高中英语语法大全

高中英语语法大全高中英语语法大全 一 词类和句子成分一 词类和句子成分 1 词类 英语词类十种 名词 形容词 代词 数词 冠词 动词 副词 介词 连词 感叹词 1 名词 n 表示人 事物 地点或抽象概念的名称 如 2 代词 pron 主要用来代替名词 如 3 形容词 adj 表示人或事物的性质或特征 如 4 数词 num 表示数目或事物的顺序 如 5 动词 v 表示动作或状态 如 6 副词 adv 修饰动词 形容词或其他副词 说明时间 地点 程度等 如 7 冠词 art 用在名词前 帮助说明名词 如 8 介词 prep 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系 如 9 连词 conj 用来连接词 短语或句子 如 10 感叹词 interj 表示喜 怒 哀 乐等感情 如 英语中代词分为 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 指示代词 关系代词 疑问代词 连接代词和不定代词等等 英语中代词分为 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 指示代词 关系代词 疑问代词 连接代词和不定代词等等 人称代词 人称代词代替人和事物的名称 分为主格和宾格两种形式 主格Iyou hesheitweyouthey 宾格meyou himheritusyouthem 物主代词 说明事物所属关系的代词 分为形容词性和名词性两种 形容词 性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir 名 词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 反身代词 表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关 是一种表示反射或强调的代词 第 三 人 称 单数第 一人 称 单 数 第二 人 称单 数男女物体 第一人称 复数 第二人称 复数 第三人称复 数 myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves 2 句子成分 8 种 主谓宾 定状补 表语和同位语 1 主语是句子所要说的人或事物 回答是 谁 或者 什么 通常用名词或代词担任 如 I m Sarah 2 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态 回答 做 什么 主要由动词担任 如 Jack cleans the room everyday 3 表语在系动词之后 说明主语身份或特征 通常由名词 代词或形容词担任 如 She is beautiful 4 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果 回答做的是 什么 通常由名词或代词担任 如 He can spell the word 有些及物动词带有两个宾语 一个指物 一个指人 指物的叫直接宾语 指人的叫间接宾语 如 He wrote me a letter 5 定语修饰名词或代词 通常由形容词担任 如 Shanghai is a big city 6 状语用来修饰动词 形容词 副词 说明时间 地点 原因 状态等通常由副词或介词短语担任 如 He is standing in the classroom 7 宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么 通常由形容词或动词充当 如 They usually keep their classroom clean 同位语通常紧跟在名词 代词后面 进一步说明它的情况 如 Ma Yun a great businessman created Taobao Company 二 简单句二 简单句 1 简单句的特点 简单句通常只由一个主语 或并列主语 和一个谓语 或并列谓语 构成 简单句五大句型 1 主谓 I sleep In youth we learn 2 主谓宾 I love books 3 主谓 双宾 Mary give me an apple 直接宾语是指与谓语动词直接发生联系的名词 通常是物 间接宾语是动作所指向的方向 通常是人 give sb sth sb 是间宾 sth 是直宾 give sth to sb cook sb sth sb 是间宾 sth 是直宾 cook sth for sb 4 主 谓 宾 宾补 I found the book easy He makes me cry 宾语补足语宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词 接了宾语意义仍不完整 还需要有一个其他的句子成分 来补充说明宾 语的意义 状态等 简称宾补宾补 宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语 能够充当宾补宾补的 不定式 现在分词 过去分词 形容词 副词 介词短语 I help him to learn I saw Mary singing I find the book difficult He left it on the desk I saw the kite up and down 判断是宾补还是双宾判断是宾补还是双宾 宾语位置第一部分和第二部分是否有逻辑上的主谓关系 三 句子成分判断 三 句子成分判断 My brother hasn t done his homework People speak English They call him Mike What is your given name You will find it useful after you leave school The old man was dead 找出定语 What is your given name 找出宾补 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading room She found it difficult to do the work They call me Lily sometimes I saw Mr Wang get on the bus Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now 找出状语 There was a big smile on her face I come to the school because of that reason 找出直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story My father bought a new bike for me last week Mr Li is going to teach us history next term Here is a pen Give it to Tom Did he leave any message for me 四 并列复合句四 并列复合句 1 基本概念 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成 两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起 但有 时不用连接词 只在两个简单句之间用分号连接 2 常见并列连词 1 并列概念 and not only but also neither nor 2 选择概念 or otherwise or else either or 3 转折概念 but yet while 4 因果概念 for so because 五 主从复合句五 主从复合句 概念 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 1 形容词性从句 定语从句 2 名词性从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 状语从句 定语从句定语从句 She is a beautiful girl She is a girl who is beautiful 找出先行词 关系词 以及关系词充当从句的什么成分 She was the teacher that taught us English This is the boy that we looked for yesterday Do you see the building that is near the bank All my classmates were fond of the cake that I made The book which has a lot of pictures is Tom s The book which I lost yesterday is Tom s I didn t know anything about the man who wrote this The girl who you like is Mary The girl whom you like is Mary I know the man whose bike is blue I come to the room whose window is blue I don t know the time when they come I don t know the reason why they come I don t know the school where they live 关系代词 关系副词 从句完整时 用 从句不完整时 用 关系代词先行词句子成分 who