新概念英语第二册笔记-第69课

Lesson 69 But not murder Text I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully After having been instructed to drive out of town I began to acquire confidence Sure that I had passed I was almost beginning to enjoy my test The examiner must have been pleased with my performance for he smiled and said Just one more thing Mr Eames Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you As soon as I tap on the window you must stop within five feet I continued driving and after some time the examiner tapped loudly Though the sound could be heard clearly it took me a long time to react I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward The examiner looked at me sadly Mr Eames he said in a mournful voice you have just killed that child 课文翻译课文翻译 我第 3 次接受驾驶执照考试 按照要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶 我圆满地完成了 在接到把车开出城的指令 后 我开始有了信心 确信我已通过考试 所以我几乎开 始喜欢起这次考试 主考人对我的驾驶想必是满意 的 因为他微笑着说 埃姆斯先生 只剩 1 项了 让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路 我一敲车 窗 你必须把车停在 5 英尺之内 车得立即停下来 我继续往前开着 过了一会儿 主考人砰砰地敲了起来 虽然声音听得很清楚 但我过了好一会儿才作出反 应 我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板 结果我俩的身体都向前冲去 主考人伤心地看着我 埃姆斯先生 他以悲伤 的声调说 你刚刚把那个小孩压死了 New words and expressions 生词和短语生词和短语 murder n 谋杀 instruct v 命令 指示 acquire v 取得 获得 confidence n 信心 examiner n 主考人 suppose v 假设 tap v 轻敲 react v 反应 brake n 刹车 pedal n 踏板 mournful adj 悲哀的 生词讲解生词讲解 1 murder n 谋杀 谋杀案谋杀 谋杀案 e g six murders in one week 一周之内的六起谋杀案 be guilty of murder 犯谋杀罪 commit murder 进行谋杀 v murder sb with sth 用 谋杀某人 e g He murdered his wife with a knife 他用刀谋杀了他的妻子 糟蹋 murder a piece of music 糟蹋了一首乐曲 murderer 谋杀犯 凶手 murderess 女凶手 Kill v 杀杀 杀死杀死 普通用语 指任何一种致死行为 普通用语 指任何一种致死行为 Assassinate v 暗杀暗杀 指出于政治目的进行的暗杀行为 指出于政治目的进行的暗杀行为 Murder v 谋杀谋杀 凶杀凶杀 指非法地有目的的杀害他人 指非法地有目的的杀害他人 Slaughter v 屠杀屠杀 尤指为肉食而屠杀 还指错杀或残酷地杀死很多人 尤指为肉食而屠杀 还指错杀或残酷地杀死很多人 e g Two people were killed in a car accident 在一次车祸中有两人丧生 e g President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas in 1963 肯尼迪总统于 1963 年在达拉斯被暗杀 e g It is said that one person was murdered on the beach 据说一个人在海滩上被谋杀了 e g Tens of thousands were slaughtered on the battlefields of Macedonia 成千上万的人在马其顿战场上被杀死了 2 instruct 及物动词 vt 1 指示 命令 吩咐 e g He instructed me to deliver it to a customer 他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客 2 教授 训练 指导 in e g My job is to instruct her in English 我的工作是教她英语 3 通知 告知 e g My agent has instructed me that you still owe me 150 我的代理人告诉我你还欠我一百五十美元 4 律 委派 委托 3 acquire 1 v 取得 获得 学到 知识 技术 语言等 养成 习惯等 e g Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years time acquire a habit of doing sth 养成 的习惯 e g Tom acquired a habit of smoking acquire confidence 获得信心 V 1 正式 购得 尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西 e g The museum has managed to acquire an important work by Dali 博物馆设法弄到了 西班牙超现实主义画家 达利的一副重要作品 2 掌握 获得 知识 技能等 因自己的能力而 赢得 名声 e g I look on it as an opportunity to acquire fresh skills 我把这当做是一次学习新技能的机会 e g The team has acquired a fearsome reputation 这支队伍赢得了令人生畏的名声 Acquire a taste for 开始喜欢上 e g This beer isn t bad I m beginning to acquire a taste for it 这啤酒不错 我开始爱喝了 4 confidence 名词 n 1 自信 信心 把握 U in to v that e g He lacks confidence in himself 他缺少自信 2 信赖 信任 U in e g We have confidence in the mayor 我们信任这位市长 to have lose confidence in sb lack of confidence 缺乏信心 e g I have much confidence in him 我对他很有信心 in confidence 当作秘密 e g I am telling you this in confidence 我现在告诉你的这件事情是个秘密 strict confidence 绝密 confident adj confident of sth that e g He is confident of victory 他对胜利充满信心 e g a confident smile 