八年级上册知识点清理（打印版）

2014 八年级上册英语新目标版知识点清理 四河初中 包望理 第 1 页 共 7 页 八年级上册知识点清理八年级上册知识点清理 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation 1 一般过去时 基本结构 主语 动词过去式 其他 否定形式 was were not 在行为动词前加 didn t 同时还原动词 一般疑问句 Was Were 主语 其他 Did 主语 动 词原形 其他 2 动词过去式规则变化 直接加ed 以不发音 e 结 尾的单词 直接加 d 以辅音字母 y 结尾的 变 y 为 i 加 ed 以元音字母 y 结尾的 直接加 ed 以重读闭音节结尾的 双写最后的辅音字母 ed 不规则变化的动词过去式 见书本最后一页 3 go on vacation 去度假 be on vacation 在度假 4 anyone 任何人 只用于指人 一般用在否定句 疑问 句中 后面不接 of 短语 做主语时位于动词用单数 Eg Is there anyone at home any one 任何一个 指人或物 后面接 of 短语 Eg You can take any one of these books 5 adj 修饰不定代词后置 anything special something important enough 作 adv 修饰 adj adv 后置 old enough fast enough else 作 adj 修饰疑问代词和不定代词后置 what else who else something else 6 quite a few little 相当多 7 How what about V ing n 代词 怎么样 表建 议 询问 8 most students most of the students one of the most adj n 复数 表示 最 之一 Eg He is one of the most famous writers in China A most adj n 非常 Eg Hangzhou is a most beautiful city 9 buy get sb sth buy get sth for sb 10 what do you think of about how do you like 你 认为 怎么样 11 have fun enjoy oneself have a good great wonderful time V ing 12 主语 seem to be 表语 n adj eg Tom seems to be a smart boy happy It seems that 从句 eg It seems that he understand 主语 seem to do sth eg He seems to understand 13 adj 以 ing 结尾 令人 的 exciting interesting relaxing boring 以 ed 结尾 人感到 的 excited interested relaxed bored 14 询问价格 How much is What s the price of 表示价格高低 be expensive cheap The price of is high low 15 get to arrive in at reach 到达 如果后面接地点的副词 home here 或 there 就不用介词 in at to 16 decide not to do decide that 从句 decide 疑问词 不定式 17 try not to do sth 尽力 try doing sth 尝试 try do one s best to do sth try it on 试穿 动副结构 try out 试验 have a try 试 一试 18 feel like 感觉像 feel like doing sth want to do sth would like to do sth 19 a lot of lots of plenty of 20 in the past 在过去 21 enjoy like doing 22 感叹句 How adj 主谓 How adj a an n 单 主谓 What a an adj n 单 主谓 What adj n 复 不可数 主谓 23 more than over 超过 less than 少于 more or less 或多或少 24 wait for 等待 25 too many 太多 修饰可数名词复数 too much 太多 修饰不可数名词 much too 实在太 修饰形容词或副词 26 because 从句 because of n V ing 代词 27 enough 作 adj 修饰 n enough time enough money have enough to do sth eg I have enough time to finish the work enough 作 adv 修饰 adj adv old enough fast enough enough for sb to do sth eg The job is easy enough for me to do not enough to do The book isn t easy enough for me to read too to The book is too difficult for me to read so that The book is so difficult that I can t read 28 the next day 第二天 29 remember forget to do 要做 doing 做过 30 Stop sb from doing sth 阻止 Stop to do 停下来去做其他事 Stop doing 停止正在做的事 31 another two hours two more hours 32 at the top of 在 顶端 名列 之前 强调点 on the top of 在 上面 强调面 33 find out 查明 弄清 find 找到 结果 look for 寻找 过程 34 go on with doing sth 继续原来的事 go on to do sth 继续做别的事 35 so adj that 结果状语从句 如此 以致 eg I was so busy that I didn t go to sleep for 3 days so that 引导目的状语从句 以便 为了 in order to eg they got up early so that they could catch the early bus so adj a an n 单数 that It is so important a meeting that I can t miss it such a an adj n 单数 that It is such