5g微带阵列天线

5G5G 微带阵列天线微带阵列天线 要求 利用介质常数为 2 2 厚度为 1mm 损耗角为 0 0009 的介质 设计 一个工作在 5G 的 4X4 的天线阵列 评分标准 良 带宽 7 优 带宽 7 且效率大于 60 1 1 微带辐射贴片尺寸估算微带辐射贴片尺寸估算 设计微带天线的第一步是选择合适的介质基板 假设介质的介电常数为 r 对于工作频率 f 的矩形微带天线 可以用下式设计出高效率辐射贴片的宽度 W 即为 1 2 1 2 rc w f 式中 c 是光速 辐射贴片的长度一般取为 这里是介质内的导波 2e e 波长 即为 e e c f 考虑到边缘缩短效应后 实际上的辐射单元长度 L 应为 2 2e c LL f 式中 是有效介电常数 是等效辐射缝隙长度 它们可以分别用下式e L 计算 即为 1 2 11 1 12 22 rr e h w 0 3 0 264 0 412 0 258 0 8 e e w h Lh w h 2 单元的仿真 由所给要求以及上述公式计算得辐射贴片的长度 L 19 15mm W 23 72mm 采用非辐射边馈电方式 模型如图 1 所示 图图 1 1 单元模型单元模型 此种馈电方式 可以通过移动馈电的位置获得阻抗匹配 设馈电点距离上 宽边的偏移量为 dx 经仿真得到当 dx 4mm 时 阻抗匹配最好 另外 之前计算 出的尺寸得到的谐振点略有偏移 经过仿真优化后贴片尺寸变为 L 19mm W 23 72mm 仿真结果图如图 2 图 3 所示 3 504 004 505 005 506 006 50 Freq GHz 30 00 25 00 20 00 15 00 10 00 5 00 0 00 dB S 1 1 HFSSDesign1 XY Plot 1 ANSOFT m1 m2 m3 Curve Info dB S 1 1 Setup1 Sweep NameXY m14 9500 10 3381 m25 0600 10 1725 m35 0000 26 9508 图图 2 2 S11S11 参数参数 200 00 150 00 100 00 50 00 0 0050 00100 00150 00200 00 Theta deg 20 00 15 00 10 00 5 00 0 00 5 00 10 00 dB GainTotal HFSSDesign1 XY Plot 2 ANSOFT Curve Info dB GainTotal Setup1 LastAdaptive Freq 5GHz Phi 0deg dB GainTotal Setup1 LastAdaptive Freq 5GHz Phi 90deg 图图 3 3 增益图增益图 从图中可以看出谐振点为 5GHz 计算的相对带宽为 2 2 增益为 5 78dB 2 2 2 22 2 阵列设计阵列设计 设计馈电网络并组阵 模型图如图 4 所示 图图 4 4 2 22 2 微带天线阵列微带天线阵列 3 504 004 505 005 506 006 50 Freq GHz 20 00 17 50 15 00 12 50 10 00 7 50 5 00 2 50 0 00 dB S 1 1 HFSSDesign1 XY Plot 12 ANSOFT Curve Info dB S 1 1 Setup1 Sweep 图图 5 5 S11S11 参数参数 由 S11 参数可以看到 2 2 阵列天线谐振点为 5GHz 且此时的 S11 19dB 说明 反射损耗小 匹配良好 相对带宽约为 2 8 200 00 150 00 100 00 50 00 0 0050 00100 00150 00200 00 Theta deg 40 00 30 00 20 00 10 00 0 00 10 00 20 00 dB GainTotal HFSSDesign1 XY Plot 13 ANSOFT m1 m2 m3 m4 Curve Info dB GainTotal Setup1 LastAdaptive Freq 5GHz Phi 0deg dB GainTotal Setup1 LastAdaptive Freq 5GHz Phi 90deg NameXY m1 1 000013 9625 m2 57 00003 3614 m3 90 0000 8 5636 m479 0000 6 8066 28 00 16 00 4 00 8 00 90 60 30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 150 120 HFSSDesign1 Radiation Pattern 2 ANSOFT Curve Info dB GainTotal Setup1 LastAdaptive Freq 5GHz Phi 0deg dB GainTotal Setup1 LastAdaptive Freq 5GHz Phi 90deg 图图 6 6 方向图方向图 由方向图可以看出 2 2 阵列天线的增益为 13 96dB 第一副瓣电平为 10 6dB 可知组阵能使天线的增益变高 3 3 4 44 4 阵列天线阵列天线 天线阵列如图 7 所示 图图 7 7 4 44 4 阵列天线阵列天线 4 004 254 504 755 005 255 505 756 00 Freq GHz 22 50 20 00 17 50 15 00 12 50 10 00 7 50 5 00 2 50 0 00 dB S 1 1 HFSSDesign1 XY Plot 6 ANSOFT m1 m2 Curve Info dB S 1 1 Setup1 Sweep dy 12mm NameXY m14 9540 10 2723 m25 0560 10 4730 图图 8 8 S11S11 参数参数 200 00 150 00 100 00 50 00 0 0050 00100 00150 00200 00 Theta deg 25 00 20 00 15 00 10 00 5 00 0 00 5 00 10 00 15 00 20 00 dB GainTotal HFSSDesign1 XY Plot 3 ANSOFT m1 m2 m3 Setup1 LastAdaptive dx1 60mm Freq 5GHz Phi 0deg Setup1 LastAdaptive dx1 60mm Freq 5GHz Phi 90deg NameXY m1 3 000019 9638 m232 00008 1731 m323 00006 8050 20 00 10 00 0 00 10 00 90 60 30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 150 120 HFSSDesign1 Radiation Pattern 1 ANSOFT Curve Info dB GainTotal Setup1 LastAdaptive dx1 60mm Freq 5GHz Phi 0deg dB GainTotal Setup1 LastAdaptive dx1 60mm Freq 5GHz Phi 90deg 图图 9 9 方向图方向图 由 S11 参数图可以看到谐振点在 5GHz 反射损耗较小 带宽约为 2 由方向图 可以看到增益约为 19 96dB 第一副瓣电平为 11 79dB 参考文献参考文献 1 ITU Global Standard for International Mobile Telecommunications S IMT Advanced Circular letter ITU R March 2008 2 N Takehiro N Satoshi B Anass Benjebbour et al Trends in Small Cell Enhancements in LTE Advanced J IEEE Communications Magazine Feb 2013 vo1 51 no 2 98 105 3 O Aliu A Imran M Imran et al A survey of self organization in future cellular networks J IEEE Communications 2011 vo1 9 no 11 1 26 4 T L Marzetta Noncooperative cellular wireless with unlimited numbers of base station antennas J IEEE Trans Wireless Communications Nov 2010 vo1 9 no ll 3590 3600 5 J Zhang C K Wen S Jin et al On capacity of large scale MIlVIO multiple access channels with distributed sets of correlated antennas J Areas Commun Feb 2013 01 31 no 2 133 一 148 6 H Huh G Caire H C Papadopoulos et al Achieving Massive MIMO spectral ei iciency with a not so large number of antennas J 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