whom that which whose 关系副词先行词句子成分 when where why 关系词填空 The team players are wearing green have won the game This is the teacher taught me Chemistry in 2016 Mary is a girl everybody likes The hospital was built five years ago was the biggest in the city This is the boy dog is very cute I cannot remember my childhood my mother was still young She doesn t know the reason people hate her This is the place a lot of people live 考纲重点 考纲重点 从句中谓语动词单复数要和先行词保持一致 从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略 关系代词指物时 只能用 that 的情况 关系代词指物 只能用 which 的情况 关系代词指人 只用 who 的情况 非限制性定语从句 练习 课课练练习 课课练 P16 名词性从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 状语从句名词性从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 状语从句 引导词 从句为陈述意义引导词 从句为陈述意义 that 从句为一般疑问意义 从句为一般疑问意义 whether if 从句为特殊疑问意义 从句为特殊疑问意义 who whom what which whose when where why 主语从句 1 主从为陈述句 连接词为 that 他昨天没来是对的 2 主从为一般疑问句 连接词为 whether 是否他会来还不清楚 3 主从为特殊疑问句 结构为原疑问词原疑问词 陈述句式陈述句式 他说的不是真的 表语从句 1 为陈述 连接词为 that 答案是我们没有足够的钱 2 表 是否 连接词为 whether 问题是是否我应该相信他 3 为特殊疑问句 结构为疑问词疑问词 陈述句式陈述句式 问题是我们应什么时候出发 Because 也可引导表从也可引导表从 It is was because 原因原因 宾语从句 1 为陈述句 连接词为 that 可省 可省 动物们知道冬天就要来了 2 为一般疑问句 连接词为 whether if 他们想知道是否这是对的 3 为特殊疑问句 结构为疑问词疑问词 陈述句式陈述句式 警察询问谁到这个房间来了 宾从只用宾从只用 whether 不用不用 if 的情况的情况 1 和 or not 连用时 2 从句是介词的宾语时 3 从句和不定式连用时 难点 形式主语和形式宾语的阅读难点 形式主语和形式宾语的阅读 同位语从句 对前面的名词的内容起解释说明 从句是完整句 去掉从句对整句结构无影响 1 为陈述 连接词为 that 他给出了命令 内容是 我们必须注意安全 safety 有许多报道 内容是 现今人们越来越有创造力了 2 表 是否 连接词为 whether 我们会讨论这个问题 内容是 是否运动会会举办 3 表疑问 结构为疑问词疑问词 陈述句式陈述句式 我不知道他什么时候回来 我不知道他为什么拒绝了我 同从常在这类可有具体内容的名词后同从常在这类可有具体内容的名词后 answer idea belief truth problem news fact hope wish promise evidence report information explanation suggestion conclusion 英语英语 16 个时态个时态 一般完成进行完成进行 现在现在一般 do 现在完成 have done 现在进行 is doing 现在完成进行时 have been doing 过去过去一般 did 过去完成 had done 过去进行 was doing 过去完成进行时 had been doing 将来将来一般 will do 将来完成 will have done 将来进行 will be doing 将来完成进行时将来完成进行时 will have been doing 过去将来过去将来一般 would do 过去将来完成过去将来完成 would have done 过去将来进行 would be doing 过去将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing 一 翻译一 翻译 Mary 住在欧洲 小时候他经常去河里游泳 他忘记了时间 你明天会来吗 他告诉了我同学们会在那个夏天参观长城的 我已经告诉她那件事了 昨天当我到教室的时候 已经开始上课了 至上个月 她已经学了 2000 个英语单词了 到下个月底她就在这里住了 3 个月了 她一直笑了 10 分钟了 在他来之前她一直笑了 10 分钟了 她一直住在伦敦三年了 我正在看电视 他来的时候我正在吃饭 明天这个时候他会在写作业 玛丽那时候想明天这个时候他会在写作业 二 用过去时 完成时或完成进行时填空二 用过去时 完成时或完成进行时填空 1 You know I look for a job for three months and this is my first chance 2 My sister stay in Beijing for three months last year 3 The little boy is dirty all over because he play in the mud 泥 all the morning 4 I wonder if you were free this afternoon 5 Here he is We wait anxiously for him since last night 三 选择题三 选择题 1 my glasses Yes I saw them on your bed a minute ago A Do you see B Had you see C Would you see D Have you seen 2 I wonder why Jenny us recently We should have heard from her by now A hasn t written B doesn t write C won t write D hadn t written 3 John and I friends for eight years We first got to know each other at a Christmas party But we each other many times before that A had been has seen B have been have seen C had been had seen D have been had seen 4 How long David and Vicky married For about four years A were being B have got C have been D did get 5 How can you miss the news It on TV all day long A has been B had been C was D will be 6 When Mary came to the house Lily TV A was watching B watches C would watch D had watched 9 The coffee is wonderful It doesn t taste like anything I before A was having B have C have ever had D had ever had 10 My brother is an actor He in several film so far A appears B appeared C has appeared D is appearing 14 This machine What should I do A didn t work B wasn t working C doesn t work D isn t working 15 My friend who in that restaurant all his life will retire next month A served B is serving C had served D has served 16 I in London for many years but I ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China A lived B was living C have lived D had lived 17 We our new neighbors yet so we don t know their names A don t meet B won t meet C haven t met D hadn t met 18 Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular A works B is working C has worked D worked 19 We live day by day but in the great things the time of days and weeks so small that a day is