一个自信的微笑 5 examiner 名词 n 1 主考人 检查人 审查员 C 6 suppose 及物动词 vt 1 猜想 以为 that e g I suppose he is still in town 我想他还在城里 2 期望 认为必须 认为应该 e g You re not supposed to take the books out of the room 这些书不能拿出屋去 3 必须以 为前提 e g Every effect supposes a cause 任何事的产生都必然有其原因 句法运用 1 be supposed to do sth 尤指因为规定或掌权者的指示尤指因为规定或掌权者的指示 被期望做 应该 被期望做 应该 e g You re supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the classroom 你如果要离开教室 应该先问问老师 本应 本该 用于表示某事本应发生而没有发生 Suppose这个单纯呢很重要这个单纯呢很重要 努力去读懂每句例句 把握努力去读懂每句例句 把握 这个单词在句中所展现的意这个单词在句中所展现的意 思和含义 思和含义 e g The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday but we ve had to postpone it 这个会本应该星期二举行 但我们不得不把他推迟了 2 be supposed to be sth 被相信是 被相信是 被认为 被认为 e g The castle is supposed to be haunted 人们相信这座城堡闹鬼 3 认为 料想 猜想 假定 认为 料想 猜想 假定 Suppose that e g What makes you suppose that we re going to sell the house 你凭什么认为我们准备把这房子卖掉 4 正式 假定 预期 以 正式 假定 预期 以 为条件 为条件 e g The company s plan supposes a steady increase in orders 公司的计划是基于订单将持续稳定增长的预期的 5 I suppose 我想 我认为我想 我认为 用于认为某事真是 但不敢肯定 用于认为某事真是 但不敢肯定 e g I suppose he could have shot himself but where would he have got the gun 我想他可能是开枪自杀的 但他是从哪里得到的抢的 我想 尤用于表示勉强同意某人做某事 我想 尤用于表示勉强同意某人做某事 I suppose so e g Can we come with you Oh I suppose so 我们可以跟你一起来吗 哦 我看可以吧 我猜想 用于猜测 6 suppose supposing 假设 假定 用于要某人设想如果某情况存在会发生什么事 假设 假定 用于要某人设想如果某情况存在会发生什么事 e g Look suppose you lost your job tomorow what would you do 哎 假设你明天丢掉了工作 你会怎么办呢 7 I don t suppose 用于非常礼貌地提出要求 e g I don t suppose you d give me a lift to the station 我能否顺便搭您的车去车站 我以为不会 用于表示某事不大可能发生 8 what s that supposed to mean 这是什么意思 用于表示对某人刚说的这是什么意思 用于表示对某人刚说的话感到恼火 话感到恼火 Conj 假设 假定 用于假设某事发生后带来的后果 e g It s not worth the risk suppose your mother found out 非正式 让 用于提出建议 e g Suppose we try to sort this out before we go 咱们尽量在出发前把这些东西整理好吧 7 tap 及物动词及物动词 vt 1 轻拍 轻叩 轻敲 e g He tapped me on the shoulder 她轻轻地拍拍我的肩 2 轻轻敲出 或敲掉 O e g He tapped the ashes out of his pipe 他轻轻地将烟斗里的烟灰敲出来 3 补鞋底 4 美 指定 选定 e g Mr Smith was tapped for police commissioner 史密斯先生被指定为警察局长 5 装上塞子 嘴子 e g They tapped a barrel of beer 他们打开桶塞放出啤酒 6 在 树 上刻痕取液 e g They worked on the farm tapping rubber trees 他们在这农场做割胶的工作 7 接通 总电源 总水源等 e g They tapped the water main to supply the new residential quarters 他们接通了总水管为新住宅区供水 8 在 装窃听器 e g I guess our telephone has been tapped 我猜想我们的电话被窃听了 9 开发 开辟 e g The scientists are thinking of a new way of tapping the solar energy 科学家正在设想一种新的利用太阳能的方法 名词名词 n C 1 龙头 阀门 e g He left the tap open to fill the kitchen sink with water 他将水龙头开着让厨房的水槽注满水 酒桶等的 塞子 栓子 电流 分接头 电话电话 搭线窃听搭线窃听 窃听器窃听器 e g They put a tap on his telephone and recorded all his calls 他们在他的电话上装上了窃听器 录下了所有通话 8 react 不及物动词 vi 1 作出反应 反应 to e g How did she react to the news 她对这个消息反应如何 2 影响 起作用 on upon e g The two react upon each other 这两者互相影响 3 抗拒 反抗 against e g Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes 孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们 4 起反作用 回过来起作用 on upon e g Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person 恶人往往有恶报 5 化 起化学作用 物 反应 with on e g How do acids react on metals 酸对金属会起怎样的化学反应 e g An acid can react with a base to form a salt 酸和碱反应会产生盐 6 军 反攻 反击 9 brake 刹车刹车 n brake light 刹车灯 及物动词 vt 1 煞住 车 e g He braked his car just in time to avoid an accident 他及时煞车 避免了一次事故 e g The driver braked hard as the child ran onto the road in front of him 那孩子跑到汽车前面的路上 司机猛踩刹车 2 抑制 约束 e g There is little the government can do to brake inflation 政府没有多少办法抑制通货膨胀 10 Pedal 名词 n C 1 踏板 脚蹬 e g He pushed hard on the brake pedal to avoid a collision 他使劲踩下煞车踏板以避免撞车 2 管风琴的脚踏键 11 mournful 形容词 a 1 忧伤的 悲切的 