英汉汉英翻译

1 Head 借助上下文 1 He was badly wounded in the head 他头部受重伤 2 You should use your head a bit 你该用一下自己的头脑 3 The dinner cost us five dollars a head 这顿饭花去我们每人 5 块钱 4 Pick with the head of a needle 用针尖挑 5 He was standing at the head of the staircase 他站在楼梯的顶端 6 Let s discuss the question under five heads 我们分 5 个题目来讨论这个问题 7 The head of his bed was piled with books 他的床头堆满了书 8 Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four countries 出席会议的有四 国政府的首脑 9 Go and ask the head of our department 问我们系的头儿去 10 Heads or tails 正面还是反面 11 Where is the head 厕所在哪里 船上用语 1 The baby has got a big head 这娃娃头真大 2 She was combing her hair 她正在梳头 3 A car was parked at the west end of the bridge 一辆小轿车停在桥西头 4 Let me tell the story from the very beginning 让我从头讲起吧 5 He has thrown away the pencil stub stump 他把铅笔头扔了 6 She is the head chief of our group 她是我们组的头儿 7 They are on the same side 他们是一头儿的 8 We mustn t pay attention to only one aspect of the manner 事情不能只顾一头 9 This is the first time I have been in Hangzhou 这还是我头一次来杭州呢 有时候 上下文不一定是完整的长句 上下文可以是一个短短的词组或是一个紧凑的固定 搭配 也就是说 我们可以根据两三个字或词语来确定某一个字或词语的意思 下面是两 组例子 Man 1 man and his wife 丈夫和妻子 2 officers and men 官和兵 3 his man Friday 他的仆人礼拜五 丹尼尔 笛福 鲁宾逊漂流记 4 man of war 战舰 5 Be a man 要像个男子汉 Sophisticated 1 sophisticated man 老于世故的人 2 sophisticated woman 狡黠的女子 3 sophisticated columnist 老练的专栏作家 4 sophisticated electronic device 高度精密的电子装置 5 sophisticated weapon 尖端武器 有时候 在一个狭窄的上下文里 我们的确无法对某一个词语进行选义 我们必须借助于 更为宽广的上下文来选顶该词语的真正意义 1 Please tell me if you can help us Please tell me in case you can help us 如果你能帮助我们 请告诉我一声 Please tell me whether you can help us 请告诉我 你是否能帮助我们 2 I m sure I ll beat john this time 2 I m sure I ll defeat john this time 我这次肯定会 在比赛中 战胜约翰 I m sure I ll hit john this time 我这次肯定要揍约翰一顿 3 We have no spring here We have no spring season here 我们这里没有春天 We have no mechanical spring here 我们这里没有弹簧 We have no fountain here 我们这里没有泉水 1 It was a girl with good manners 这是一位举止得体的姑娘 2 These were all labeled as good eggs 这些都被标为新鲜的鸡蛋 3 Dogs are often regarded as man s good friends 狗经常被认为是人们的忠实朋友 4 He was told when complaining that he could not follow Nasser s moves that Nasser was a good chess player 有一次 当他抱怨纳赛尔棋步难以捉摸时 有人对他说 纳赛尔是 个高明的棋手 5 yet as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life who is really deserving of the praises the stone cutter carves over his bones who is a good Christian a faithful Christian a good parent a loving parent a good child a obedient child a good wife a virtuous wife or a good husband a dutiful husband who actually does have a disconsolate family to mourn his loss W M Thackeray Vanity Fair 不过偶尔也有 几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨上的好话 真的是虔诚的教徒 慈爱的父母 孝顺 的儿女 贤良的妻子 尽职的丈夫 他们家里的人也的确哀思绵绵地追悼他们 英语成语翻译的多样性英语成语翻译的多样性 to be on tenterhooks 心情烦乱 焦急 紧张 心情烦乱 焦急 紧张 1 She was on tenterhooks when she heard