unimportant A is B are C has been D have been 20 you him around the museum yet Yes We had a great time there A Have shown B Do show C Had shown D Did show 21 I m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final I think so He for it for months A is preparing B was preparing C had been preparing D has been preparing 22 By the time he realizes he into a trap 陷阱 it ll be too late for him to do anything about it A walks B walked C has walked D had walked 23 Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular A works B is working C has worked D had worked 24 I have got a headache No wonder You in front of that computer too long A work B are working C have been working D worked 25 The unemployment rate in this district from 6 to 5 in the past two years A has fallen B had fallen C is falling D was falling 26 Now that she is out of job Lucy going back to school but she hasn t decided yet A had considered B has been considering C considered D is going to consider 27 you him around the museum yet Yes We had a great time there A Have shown B Do show C Had shown D Did show 28 Hi Tracy you look pale I am tired I the living room all day A painted B had painted C have been painting D have painted 29 Have you learned something unexplained before Yes I a research on an unexplained fact 6 years ago in my hometown A make B made C have been making D have made 30 Mr White works as a lawyer 律师 now but he as an actor for several years A worked B has worked C had worked D had been worked 31 Now that you a famous mountain climber what are you going to do A have been B are C were D had been 32 I am almost tired out So you are You on the documents 文件 all day A are working B have worked C were working D have been working 5 I here three days ago What these days A got did you do B have got have you done C had got will you do D got have you been doing 6 I m sorry to keep you waiting Oh not at all I here only a few minutes A have been B had been C was D will be 7 You don t need to describe her I her several times A had met B have met C met D have been meeting 8 I came to Canada last autumn What about you Jim I here for about half a year and I miss my family very much A come B came C have come D have been 9 It is said in the book that Thomas Edison 1847 1934 the world leading inventor for about sixty years A would be B has been C was D had been 10 the sport meeting might be put off Yes it all depends on the weather A I ve been told B I ve told C I m told D I told 11 What bad luck that we the football match in the last 3 minutes Especially when we so hard in the past years A had lost trained B were losing had rained C have lost have trained D lost have been training 12 Hi Mary It s nice hearing from you I coming to visit you but too much work prevents me from doing so A had thought of B thought of C have been thinking of D have thought of 13 Miss Jones music at Eton School for ten years No wonder I often hear her singing in her garden A teaches B used to teach C is teaching D has been teaching 14 I think the waitress must have forgotten us we here for over half an hour and nobody our order yet I suppose you are right A have been waiting has taken B have been waiting took C have been waited has taken D have waited took 15 The students don t want to have their supper until they their experiment A finished B have finished C had finished D will finish 16 I play ping pong quite well but I time to play since the new year A haven t B don t have C haven t had D don t have had 17 By now students in Grade One 1 700 English words and phrases A should learn B have learned C learned D learn 18 I my history this time yesterday Now I all my work for today A reviewed had done B was reviewing had done C was reviewing have done D reviewed have done 19 I unexplained things recently and I even some writing A have been researching have started B have researched had started C have been researching have been starting D have been researched have started 20 Where have you been I you the whole day I was in the library reading magazines A have been telephoning B had telephoned C telephoned D was telephoned 21 Shirley a book about China last year but I don t know whether she has finished it A has written B wrote C had written D was