2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考14 特殊句式（讲解）素材

2019 20202019 2020 学年中考英语语法备考秘籍学年中考英语语法备考秘籍 特殊句式特殊句式 知识清单知识清单 特殊句式特殊句式 感叹句感叹句 知识梳理 提纲挈领 抓住重点和难点 知识梳理 提纲挈领 抓住重点和难点 感叹句是表达喜 怒 哀 乐以及惊奇 惊讶等强烈感情的句子 感叹句通常由感叹句是表达喜 怒 哀 乐以及惊奇 惊讶等强烈感情的句子 感叹句通常由 whatwhat 或或 howhow 引导 引导 what what 和和 how how 与所修饰的词置于句首 其它部分用陈述句语序 与所修饰的词置于句首 其它部分用陈述句语序 一 由 what 引导的感叹句 what 意为 多么 用作定语 修饰名词 被强调部分 单数可数名 词前要加不定冠词 a an 复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词 如 what a clever girl she is 多么聪明的姑娘呀 what a clever girl what an interesting story it is 多么有趣的故事呀 what an interesting story what good children they are 他们是多么好的孩子呀 what good children what beautiful flowers they are 多么漂亮的花呀 what beautiful flowers what delicious food it is 多么有味的食物呀 what delicious food what heavy snow it is 多么大的雪呀 what heavy snow 二 由 how 引导的感叹句 how 意为 多么 用作状语 修饰形容词 副词或动词 被强调部分 五种特殊句型五种特殊句型 祈使句祈使句 感叹感叹句句 陈述句陈述句 倒装句倒装句 疑问句疑问句 如果修饰形容词 则句中的谓语动词用系动词 如果 how 修饰副词 则句中的谓语动词用行为动词 如 how cold it is today 今天多么冷呀 how nice the pictures are 多么漂亮的图画呀 how happy they look 他们显得多么高兴呀 how well she sings 她唱得多好呀 how hard they are working now 他们干得多么起劲呀 三 在表示同一意义时 英语感叹既可用 what 引导 也可用 how 引导 如 what a hot day it is what a hot day how hot the day is what tall buildings they are what tall buildings how tall the buildings are what bad weather it is what bad weather how bad the weather is what bright sunshine it is what bright sunshine how bright the sunshine is 知知 识识 清清 单单 特殊句式特殊句式 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 一 特殊疑问句和选择疑问句一 特殊疑问句和选择疑问句 1 1 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句 回答时不能使用用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句 回答时不能使用 yesyes 或或 nono 特殊疑问词包括疑问代词 特殊疑问词包括疑问代词 疑问副词和疑问词组 疑问副词和疑问词组 whatwhat 疑问词小结 疑问词小结 what class 哪个班 what grade 哪个年级 what day 星期几 what time 几点 what what color 什么颜色 what language 什么语言 howhow 疑问词小结 疑问词小结 how long 多长时间 提问时间段 how often 多久一次 对频率提问 how soon 多久以后 对 in 短语提问 how many 多少 提问可数名词数量 how much 多少 提问不可数名词数量 也可提问价格 how far 多远 提问距离 how heavy 多重 how wide 多宽 how tall high 多高 how 怎样 how old 多大 提问年龄 3 3 其他以其他以 w w 开头的疑问词小结 开头的疑问词小结 when 什么时候 where 哪里 which 哪一个 who 谁 whose 谁的 why 为什么 选择疑问句选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的情况 要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句 选择疑问句中的两种提出两种或两种以上的情况 要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句 选择疑问句中的两种 或种以上的情况用或种以上的情况用 oror 连接 回答时不能使用连接 回答时不能使用 yesyes 或或 no no 而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式 选择而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式 选择 疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种 疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种 1 一般选择疑问句 一般疑问句 or 被选择音分 如 do you like apples or pears 你喜欢苹果还是梨 i like pears 我喜欢梨 2 特殊选择疑问句 特殊疑问句 a or b 如 which would you like better tea or coffee i like coffee better 你比较喜欢哪种 茶还是咖啡 我更喜欢咖啡 特殊句式特殊句式 反意疑问句反意疑问句 反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后 对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子 反意疑问部分要与反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后 对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子 反意疑问部分要与 前面的陈述部分用逗号隔开 句末用问号 如果陈述部分是肯定结构 反意疑问部分就用否定结构 前面的陈述部分用逗号隔开 句末用问号 如果陈述部分是肯定结构 反意疑问部分就用否定结构 反之亦然 此问句可用反之亦然 此问句可用 yesyes 或或 nono 来回答 反意疑问部分的主语要用代词 并与陈述部分主语一致 来回答 反意疑问部分的主语要用代词 并与陈述部分主语一致 谓语动词在人称 数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致 谓语动词在人称 数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致 注意一 注意一 反义疑问句是疑问句的一种 它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问 形式上是一个省略问 句 附加在陈述句后 即 陈述句 逗号 省略问句 问号 you are from america aren t you 注意二注意二 遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则 jim isn t in class four is he 注意三注意三 附加疑问句必须前后两句主语相同 mr zhang has been here for four years hasn t he 注意四注意四 附加疑问句部分与主语不一致的若干情况如下 需牢记 1 this 或 that 改 it 无论是否指人 this is your brother isn t it 2 these 或 those 改 they those are books aren t they 3 不定代词 one 改 one 或 he one can t be always young can he 4 something anything everything 和 nothing 改 it nothing is serious is it 注意为什么后面用 is it 而不是 isn t it everything seems all right doesn t it 5 everybody everyone somebody someone anybody anyone nobody 改 they 或 he 任选 但 选定后注意单复数形式 everyone knows this don t they doesn t he nobody likes to lose money does he 6 each of 改 he 或 they each of the boys had an apple didn t he they 7 no one none neither either 改 they 或 he no one came did they 8 some of none of 改 it they 或 you 联系上下文或句子 none of the food was