an important meeting that I can t miss it such adj n 复数 不可数 that Unit 2 How often do you exercise 1 How 如何 方式 how long 多长 时间 答语常用 For about 时 间段 how far 多远 距离 答语常用 It s 数词 miles meters kilometers how often 多久一次 频率 答语常用 Always often every day 或 次数 时间 等表频率的状语 How soon 多快 多久以后 常用在将来时中 答语常 用 in 时间段 how many 多少 接可数名词 how much 接不可 数名词 2 exercise 作 v 锻炼 运动 作 c 操 练习 do morning eye exercises 作 uc 锻炼 take much more exercise 3 at 钟点 at 7 o clock at noon at night during in the day at this that time at the age of on 具体某天 星期 特指的一天 纪念日 节日 on April 1st on Sunday on a cold winter morning on Teachers Day in 上午 下午 晚上 年 月 季节 年代 世纪 in the morning afternoon evening in 1999 in August in autumn in 1960s in the 21st century 4 help sb to do sth help sb with sth with sb s help with the help of sb 2014 八年级上册英语新目标版知识点清理 四河初中 包望理 第 2 页 共 7 页 5 do the housework do chores 6 频度副词 行前 be 后 Always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never 7 sometimes 有时 频度副词 sometime 将来 有 朝一日 曾经 某天 Some times 几次 几倍 some time 一段时间 前 面用介词 for 8 go shopping do some shopping 9 once twice three times 10 at once right now right away in a minute in a moment in no time 立刻 马上 once more 再一次 重新 once upon a time 从前 曾经 11 every day 每天 everyday 日常的 每天的 12 on the internet 13 what s your favorite program what program do you like best 14 free 空闲的 in one s free time be free 自由的 as free as a fish freedom n 自由 免费的 The best things in life are free 15 be full be busy 忙的 be busy doing sth be busy with sth be full of 充满 eg The bottle is full of milk 16 How come 怎么会 为什么 17 may be 为情态动词 动词原形 在句子中做谓语 maybe 是副词 表示可能 大概 一般放在句首 perhaps 18 stay up doing sth 熬夜做某事 19 stay keep healthy be in good bad poor health be good bad for one s health 20 at least no less than at most no more than 21 ask sb about sth ask sb not to do sth ask sb for help advice information 22 the result of 的结果 as a result 结果 23 be surprised that be surprised at be surprised to do 对 很惊讶 To one s surprise 另某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊 讶地 24 the answer to the question a key to the door a ticket to the ball game 25 although though 与 but 不能连用 Even though if 即使 尽管 as though if 仿佛 好像 26 by 介词 n v ing 代词 通过 方式 by oneself 独自地 by the way 顺便问 说一下 by chance accident 偶然地 by mistake 错误地 learn by heart 记住 27 the best way time to do 做某事最好的方式 时间 28 4 个花费 人 spend spends spent 时间 钱 in doing sth on sth spend time with sb 人 pay pays paid 钱 for sth It takes took sb 时间 to do sth 物 cost costs cost sb 钱 29 die v 死亡 消失 died 过去式 dead adj 死亡的 无生命的 dead dog have has been dead for died ago dying adj 垂死的 快死的 death n 死亡 the death of 30 before it s too late 趁来得及 31 数字 percent of n 作主语 谓语动词取决于 n Eg Twenty percent of the students exercise every day Twenty percent of time passes 32 no one nobody 指人 回答 who anyone anybody 的 提问 None 指人或物 可接 of 短语 all 3 回答 how many much any 及有特定范围 which 的提问 nothing 指物 回答 what anything 的提问 Unit 3 I m more outgoing than my sister 1 比较级 最高级变化规则 一般在词尾 er 或 est 以 e 结尾的加 r 或 st 重读闭 音节双写辅音字母 er 或 est 辅音字母 y 结尾的 改 y 为 i er 或 est 多音节词和部分双音节词 加 more 或 most 不规则变化见书本 P114 2 比较级用法 基本句型 主语 be 比较级 than 