuesas B Onceit sdown youcan tforgetit C Istillgetathrillseeingre runsofold moviesonSaturdayafternoontelevision blackandwhite inblackandwhite black and white ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 2 onthescenebehindthescenessetthesceneA Theaccidentvictimdiedbeforetheambulancearrived B Foster beforetheperformancesothattheaudienceknowswhattoexpect C Womenmaketheircontributionintheworldeitherinhigh pro onthescene setthescene behindthescene ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 3 makeadifferencemakeallthedifferencemakeanydifferencemakenodifferenceA Hetoldmeheshouldhavebeenmorecareful butthatitwould B Thelightingwill tohowwellpeoplecanseethepicture C Willexercise tomychancesofgettingfat D Afewkindwordsattherighttime makenodifference makeadifference makeanydifference makeallthedifference ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 4 workonworkoutworkagainstA Ifyou itsteadilyyoushouldwinthroughintheend B Criticisingthesecurityproceduresusually makingthemeffective C Whydon tyouleavehimheretillyouseehowthings workon workagainst workout ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 5 spreadoutspreadthroughspreadtoA Buddhism ChinafromIndia B Felixwatchedhismen tocoverthewholearea C Amassmovementagainstforcedlabor thestate spreadto spreadout spreadthrough PracticalTranslation 翻译词汇时最忌讳的可以说是一个词对应一个词地 死译 即不考虑词的深层含义以及词在短语中的含义 而是生搬硬套地逐词翻译 从而曲解了原文 翻译一个词 必须先理解它在上下文中所处的地位及与其他词的搭配关系再进行贴切的翻译 翻译词汇应注意如下三方面的问题 1 一词多义 有时单词在不同的上下文中含义不同 应注意利用上下文加以区别2 短语的含义 在一些固定搭配的短语里 词义也会相应地发生变化 应注意积累这一类短语 3 两种语言的文化背景差异 词汇的翻译 Sometimes psychographicprofilescanbequitedetailed TaketheAccord HondaMotorreportsthatthecar sownersliketovacuumtheirgarages Youcan tsaythey renotclean 有时候 心理剖析可以非常详细 以 雅阁 为例 本田汽车报告称 雅阁 汽车的主人喜欢用吸尘器打扫他们的车库 你不能说他们不干净 点评 在翻译专有名词时 使用其约定俗成的名称 TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese 2 Wealsofoundthatsometimesmessagessentoutbyseeminglysimilarcarscanbequitedifferent ConsidertwopremierBritishluxurysedans Bentley sArnageandRolls Phantom Botharestatelyandfast buteachoneattractsadifferentkindofcustomer 我们还发现 有时看上去类似的汽车可能传达了完全不同的信息 比如英国最好的两种豪华轿车 宾利公司的 雅致 和劳斯莱斯公司的 幻影 两者都是高贵而快捷 但它们却各自吸引了不同类型的客户 点评 在翻译专有名词时 使用其约定俗成的名称 3 TheBentleybuyerwantsanunderstatedheirloomthatheorshecanpassdownthroughthegenerations over80 ofallBentleysevermadearestillontheroadtoday ThePhantombuyer ontheotherhand islookingforinstantrecognition Thecarhasapresencethatreallydemandsattentionwhereveritgoes 宾利的买主想要的是低调的 但是可以在几代人之间世代相传的传家宝 有史以来所生产的宾利 80 以上至今仍跑在路上 然而 幻影 的买家却期盼一夜成名 该车的外表使得它所到之处无不引人注目 点评 这里 将instantrecognition译为 一夜成名 使译文更加简洁 ABibliography FocusedWriting Thereareanumberofdifferentstylesofbibliographyoftenusedfordifferenttypesoftext asfollows APA forpsychology education andothersocialsciences MLA forliterature arts andhumanities AMA formedicine health andbiologicalsciences Turabian designedforcollegestudentstousewithallsubjects Chicago usedwithallsubjectsinthe realworld bybooks magazines newspapers andothernon scholarlypublications FocusedWriting WritingSkill Thereisaclearformattofollowinanystyleofbibliography Takeforexample rulesoftheChicagostyle FocusedWriting WritingSkill Listentriesinalphabeticalorder donotnumberthem Ifthenameoftheauthorisunknown usethetitletoalphabetize Besuretoignorethewords The A and An ifthetitlebeginswiththem Forexample TheSinkingoftheTitanic ifithasnoauthor shouldbealphabetizedunder Sinking Keepcapitalizationconsistent Capitalizeeachwordinatitle evenifthetitleintheoriginalarticleisnotcapitalized