英语被动语态总结

英语被动语态总结与练习英语被动语态总结与练习 一 被动语态的构成形式一 被动语态的构成形式 1 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 被动语态由 be 过去分词 构成 be 随时态的变化而变化 以 do 为例 各种 时态的被动语态形式为 1 am is are done 过去分词 一般现在时 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits 2 has have been done 现在完成时 All the preparations for the task have been completed and we re ready to start 3 am is are being done 现在进行时 A new cinema is being built here 4 was were done 一般过去时 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer 5 had been done 过去完成时 By the end of last year another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing 6 was were being done 过去进行时 A meeting was being held when I was there 7 shall will be done 一般将来时 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes 8 should would be done 过去将来时 The news would be sent to the soldier s mother as soon as it arrived 9 shall will have been done 将来完成时 少用 The project will have been completed before July 10 should would have been done 过去将来完成时 少用 He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon 2 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1 带情态动词的被动结构 其形式为 情态动词 be 过去分词 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby sitter 2 有些动词可以有两个宾语 在用于被动结构时 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语 另一宾语仍然保留在 谓语后面 通常变为主语的是间接宾语 His mother gave him a present for his birthday 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday 3 当 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 结构变为被动语态时 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语 其余不动 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette 4 在使役动词 have make get 以及感官动词 see watch notice hear feel observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时 在主 动结构中不定式 to 要省略 但变为被动结构时 要加 to Someone saw a stranger walk into the building 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building 5 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组 如 动词 介词 动词 副词 等 也可以用于被动结构 但要把它们看作 一个整体 不能分开 其中的介词或副词也不能省略 The meeting is to be put off till Friday 3 非谓语动词的被动语态 v ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 一般时态和完成时态 I don t like being laughed at in the public 二 二 如何使用被动语态如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时 不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构 还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态 1 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 这时可省 by 短语 My bike was stolen last night 2 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer 3 为了更好地安排句子 The well known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people 一个主语就够了 三 三 It is said that 从句及其他类似句型从句及其他类似句型 一些表示 据说 或 相信 的动词如 believe consider expect report say suppose think 等可以用于句型 It be 过去分 词 that 从句 或 主语 be 过去分词 to do sth 有 It is said that 据说 It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that 大家相信 It is hoped that 大家希望 It is well known that 众所周知 It is thought that 大家认为 It is suggested that 据建议 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam The boy is said to have passed the national exam 四 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义四 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1 英语中有很多动词如 break catch clean drive lock open sell read write wash 等 当它们被用作不及 物动词来描述主语特征时 常用其主动形式 表达被动意义 主语通常是物 This kind of cloth washes well 注意 主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征 而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响 试比较 The door won t lock 指门本身有毛病 The door won t be locked 指不会有人来锁门 指 门没有锁 是人的原因 2 表示 发生 进行 的不及物动词和短语 如 happen last take place break out come out come about come true run out give out turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义 How do the newspapers come out 这些报纸是如何引出来 的呢 3 系动词没有被动形式 但有些表示感受 感官的连系动词 feel sound taste book feel 等在主系表结构中常以主 动形式表示被动意义 Your reason sounds reasonable 五 非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义五 非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 1 在 need want require bear 等词的后面 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形 式 The house needs repairing to be repaired 这房子需要修理 2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义 但不能跟动词不定式 而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被 动形式 The picture book is well worth reading The picture book is very worthy to be read 3 动词不定式在名词后面作定语 不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系 不 定式的主动形式表示被动含义 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon to do 与 things 是动宾关系 与 I 是主谓关系 试比较 I ll go to the post office Do you have a letter to be posted 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明 you 不是 post 动作的 执行者 4 在某些 形容词 不定式 做表语或宾语补足语的结构中 句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时 这 时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义 这些形容词有 nice easy fit hard difficult important impossible pleasant interesting 等 例 This problem is difficult to work out 可看作 to work out 省略了 for me 5 在 too to 结构中 不定式前面可加逻辑主语 所以应用主动形式表示被动意义 This book is too expensive for me to buy 6 在 there be 句型中 当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时 不定式用主动式作定语 重点在人 用被动形式作定 语 重点在物 例 There is no time to lose to be lost 用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose 用 to be lost 谁 lost time 不明确 7 在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动 被动表被动 然而 由于古英语的影响 下列动词 rent blame let 等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 Who is to blame for starting the fire 六 介词六 介词 in on under 等等 名词构成介词短语表被动意义名词构成介词短语表被动意义 表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用 含被动之义 其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式 名词前一般不 用冠词 1 under 名词 结构 表示 某事在进行中 常见的有 under control 受控制 under treatment 在治疗中 under repair 在修理中 under discussion 在讨论中 under construction 在施工中 The building is under construction is being constructed 2 beyond 名词 结构 出乎 胜过 范围 限度 常见的有 beyond belief 令人难以置信 beyond one s reach 鞭长莫及 beyond one s control 无法控制 beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及 The rumour is beyond belief can t be believed 3 above 名词 