比较对象 两者相比较用比较级 eg Who do you think is more outgoing Lily or Lucy Very more quite so too 等修饰原级 much a little a lot a bit far even 等修饰比较级 eg I m much a little a lot a bit far more outgoing than my sister I m even worse now 不能与人或事物自身相比较 eg He is taller than any other student in his class China is larger than any country in Africa 比较对象要一致 that 代替不可数名词 those 代替可 数名词复数 所有格 ones eg The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Wuhan The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two My bike is newer than Tom s 比较级中出现 of the two twins 结构时 adj 比较级前 要 the 不可用 than Eg Tom is the taller of the two brothers get become 比较级 and 比较级 表示 变得越 来越 多音节或部分双音节用 more and more 原级 Eg It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes You re getting more and more beautiful the 比较级 the 比较级 表示 越 就越 Eg The more you exercise the stronger you will be As as 中间接原级中间接原级 表示 与 一样 否定为 not as so as 表示 不如 Eg He is as tall as his father He is not as so tall as his father 比较级 than more less 原级 than 与 not as so as 可以互换 Eg I m taller than you Chinese is more important than Biology You re shorter than me Biology is less important than Chinese You re not as so tall as me Biology is not as so important as Chinese 比 大 多 长 宽几倍 用 主语 be times 比 较级 than 比较对象 Eg Our classroom is twice larger than yours 重几斤 高几公分 大几岁 用 主语 be 数量 词 比较级 than 比较对象 Eg I m six years older than you 3 loudly 大声地 响亮地 多含噪音之意 aloud 大声地 出声地 强调出声 read aloud call aloud for help loud 大声地 高声地 常与 speak shout laugh talk 连用 响亮的 大声的 loud voice 4 fast 强调速度快 run drive fast quickly 强调动作 行动快 soon 强调时间间隔短 5 competition 体育 书法 朗读 音乐等比赛 match 体育竞技比赛 球类比赛 race 速度方面的竞赛 赛跑 赛龙舟等 6 win 比赛 奖项 beat 人 团队 7 ago 以前 用于一般过去时 放在一段时间后 before 在 以前 通常用于完成时 放在时间点或 事件之前 2014 八年级上册英语新目标版知识点清理 四河初中 包望理 第 3 页 共 7 页 8 the same as be different from be similar to be like 9 be good at V ing do well in 擅长于 be good for 对 有益 be bad for 对 有害 be good to 对 友好 good 可用 friendly nice kind 替换 be good with 和 相处好 get on along well with 10 true truly 指故事 说法 答案等与标准事实 实际情 况相符 real really 指人或事客观存在 不是想象的 11 take care of look after 照顾 care for 照料 关心某人 喜欢某人 某物 care about 关心 计较 在乎 12 make sb do sth make sb sth adj make me happy make sb n We made him monitor make sb 过去分词 She spoke aloud to make herself heard make it 约定时间 做成某事 及时抵达 Let s make it at 10 00 Don t worry He ll make it 13 both 位置 行前 be 后 both of them us they we both both 作主语 谓语动词用复数 not both 为部分否定 全部否定要用 either not 或者 neither both and not only but also 否定为 neither nor 14 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 be popular in at 在 某地受欢迎 15 it is adj for sb to do sth adj 修饰 to do sth It is important for me to learn English it is adj of sb to do sth adj 修饰 sb It is kind friendly nice of you to help me 16 bring out 使显现出 17 share sth with sb 和某人分享 18 other 其他的 另外的 后接名词复数 后接名词复数 有时 other n 复数 others another 又一 个 另一 个 泛指总数为三个或 三个以上中的任意一个 后接名词单数后接名词单数 the other 两者中的 另一个 常与 one 连用 one the other 表示 一个 另一个 19 heart learn sth by heart 用心记 lose heart 灰心 20 break the law rules world record 违法 违规 打破世界纪 录 Break off 打断 break away from 摆脱 脱离 break into 破门而入 break in 插嘴 Break