凄惨的 e g the mournful howling of the wind 凄厉的风号声 e g a mournful expression on her face 她脸上忧伤的神情 e g a mournful story 一个令人悲伤的故事 2 悲观的 意气消沉的 e g take a mournful view of human affairs 对世事抱悲观态度 课文讲解课文讲解 1 I was being tested for a driving license for the third time 第一个 for 表示目的 第二个 for 表示次数 driver s licence 驾照 practice licence 营业执照 test 1 v 测验 检查 I d better have my eyes tested 我最好是检查一下眼睛 2 n 考试 试验 检查 have a test drive 试车 test match 国际锦标赛 动名词与现在分词做定语的区别 动名词与现在分词做定语的区别 动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途 现在分词做定语 表示所修饰名词进行的动作 动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途 现在分词做定语 表示所修饰名词进行的动作 a walking stick 拐杖 动名词 a stick for walking a sleeping car 卧铺车厢 动名词 a car for sleeping the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 现在分词 the changing world 变化中的世界 现在分词 2 I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully heavy adj 大量的 多的 密集的大量的 多的 密集的 heavy traffic 交通流量很大 交通拥挤 e g Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one 这条路的交通比另一边的拥挤 traffic jam 堵车 traffic lights traffic signals 红绿灯 heavy adj e g He had a heavy sullen face 阴沉的 e g He dumped the heavy suitcases by the door 重的 e g I felt so full after that heavy meal 因油腻而 难消化的 3 After having been instructed to drive out of town I began to acquire confidence 现在完成时被动形式 现在完成时被动形式 Having been 过去分词 介词短语作时间状语 主从句的主语一致时 可简化从过去分词 介词短语作时间状语 主从句的主语一致时 可简化从 句 句 这句话等等与这句话等等与 After I had been instructed to drive out of town I began to acquire confidence 4 Sure that I had passed I was almost beginning to enjoy my test The examiner must have been pleased with my performance for he smiled and said must have been 表示对过去的事情的猜测 be pleased with 对 满意 eg He was pleased with my progress 他对我的进步很满意 Eg She seemed very pleased that he had come 她似乎很满意他来了 performance n 表现 表演 履行实行表现 表演 履行实行 eg He is excellent in the performance of his duties 他在工作上表现出色 Sure that I had passed I was almost beginning to enjoy my test 在句首中省略了在句首中省略了 being 这个分词结构在句中是状语 表原因 这个分词结构在句中是状语 表原因 eg Worried about his child he didn t sleep last night As he was worried about his child he didn t sleep last night 5 Just one more thing Mr Eames Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you As soon as I tap on the window you must stop within five feet Let us suppose that 让我们假设 eg Let us suppose that there is a forest fire 让我们假设有一起森林火灾 Within prep 不超过 在 不超过 在 之内 之内 eg She returned within an hour 她不到一小时就回来了 eg We are now within sight of the shore 现在我们能看到海岸 6 I continued driving and after some time the examiner tapped loudly Though the sound could be heard clearly it took me a long time to react It takes sb some time to do sth Eg It took me 10 minutes to persuade her to call back later 我花了 10 分钟说服她一会儿回电话 Can be heard 情态动词的被动语态 Eg The mistake could be avoided 这错误可以被避免 7 I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward The examiner looked at me sadly Mr Eames he said in a mournful voice you have just killed that child in a voice 以 的声调 in a mournful angry sad cheerful voice eg He told them the news in a sad excited voice 他用悲伤的声音告诉了他们那个消息 be in good voice 嗓音好 lose one s voice 嗓子哑了 raise one s voice 提高声调 with one voice 异口同声 give voice to 说出意见 eg Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but then finally gave voice to her opinions about the subject 玛丽在讨论的初期阶段沉默不语 不过最后她发表了对该问题的看法 the voice of reason 理性的呼声 关键词组摘录关键词组摘录 1 driving licence 2 heavy traffic 3 acquire confidence 4 be pleased with 5 let us suppose that Key structure 一一 被动语态的构成 被动语态的构成 1 被动语态由被动语态由 助动词助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 