delicious was it some of the dustmen have come back haven t they 9 由 neither nor not only but also both and either or not but or and 等连接的并列主语 改复数代词 neither you nor i am wrong are we both tom and jack came didn t they 10 由动词不定式 动名词 从句或词组构成的主语 改 it to learn english well isn t easy is it swimming is great fun isn t it 11 the 形容词表示一类人 改复数代词 the poor had no right 权力 to speak at the time did they 12 there 引起的句子 there be 句型等 仍用 there there stands a house and a lot of trees doesn t there there are many children in the park aren t there 注意五 附加疑问句部分与谓语不一致的若干情况如下 需牢记 初中阶段 14 点 18 点和 19 点可以 常识性了解 1 have 有 改 have 或 do mary has two brothers doesn t she hasn t she 2 have 有 必须与陈述部分一致 he hasn t a lot of time has he miss green doesn t have any money in her pocket does she 3 have 不做 有 解释 必须用 do they all have a good time don t they 4 have to 用 do 或 have we have to get up early don t we haven t we 5 have got to 用 have we have got to answer all the questions haven t we 6 had better 用 should 或 had we had better go right now shouldn t we hadn t we 7 can t 不可能 表示推测 根据 can t 或的动词选择相应的形式 he can t be a doctor is he the workers can t have finished their work have they 8 may 用 may 主语 not 英语中不用 mayn t they may be here next week may they not 9 must 必须 用 needn t you must do it today needn t you 10 must 应该 用 mustn t i must study hard mustn t i 11 mustn t 用 must 或 may you mustn t talk like that must you we mustn t stay here any longer must we 12 must be 对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理 2 反义疑问句 he must be happy isn t he he must be working hard at the office isn t he must 表示推测时 也有用 mustn t 的 he must have been working very hard mustn t he you must have told mr wang the secret mustn t you 13 must 完成时 表示对过去情况的推测 作一般过去时附加疑问句处理 he must have come yesterday didn t he you must have seen the play last week didn t you 14 must 完成时 用来推测过去的动作持续到现在按现在完成时的附加疑问句来处理 you must have studied english for years haven t you he must have lived here for at least ten years hasn t he 14 实义动词 need 和 dear 用 do he needs help doesn t he i have never dared to ask him have i 15 情态动词 need 和 dear 用 need 和 dear he dare not say so dare he we need not do it again need we 16 needn t 用 need 或 must you needn t go yet need you he needn t do that must he 17 would rather 动词原形 和 would like to 动词原形 用 wouldn t he would rather read the text ten times than recite it wouldn t he you d like to have some bananas wouldn t you 18 ought to 动词原形 用 oughtn t 或 shouldn t the child ought to be punished oughtn t he we ought to go there shouldn t we 19 used to 动词原形 用 didn t 主语 或 usedn t 主语 或 used 主语 not he used to live in london usedn t he didn t he he used to play football when he was a child used he not 注意六 句子中有 seldom hardly no not never few little nothing nobody nowhere 等 是否定句 附加疑问部分必须采用肯定形式 nobody phoned while i was out did they he is hardly able to swim is he there is little ink in your pen is there no one nobody none nothing neither 等作动词的宾语时 附加疑问部分一般采用肯定形式 也 偶尔用否定形式 he has nothing to say does n t he you got nothing from him did n t you 注意七 一些特殊句型的附加疑问句 1 i am 改 aren t i i am your friend aren t i 2 i wish to do sth 或 i wish i 改 may i i wish to go home may i i wish i were you may i 3 主从复合句 与主句的主谓语保持一致 he says that i did it doesn t he david wouldn t go there if it rained would he 4 并列句 与邻近的分句保持一致 mary is a nice girl but she had one short coming hadn t she 5 表示邀请 请求的祈使句 附加疑问部分用 will you 或 won t you 或 would you 等 一般只要记住 will you 就可以了 不遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则 come here will you turn off the light will you do sit down will you 6 表示告诉别人做某事的祈使句 用 will you can you would you 或 can t you won t you stop talking can you write down the new words will you won t you 7 否定的祈使句用 will you 或 can you don t make a noise will can you 8 let me 用 will you 或 may i let me help you may i let me do it will you 9 let s 表示建议包括听话人在内 用 shall we let s go for a walk shall we 10 let us 表示允许 不包括听话人在内 用 will you let us do it by ourselves will you 11 let 接第三人称宾语时用 will you let him come in will you 12 let s not 用 ok 或 all right let s not go to the party ok all right 13 感叹句用一般现在时 be 的形式 故事中用一般过去时 be 的形式 what fine weather isn t it how clever the boy is isn t he 特殊句式特殊句式 祈使句祈使句 祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型 祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型 1 行为动词原形 其它成分 例如 make sentences after the model 根据例句造句 2 be 动词 其它成分 形容词 名词或介词短语等 例如 be careful when cr