down 出故障 break out 爆发 break up 散火 break one s words 食言 Have a break rest 休息会儿 21 laugh 发笑 laugh at 嘲笑 Smile 微笑 smile at 对 微笑 22 定语从句定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语 从句 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词 引导定 语从句的词称为关系词 关系词位于先行词和定语从句之 间 起联系作用 同时又作定语从句的一个成分 定语从句的关系词引导定语的关系代词关系代词有 that who whom whose which 关系副词 关系副词 在定语从句中只能作状 语 且不能省略 有 when where why 等 关系词的选 择主要取决于两个因素 1 先行词是什么 2 先行词在定语 从句中作什么成分 关系代词 that who which whose whom 引导的 定语从句 that who 在从句中作主语 先行词为人 Eg The girl that who is reading is my sister that which 在从句中作主语或宾语 先行词为物 Eg The book that which is on the desk belongs to Tom 主 He came back for the book that which he had forgotten 宾 whose 在从句中作定语 先行词为人或物 Eg This is the pencil whose point is broken That is the girl whose mother died two years ago whom that 在从句中作宾语 先行词为人 Eg The girl whom that I spoke to is my cousin 关系副词 when where why 引导的定语从句 When 在从句中作时间状语 其先行词是表示时间的词 day year season 等 例如 我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天 I shall never forget the day I joined the League 解放军战士在人们最需要的时刻来到 The PLA men come at the time the people need them most Where 在定语从句中作地点状语 其先行词是表示地点 的词 place town home house 例如 你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗 Do you still remember the place we first met 近来你去过你成长的小城吗 Have you been to the town you grew up recently Why 在从句中作原因状语 其先行词是 reason 例如 没有人知道他为什么上学总迟到 Nobody knows the reason he is often late for school 23 call sb at 电话号码 24 information UC 通过学习 阅读 观察等得到的信 息 情报 资料 侧重内容 news UC 广播 电视等报道的新闻 消息 强调 新鲜 及时 a piece of news message C 口信 短信 信息 强调传递 take a message for sb leave a message to sb 25 who do you think should get the job in your opinion who should get the job Unit 4 What s the best movie theater 1 最高级的用法 用于三者或三者以上的比较 eg Which do you like best Chinese Math or English one of 最高级 n 复数 表示 最 之一 Eg Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century the 序数词 最高级 n 单数 范围 表示 在 范围 内 是第几 Eg Hainan is the second largest island in China 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰 只能用 that 引导定语 从句 Eg My cousin is the funniest person that I know This is the first letter that I received from my sister Of all n 复数 of the 数 3 n 复数 in at 地 点 2 Comfort v 使舒适 安慰 comfortable adj 舒适 的 uncomfortable comfortably adv 舒适地 3 Voice 嗓音 说话声 歌声 笑声 鸟鸣声 in a low voice 小声地 Noise 杂音 Sound 任何可以听到的声音 4 be close to 靠近 5 choose chose choose from 从 中选择 choose to do sth 选择做某事 6 Can I ask you some a few questions 7 Welcome to 地点 8 So far until now up to now 至今为止 9 Around near here in the neighborhood 10 thanks for n V ing Thanks for your help thanks for helping me Thanks for your invitation thanks for inviting asking me Thank you Thanks 2014 八年级上册英语新目标版知识点清理 四河初中 包望理 第 4 页 共 7 页 No problem You re welcome That s all right Not at all It s a pleasure My pleasure That s OK 11 talent n 天资 才能 talented adj 有天赋的 untalented Have a talent for doing sth 对 做 某事有天赋 12 around the world all over the world 13 have in common 有相同特征 in common with 同 一样 14 Kind of 相当于副词 修饰形容词或副词 意为 稍 微 有点 与 a little bit 相近 A kind of 意为 一种 some kinds of 意为 几种 