及物动词的过去分词 构成 人称 数和时态的变化是通过构成 人称 数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的变化表现出来 的 现以的 现以 do 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成 一般现在时 一般现在时 am is are done 一般过去时 一般过去时 was were done 一般将来时 一般将来时 will shall be done 现在进行时 现在进行时 am is are being done 过去进行时 过去进行时 was were being done 现在完成时 现在完成时 have has been done 2 被动语态的特殊结构形式被动语态的特殊结构形式 1 带情态动词的被动结构 其形式为 情态动词 带情态动词的被动结构 其形式为 情态动词 be 过去分词 过去分词 例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby sitter 6 within five feet 7 press the brake pedal 8 in a mournful voice 2 有些动词可以有两个宾语 在用于被动结构时 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语 另一宾语仍有些动词可以有两个宾语 在用于被动结构时 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语 另一宾语仍 然保留在谓语后面 通常变为主语的是间接宾语 然保留在谓语后面 通常变为主语的是间接宾语 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday 3 在使役动词 在使役动词 have make get 以及感官动词以及感官动词 see watch notice hear feel observe 等后面不等后面不 定式作宾语补语时 在主动结构中不定式定式作宾语补语时 在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略 但变为被动结构时 要加要省略 但变为被动结构时 要加 to 例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building He made the boy work for two hours yesterday 可改为 The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday Mother never lets me watch TV 改为 I am never let to watch TV by mother 4 在被动语态中还可以用介词在被动语态中还可以用介词 动名词结构 介词 动名词结构 介词 after before on 动名词这个结构通常相当于一动名词这个结构通常相当于一 个时间状语从句 如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成 则可以用个时间状语从句 如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成 则可以用 after 动名词的完成式动名词的完成式 表示第一个动作 如果只表示先后顺序 则可用表示第一个动作 如果只表示先后顺序 则可用 after 或 或 before 动名词结构 动名词结构 on 动名词通常动名词通常 表示两个动作几乎同时发生 表示两个动作几乎同时发生 After having been instructed to drive out of the town I began to acquire confidence 在接到把车开出城的指令后 我就开始有信心了 The man called the police after being robbed 那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话 He killed a child before being arrested 他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子 On After being told that her mother was seriously she hurried back to England 她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国 被动语态用于介词 动名词结构一般不用于口语 比较正式 练习 练习 a 用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空 用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空 1 Many stars can see at night 2 The report is write by one of the best students 3 Upon rob the man called the police at once 4 He killed a child before arrest 5 On tell that her mother was seriously ill she hurried back to England 6 She was sent abroad to train 7 The huge bridge damage before the World War 8 He hear to move about in her room upstairs last night 9 After cheat by a client he changed his way of doing business 10 The driver must punish by the police he looked so unhappy 二二 过去进行时过去进行时 was almost beginning 1 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作 常和表示过去时间的状语过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作 常和表示过去时间的状语 then at this that time yesterday at nine last night 等连用 但在不少情况下 没有表示时间的状语 等连用 但在不少情况下 没有表示时间的状语 这时需要通过上下文来表示这时需要通过上下文来表示 Eg What were you doing at nine last night 昨晚九点时 你在做什么 Eg I called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer 昨天下午我打电话给你 但是没有人接电话 Eg I was visiting a friend of mine most of the afternoon 我昨天下午大部分时间 都在一个朋友家里 2 当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时 用过去进行时表示较长的动作 过去进行时可用于主句 也当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时 用过去进行时表示较长的动作 过去进行时可用于主句 也 可用于从句可用于从句 Eg It was raining hard when I left my office 当我离开办公室时 雨下得正大 Eg When you called I was eating 你打电话时 我正在吃饭 Eg When I was cleaning the wi