定语从句的考点讲解和训练

本资料来源于本资料来源于 七彩教育网七彩教育网 2010 年中考英语复习年中考英语复习 定语从句的考点讲解和训练定语从句的考点讲解和训练 考点扫描 中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面 1 定语从句的功用和结构 2 关系代词和关系副词的功用 3 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 考查的主要形式是单项填空 完型填空 短文填空和完成句子 阅 读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句 名师精讲名师精讲 一一 定语从句的功用和结构定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 被定 从句修饰的词叫做先行词 定语从句必须放在先行词之后 引导定 语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词 例如 This is the present that he gave me for my birthday Do you know everybody who came to the party I still remember the night when I first came to the village This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived 二二 关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句 在先行词和定语从句 之间起纽带作用 使二者联系起来 关系代词和关系副词又在定语 从句中充当一个成分 关系待客做主语 宾语 定语 关系副词可 作状语 1 作主语 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 从句的谓语动词的 人称和数须和先行词一致 例如 I don t like people who talk much but do little The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well 2 作宾语 She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape 3 作定语 关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语用 例如 What s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard 4 作状语 I ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing This is the house where I was born 三三 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1 who 指人 在定语从句中作主语 例如 The person who broke the window must pay for it The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever 2 whom 指人 在定语从句中作宾语 例如 Do you know the young man whom we met at the gate Mr Lee whom you want to see has come 3 whose 指人 在定语从句中作定语 例如 The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today I know the boy whose father is a professor 4 which 指物 在定语从中作主语或宾语 例如 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words Here is the book which the teacher mentioned yesterday 5 that 多指物 有时也指人 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 例如 I ve read the newspaper that which carries the important news Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there 6 when 指时间 在定语从句中作状语 例如 I ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left 7 where 指地点 在定语从句中作状语 例如 This is the house where we lived last year The factory where his father works is in the east of the city 四 关系代词的用法 1 that 既可以用于指人 也可以用于指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 作主语时不可省略 作宾语可省略 例如 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐 that 作主语 The coat that I put on the desk is blue 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的 that 作宾语 2 which 用于指物 在句中作主语或宾语 作主语不可省略 作宾语可省略 例如 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket 位于火车站附近的那座大 楼是一家超市 作主语 The film which we saw last night was wonderful 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看 作宾语 3 who whom 用于指人 who 用作主语 whom 用作宾语 在口语中 有时可用 who 代 替 whom 也可省略 例如 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England 经常在英语方面帮助我的那 个女孩是英国的 The city that she lives in is very far away 她居住的城市非常远 4 关系词只能用 that 的情况 a 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 或本身是序数词 基数词 形容词最高级 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 He was the first person that passed the exam 他是第一个通过考试的人 b 被修饰的先行词为 all any much many everything anything none the one 等不定代词时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 c 先行词被 the only the very the same the last little few 等词修饰时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 This is the same bike that I lost 这就是我丢的那辆自行车 d 先行词里同时含有人或物时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room 我能清楚记得我 在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片 e 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句 为避免重复 只能用 that 例如 Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 f 主句是 there be 结构 修饰主语的定语从句用 that 而不用 which 例如 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom 桌子上那本书是汤姆的 5 关系词只能用 which 而不用 that 的情况 a 先行词为 that those 时 用 which 而不用 that 例如 What s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 b 关系代词前有介词时 一般用 which 而不用 that 例如 This is the room in which he lives 这是他居住的房间 c 引导非限制性定语从句 用 which 而不用 that 例如 Tom came back which made us happy 汤姆回来了 这使我们很高兴 五 关系副词的用法 1 when 指时间 其先行词表示时间 在句中作时间状语 例如 This was the time when he arrived 这是他到达的时间 2 where 指地点 其先行词表示地点 在句中作地点状语 例如 This is place where he works 这是他工作的地点 3 why 指原因 其先行词是原因 起原因状语作用 例如 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到 四四 关系代词关系代词 whom which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时 可以和在定语从句中作介词宾语时 可以和 介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间 有时为了关系紧凑也可介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间 有时为了关系紧凑也可 以将以将 whom 与与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写 而将介词置于定与先行词紧挨着书写 而将介词置于定 语从句的后面 如 语从句的后面 如 That was the room in which we had lived for ten years That was the room which we had lived in for ten years 五五 具体使用时还要注意下列问题 具体使用时还要注意下列问题 1 只能使用 that 不用 which 的情况 1 先行词是 all few little nothing everything anything 等不定 代词时 例如 All that he said is true 2 先行词被 the only the same the last the very any all 等词修 饰时 例如 He is the only foreigner that has been to that place 3 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词 例如 He was the second person that told me the secret 4 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词 This is the best book that I have read this year 5 先行词既包括人又包括物时 例如 He talked about the people and the things he remembered 2 不用 that 的情况 1 在非限制性定语从中 例如 The meeting was put off which was exactly what we wanted 2 定语从句由介词 关系代词引导 例如 The thing about which he is talking is of great importance 中考范例中考范例 1 2004 年哈尔滨中考试题 Does the teacher know everybody planted the trees Yes he does A which B whose C where D who 解析解析 答案 D 该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选 择 因为先行词是人 而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语 所以 只有 who 合适 2 2004 年常州市中考试题 The letter I received from him yesterday is very important A who B where C what D that 解析解析 答案 D 该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择 因为先行词是物 而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 所以只有 that 合适 3 2004 年扬州市中考试题 Where is the scientist gave us the talk yesterday He has gone back to Qinghua University A whom B who C whose D which 解析解析 答案 B 该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选 择 因为先行词是人 而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语 所以 只有 who 合适 4 2004 年益阳市中考试题 I hate people talk much but do little A whose B whom C which D who 解析解析 答案 D 该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选 择 因为先行词是人 而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语 所以 只有 who 合适 满分演练满分演练 一 单项填空 1 Who is the man was talking to our English teacher Oh It s Mr Baker our maths teacher A who B that C whom D which 2 I hate the people don t help others when they are in trouble A who B which C they D where 3 The foreigner visited our school is from Canada A which B when C who D whom 4 George Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing A who B whom C he D which 5 This is the place I have ever visited A there B when C where D which 6 Nobody knows the reason she didn t come to the meeting A that B which C why D when 7 The moon is a world there is no life A that B which C where D why 8 He has forgotten the day he arrived A when B where C that D which 9 He still remembers the days he spent with your family A when B where C that D on which 10 Mr White car had been stolen came to the policeman A who B that C whose D which 11 He got to the village his family once lived before liberation A that B which C when D where 12 This is the house I want to buy A in which B that C whose D where 13 This is the house our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked A which B that C when D where 14 He didn t tell me the place he was born A that B which C when D where 15 He lived in a small village was a long way from the railway station A that B which C where D when 二 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 1 The boy is my younger brother He was here a minute ago 2 The old man is a professor He teaches chemistry in a college 3 Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square The foreign visitors live there 4 The woman is here now You were talking about her 5 This is the hall We listened to the report in it the other day 6 The car was going 90 miles an hour The car just passed us 7 The man waved to us The man was my uncle 8 I enjoyed reading the book You gave me a book last week 9 I prefer the subject The subject is science 10 I spoke to the man The man is a professor 三 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1 The house we live in is very big 2 The boy is wearing the black jacket is very clever 3 This is the present he gave me for my birthday 4 The man talked to you just now is an engineer 5 He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited 6 There is nothing in the world can frighten him 7 She wears a gold ring is very unc