different kinds of 意为 不同种类的 all kinds of 意为 各种各样的 这里的 kind 是 种 类 属 的意思 15 and so on 等等 16 be up to 是 的职责 由 决定 be up to sb to do sth 应由某人做某事 17 play a role part in doing sth 在 中扮演角色 在 中发 挥作用 有影响 18 部分否定 all both everyone everybody everything everywhere every each always 等与 not 连用表示部分否定 全部否定 all none both neither everyone no one nobody not anyone everything nothing not anything every no always never 19 make up 编造 故事 谎言 20 take seriously 认真对待 21 for example 例如 follow the example of 以 为榜样 give an example 举例 set an example to 给 树立榜样 such as 例如 22 come true 23 finish n v ing 24 crowd v 拥挤 eg They crowd into the room n 人群 eg There was a big crowd at the football match A crowd of students are waiting for the bus Crowded adj 拥挤的 Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show 1 不定式做宾语 want hope expect plan to do 2 Learn from 从 学习 learn sth by heart 熟记 learn sth by oneself 自学 3 Plan to do sth plan on sth 计划 打算做某事 Plan for sth 考虑到某事 make a plan for 为 制定 计划 4 Hope to do hope that 希望 没有 hope sb to do 的表 达 I hope so I hope not 5 Happen to sb sth 某人 物发生不幸的事 eg What happened to him Happen to do it happens that 碰巧 Happen 偶然发生 take place 事先安排的 人为的 发生 6 Expect sb to do expect that 期待 7 One day 某天 过去 将来 some day 某天 将来 the other day a few days ago 前几天 8 Mean v 意味着 三单为 means Means n 方法 工具 手段 by means of Meaning n 意义 含义 the meaning of Meaningless adj 毫无意义的 9 Mind v 介意 would do you mind one s not doing sth I don t mind them make up one s mind 下决心 change one s mind 改变主 意 never mind 没关系 不必担心 keep in one s mind 记住 10 think of 认为 想起 think about 认为 考虑 think over 仔细考虑 11 be famous for 因为 而著名 be famous as 作为 而著名 12 appear v 出现 disappear 消失 appearance n 出 现 露面 外表 13 come out 出版 发表 出来 开花 14 succeed v 成功 succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事 Success n 成功 Successful adj 成功的 be successful in doing sth 成 功地做某事 Successfully adv 成功地 15 reason 结论性原因 cause 起因 excuse 借口 16 danger n 危险 be in great danger 处于极大危险中 out of danger 脱离危险 endanger v 使遭遇危险 危及 dangerous adj 危险的 endangered adj 有灭绝 危险的 17 luck n 运气 lucky adj 幸运的 unlucky 不幸的 luckily adv 幸运地 18 be ready to do sth 愿意做某事 get ready to do sth 准备 去做某事 get ready for 为 做准备 19 a pair of n 复数 做主语 谓语动词用单数 eg A pair of glasses is enough for me 20 Take one s place to do sth 代替某人做某事 21 do a good job 干得好 22 wear 表状态 接服装 手套 眼镜 香水等 put on 表动作 接服装 take off dress 表动作 接 sb oneself get dressed 穿衣 dress up 盛装打扮 try on 试穿 动副结构 try it on be in 颜色或衣服 eg The girl in a red coat is my sister Unit 6 I am going to study computer science 1 be going to 表将来 计划 打算 肯定 主语 be going to V 原 否定 主语 be not going to V 原 疑问 be 主语 going to V 原 There be 的将来时 there is are going to be 2 practice doing sth 3 grow up 长大 4 keep doing sth 继续不断地做某事 Keep on doing sth 坚持做某事 Keep sb doing sth 使某人持续做某事 Keep sb from doing sth stop sb from doing sth 阻止某 人做某事 5 be sure about of n v ing 代词 对 确信 有把握 Make sure 确保 Be sure to do 务必 一定 6 worry about be worried about 担心 7 medicine UC take medicine 吃药 pill C 药丸 Medical adj 医学的 medically adv 8 日期 月份 年份等前面有 next last this 等词语时 要省略前面的介词 on in 9 send sth to 把 寄往 send sth to sb send sb sth