Doublespacebetweensources singlespacewithineachentry Indentthesecondandallsucceedinglinesforeachentry Use n p toindicate noplace whenthereisnolocationgivenforthepublisher FocusedWriting WritingSkill Someparticularrulesofcitingdifferentsources Citingaprintedbook FocusedWriting WritingSkill Author slastname firstname followedbyaperiod Titleofthebook italicizedorunderlined followedbyaperiod Cityofpublication followedbyacolon Nameofthepublisher followedbyacomma Dateofpublication followedbyaperiod Forexample Waterman Jonathan ArcticCrossing AJourneyThroughtheNorthwestPassageandInuitCulture NewYork AlfredAKnopf 2001 FocusedWriting WritingSkill CitinganonlinebookAuthor slastname firstname followedbyaperiodTitleofthebook italicizedorunderlined followedbyaperiodCityofpublication followedbyacolonNameofthepublisher followedbyacommaDateofpublication followedbyaperiodThewords Availablefrom andthetitleofthesite followedbyacommaHostAccessdatewithinparenthese followedbyaperiod FocusedWriting WritingSkill Forexample Honey Maureen BitterFruit AfricanAmericanWomeninWorldWarII Columbia MO UniversityofMissouriPress 1999 Availablefrom PeninsulaLibrarySystemNetLibrary accessed22March2005 FocusedWriting WritingSkill CitingaprintedencyclopediaTitleofencyclopediainitalics followedbyaperiodandaspaceEditionifknown abbreviated followedbyaperiodandaspaceTheletterss v meaning undertheword followedbyaspaceTheheadingfortheencyclopedicentry followedbyaperiodandwithinquotationmarks FocusedWriting WritingSkill Forexample WorldBookEncyclopedia 2003ed s v IndustrialRevolution EncyclopediaofModernAsia Ed DavidLevinson KarenChristenson NewYork CharlesScribner sSons 2002 s v Indo ChinaWar FocusedWriting WritingSkill CitinganonlineencyclopediaTitleofencyclopediainitalics followedbyaperiodandaspaceEditionifknown abbreviated followedbyaperiodandaspaceTheletterss v meaning undertheword followedbyaspaceTheheadingfortheencyclopedicentry followedbyaperiodandwithinquotationmarksThewords Availablefrom followedbyacolonIfapaidsubscription providethenameofthesponsoringorganization abbreviateLibraryasLib URLofsponsoringorganization oroffreeonlineencyclopedia withinbrackets followedbyaspaceAccessdatewithinparentheses followedbyaperiod FocusedWriting WritingSkill Forexample EncyclopediaBritannicaOnline s v JohnLennon Availablefrom MenloSchoolLib accessed8December2005 FocusedWriting WritingSkill Citingaprintedperiodical Author slastname firstname followedbyaperiod Titleofarticle inquotationmarks followedbyaperiod Nameofperiodical italicized followedbyaspace Volumenumber ifavailable inArabicnumerals followedbyacomma Datepublishedinparentheses followedbyacolon Pagesused followedbyaperiod FocusedWriting WritingSkill Forexample Gorman Christina TheAvianFlu HowScaredShouldWeBe Time166 no 16 17October2005 30 34 FocusedWriting WritingSkill CitingaspeechAuthor slastname firstname followedbyaperiodandaspaceTitleofspeech followedbyaperiod inquotationmarksTypeofspeech lecture keynoteaddress etc followedbyacommaandaspaceCircumstancesofspeech annualmeeting boardpresentation governmentproceedings etc followedbyacommaandaspaceLocationofspeech includinginstitutionifavailable followedbyacommaandaspaceDate speechwaspresented followedbyaperiod FocusedWriting WritingSkill Forexample Schafer John 2025 Lecture MenloSchool Atherton CA 3December2005 FocusedWriting WritingSkill CitingawebpagewithanauthorAuthor slastname firstname followedbyaperiodTitleofwebsiteinquotationmarks followedbyaspaceWebsitecreationdat