结构 表示 品质 行为 能力等 超过 高于 His honest character is above all praise His honest character cannot be praised enough 4 for 名 词 结构 表示 适于 为着 如 for sale 出售 for rent 出租 等 That house is for sale That house is to be sold 5 in 名词 结构 表示 在 过程中或范围内 常见的有 in print 在印刷中 in sight 在视野范围内 等 The book is not yet in print is not yet printed 1 The Olympic Games every four years A are held B were held C are holding D will ho1d 2 In the art show a lot of enjoyment to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B is given C will give D has given 3 Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular It in many schools around the world A teaches B is teaching C has taught D is taught 4 Ba Jin one of the greatest writers in China as People s Writer A is regarded B has regarded C is regarding D regards 5 Usually computers to search the Internet A use B are using C are used D used 6 Do you often clean your classroom Yes Our classroom every day A clean B cleans C is cleaned 7 一 Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible 一 Yes In fact it That s all because of the people and the factories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted D was po11ute 8 Our environment is getting worse than before You re right But thanks to Earth Day people have done more and more useful things to protect 保护 the earth since Earth Day A is started B was started C has started 9 I feel very happy that I to be the host Congratulations A choose B am chosen C was chosen D haven chosen 10 Many trees and flowers in our school last year and they made our school a beautiful garden A plant B planted C have planted D were planted 11 Some famous paintings in the hall next week A will show B were shown C is shown D will be shown 12 A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week A given B will be given C has been given D gives 13 Great changes have taken place in this city Right Many modern tall buildings have been these days A turned upB put up C shown up D fixed up 14 Twelve year olds should not to drive in China A allow B be allow C allowed D be allowed 15 Do you often clean your classroom Yes our classroom every day A clean B cleans C is cleaned D Cleaned 课后练习课后练习 1 Susan why are you still here They are all ready to start I m sorry but I when to meet A don t tell B didn t tell C haven t told D wasn t told 2 Many old houses around our school next year and a large green area will appear A pull down B will be pulled downC will pull down D are pulled down 3 My watch Don t worry Let s go to the Lost hold B was hold C is held D did hold 6 On May 30th one bowl in the Ming dynasty 明朝 at the price of 30 36 million Hong Kong dollars A sell B sold C is sold D was sold 7 The Thousand hand Guanyin by many people as the best performance at CCTV s Spring Festival Evening A has been regarded B are regarded C has regarded D regards 8 Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful Yes they in Hangzhou A paintedB were painting C were painted D had painted 9 Don t litter the ground boy Look at the sign Rubbish into the dustbin Sorry A has throw B was throw C must throw D must be thrown 10 The 29th 0lympic Games in Beijing in 2008 A will hold B will be held C hold 11 The girl was often heard happily in her room A sing B to sing C singing D sings 12 It is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term A will be built B was built C has built D will build 13 It is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term A will be built B was built C has built D will build 14 The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday A is taken B was taken C takes D took 15 It s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school I think a bridge over the river A was built B is being built C has been built D should be built 16 David turn off the TV no one is watching it But it off already The music is from the radio A so that has been turned B when has turned C if has been turned D because has turned 17 Usually John to school in his father s beautiful car A has taken B is taking C is taken D has been taken 18 Don t put off today s work for tomorrow I mean today s work today A may do B must do C may be done D must be done 19 Look what an old palace It looks so great Yeah it nearly 800 years ago A was building B was builtC has builtD is built 20 Don t discuss the problems with your partner unless you to do so A ask B are asked C will ask D will be asked 把下列句子改写成被动语态把下列句子改写成被动语态 1 They make machines in that factory 2 Every body likes this song 3 He doesn t show the stamps to me 4 People don t grow rice in the west of Japan 5 He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble 6 Do the workers build many buildings 7 Does Kate sometimes break glasses 8 Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu 9 What does the teacher often tell the boys to do 10 How many desks do they buy every term 将下列句子变为被动语态 每空一词将下列句子变为被动语态 每空一词 1 We can finish the work in two days The work in two days 2 They produce silk in Suzhou Silk in Suzhou 3 The children will sing an English song An English song by the children 4 You needn t do it now It by you now 5 Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week A New Year Card her by me last week 6 Peole use metal for making machines Metal for making machines 7 He made me do that for him I that for him 8 I have given this book to the library This book to the library 9 Did they build a bridge here a year ago a bridge here by them a year ago 10 We ll put on an English play in our school An English play on in our school 11 More and more farmers buy colour TV sets Colour TV sets more and more farmers 12 My brother often mends his watch His watch by my brother 13 We must water the flowers every day The flowers must by us every day 14 They use knives for cutting things Knives for cutting things 15 He made the farmers work for a long time The farmers for a long time 16 Did he break the