of her mother s illness 她得知母亲病了 坐立不 安 2 He was on tenterhooks of expectation during our conversation 在我们谈话时 他因有所期 待而如坐针毡 3 I found him on tenterhooks when he was waiting for his girlfriend 我发现他在等女朋友时 显得局促不安 4 The President being told of the strong earthquake in his country was on tenterhooks every minute 得知本国发生了强烈地震 总统一直心乱如麻 5 His parents were was on tenterhooks all the time until they got his letter 他的父母在收到他 的信前 一直是那样的心烦意乱 6 The students were on tenterhooks before the examination 考试开始前 学生们的心里七上 八下 7 The poor boy was on tenterhooks when his father was searching for a stick 那个可怜的男孩 见父亲到处找棍子 感到六神无主 8 The hen pecked man was on tenterhooks when his wife scolded her way into the room 当妻 子骂骂咧咧闯到房间来时 这个得了 妻管严 的男人便有些手足无措 对 to be on tenterhooks 有两个释义 1 to be in a worried anxious or nervous state of mind 心情烦乱 焦急 紧张 心情烦乱 焦急 紧张 2 to be in a state of anxious expectation 急切等待 除了第二和第三例句都属于第一释义 尽管 2 3 中有等待之意 但侧重点还是在于等待造成的心情烦乱 如果把所有的例句都翻 译成 心情烦乱 或 心情紧张 译文会显得苍白无力 枯燥乏味 例句对同一成语 3 采用了多样性译法 并采用四字格 这八条成语意思相近 但是 我们必须仔细体会 不同译文之间在词义的轻重程度上所存在的细微差别 它们中的大多数并不能相互替 换 1 cookhouse 厨房 glasshouse 玻璃房 washhouse 洗衣房 engine house 机车房 outhouse 外屋 counting house 会计室 gatehouse 警卫室 greenhouse 温室 guardhouse 卫兵室 hothouse 干燥室 lathhouse 遮光育苗室 teahouse 茶室 2 almshouse 济贫院 bughouse 精神病院 madhouse 精神病院 nuthouse 精神病院 pesthouse 隔离病院 poorhouse 救济院 workhouse 感化院 劳动教养所 boarding house 宿舍 doss house 廉价旅社 farmhouse 农舍 schoolhouse 校舍 chophouse 小餐馆 coffeehouse 咖啡馆 guesthouse 宾馆 steakhouse 牛排馆 flophouse 廉价旅社 roadhouse 客栈 backhouse 屋外厕所 clearing house 票据交换所 clubhouse 俱乐部会所 pleasure house 娱乐场所 bathhouse 澡堂 chapter house 教士会礼堂 meeting house 礼拜堂 springhouse 冷藏间 dead house 停尸间 lich house 停尸间 summerhouse 凉亭 playhouse 剧场 儿童游戏馆 slaughterhouse 屠宰场 statehouse 州议会的大楼 firehouse 消防站 boathouse 船库 icehouse 冰库 storehouse 仓库 warehouse 仓库 gun house 炮塔 lighthouse 灯塔 tollhouse 通行税征收处 weigh house 过磅处 townhouse 市政府 alehouse 啤酒店 beerhouse 啤酒店 mug house 啤酒店 pothouse 小酒店 barrelhouse 低级酒吧 bakehouse 面包厂 brewhouse 啤酒 酿造厂 gashouse 煤气厂 packing house 食品 包装厂 powerhouse 发电厂 sugarhouse 制糖厂 dye house 染坊 blockhouse 碉堡 customhouse 海关 3 jailhouse 监狱 cave house 窑洞 flash house 魔窟 bunkhouse 简易工棚 cowhouse 牛棚 doghouse 狗窝 henhouse 鸡窝 birdhouse 鸟笼 本意是 房屋 然而 可以同许多别的英语单词进行构词 用来后置构词时 含义丰富 在汉译时必须区别对待 本意词 房 屋 室 功能词 院 舍 馆 社 栈 所 堂 间 亭 场 楼 站 库 塔 处 府 店 吧 厂 坊 堡 关 贬义词 狱 洞 窟 棚 窝 笼 总而言之 选词要在正确选义的基础上作到地道 要使译文在表达山峰符合译文的语言 4 习惯 表达中的选词 一组与 死 的同义词的对应翻译 请特别注意原文与译文在文体 语 域 比喻形象和感情色彩上的对应程度 1 to go to sleep 长眠 2 to be no more 没了 不在了 3 to close one s eyes 闭眼 合眼 4 to lay down one s life 献身 5 to die a martyr 牺牲 6 to expire 逝世 7 to pass away 去世 与世长辞 8 to end one s day 寿终 9 to breathe one s last 咽气 断气 10 to go west 归西 11 to come to a violent death 横死 死于非命 12 to give up the ghost 见阎王 13 to kick the bucket 翘辫子 翻白眼 14 to kick up one s heels 蹬腿 伸腿 15 to answer the last call 授命 16 to abandon the