Send sb to do 派人去做 send for 派人去请 send up 发射 send out 分发 send off 寄出 10 be able to do 能够做某事 able adj 能够 disable ability n 能力 disability 11 make promises 许诺 promise to do sth 12 at the beginning of 在 的开始 13 improve one s life 改善某人的生活 improve oneself 提升自己 self improvement n 14 write down 写下 动副结构 15 have to do with 关于 与 有关 have nothing to do with 与 无关 16 take up 培养 学着做 占用 时间 空间 17 no n 单数 not a an n 单数 There is no book on the desk There is not a book on the desk no n 复数 not any n 复数 I have no resolutions I don 2014 八年级上册英语新目标版知识点清理 四河初中 包望理 第 5 页 共 7 页 t have any resolutions no UC not any UC There is no water there There is not any water there 18 one s own 某人自己的 Unit 7 Will people have robots 1 will 表将来 肯定 主语 will V 原 否定 主语 will not won t V 原 疑问 will 主语 V 原 There be 的将来时 there will be there won t be Will there be 2 Do you know 陈述语序 回答时 针对从句部分回 答 Do you know there will be a football match this afternoon Yes Yes there will No there won t 3 at home in one s home 4 paper UC 纸张 a piece of paper paper C 报纸 newspaper 论文 试卷 5 In 时间段时间段是指以现在时间为起点的 在一段时间以后 也可以表示 在将来多少时间之内 句中的谓语动词要 用一般将来时态一般将来时态 After 常常指以过去时间为起点的 在一段时间之后 After 时间段时间段常与过去时态过去时态连用 当 after 时间点时间点 可以与将来时态将来时态连用 Later 是副词 一段时间一段时间 later 表示 一段时间之后 用于过去时 如果单独使用 可与将来时或过去时 连用 Later on 后来后来 6 pollute v 污染 Pollution UC 污染 white air water noise pollution Polluted adj 被污染的 polluted water 7 predict v 预测 prediction n 预测 8 on the earth 在地球上 on earth 究竟 in the earth 在 地里 9 save 拯救 save the earth 节约 save water money 10 few fewer fewest C little less least UC few little 含有否定意味 意味 几乎没有 a few a little 含有肯定意味 意味 一点 一些 11 Space UC 太空 空间 一般情况下不与冠词连用 如 果 space 前面有表示太空情况的形容词 如 dark cold airless 修饰 则可与定冠词连用 Space C 空间 空地 room Room C 房间 UC 空间 Make room for 为 腾出 空间 Place C 指某一具体 地点 地方 12 hundred thousand 千 million 百万 表示不确切的数目 时 在词尾加在词尾加 s 且和且和 of 连用连用 表示 数百 数千 数百万 当这些词前有数词或 several some 等修饰词时则不加不加 s 也也 不跟介词不跟介词 of 连用连用 直接跟名词 13 in the future 在将来 in future from now on 从今往 后 14 I We believe 接宾语从句 含有否定时要用否定转移 Believe sb 相信某人所为 believe in 信任某人的为人 信仰 15 over and over again 反复 再三 16 get bored 觉得无聊 17 wake up 醒来 叫醒 动副结构 18 fall down 倒塌 19 During 指 在 时间内 在 的期间 一般有明确的时明确的时 间长度和起止时间间长度和起止时间 谓语动词常为持续性的动作或状态 时间段前常有限定词 限定词 the 物主代词物主代词等 表特指 during 指动作所发生的时间 回答 when 的问题 In 在 时间内 一般情况下可以和 during 互换 用 in 时往往强调某一动作发生在某一时间段中的某一时间点 during 既可用在 在整个时间段期间 也可用在 某时间段 内的某个时间点 For 时间 长达 强调时间由始至终 动作也贯 穿这段时间的始终 可以和完成时或过去时连用 强调持 续时间的长短 回答 how long 的问题 Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake 1 可数名词 C 与不可数名词 UC C 有复数形式 可以与定冠词 a an 连用 a pen an orange UC 没有复数形式 不可以与定冠词 a an 连用 C 表示复数意义时可用 many a few 等词修饰 如 many apples a few pens UC 则要用 much a little 等词修饰 如 much meat little water 这两类名词都可以被 some any a lot of lost of 等修 饰 C 前面可用具体的数字修饰 three books UC 要用 数字 量词 of 修饰 a cup of tea a piece of paper news chalk a bottle of milk C 做主语 主谓一致 There is a book and two pens on the desk There are two pens and a book on the desk UC 做主语 谓语动词用单数 There is some milk in the bottle UC 做主语 如果前面有复数名词短语修饰 谓语动 词用复数 There are two bottles of milk on the table 对 C 提问用 how many How many bananas do we need 对 UC 提问用 how much How much sug