2020届普通高等学校高三英语（全国1卷）模拟试题八

2020年普通高等学校招生统一考试模拟卷(八)英语本试卷6页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等 相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内。2.选择题每小题选出答案后，请用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；不能答在试卷上。.3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域 内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅 笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂。AIt was several years ago when my wife asked me to meet her at the local department store on Black Friday morning. They had advertised a childs bike that she wanted to purchase for our son. We stood with a very large crowd, waiting for the manager to blow the whistle. After a while the whistle blew. It was like throwing a basket of chum into a tank of sharks. I told my wife that if we obtained a bike, fine, but if we did not, I was OK with that too.As the boxes of bikes began to gradually decrease, I saw my opportunity to wrap my hands around the corner of one of them. I lifted it off and suddenly felt some mild resistance. I looked up to see one of the largest men I had ever seen in my life. Frightening was not enough to describe his presence. He was decorated with numerous leather belts with metal buttons around both arms and even his neck. Tattoos (纹身) were an obvious passion of his.I started to loosen the box but he gently pushed it back in my direction and back into my hands. He then directed it into my shopping cart. He looked at me, smiled, and said, “Merry Christmas.”My wife and I went to the checkout, paid for the bike and went home. All the way home I was thinking that this moment was by far the best Christmas gift I had ever received. The kindness of a human heart in a simple act of a stranger broke all preconceived notions (先入为主) I may have had. I will never forget it.1What does the underlined word “chum” mean in Paragraph1?AGifts.BFood.CGoods.DSouvenirs.2Why did the author loosen the box when seeing the man?AThe author didnt want to buy it.BThe man needed it more.CThe author was frightened by the man.DThe man got the box first.3What can be a suitable title for the text?AThe Best Christmas Gift.BThe Largest Man I Have Ever Seen.CAn Unforgettable Bike.DA Shopping Experience.BAs technology in the security field advances, so does the intelligence of the burglars in prevailing over this technology. Gone are the days when a simple alarm system, connected to your phone line, was enough to protect you from potential security risks.Cellular alarm systems (蜂窝报警系统)are a replacement of the traditional wired phone line security networks. These systems work just like your cell phone. A cellular module is placed in the main control panel and it sends signals, without the use of wires, to the monitoring station. The cellular signal is sent via the data part of a cellular signal, much like a text message.Sensors can be placed anywhere in your house. Whenever there is an emergency, the relevant sensor picks up the unusual activity and sends a cellular signal to the main control panel. The control panel serves more than one purpose, which sends a cellular signal at the same time to the monitoring service at the back end. The monitoring service later informs the relevant authorities in the form of high-pitched sirens (高音警笛声). Typically it takes a few minutes for emergency services to arrive at the scene. Depending on the efficiency of your monitoring service and the local authorities, help should arrive soon and deal with the potential threats.It allows you to monitor your house remotely. All you have to do is simply access the cameras from your phone and keep a check for any unusual activities while you are not around. With cellular technology securing your house, you dont have to worry about the power failure or even burglars cutting your phone lines.Since these systems operate on batteries, you should be careful about when the batteries die out. There might be other appliances including microwave ovens and WiFi in the house that can cause disruption (干扰). Ensure that your cellular alarm systems range is not affected by the presence of these appliances. Many homeowners tend to go for wireless systems due to the ease of installation (安装）factor. However，keep in mind that a non-professional installation might actually leave the system easy to damage.4What do the underlined words prevailing over mean in Paragraph 1?AImproving.BDefeating.CWorrying about.DLooking into.5How can the authorities know an emergency is happening?AThey hear high-pitched sirens.BThey read the cellular signal.CThey check the control panel online.DThey notice the unusual activity via sensors.6What can we know about the cellular alarm system?AIt looks like a phone.BIt is energy-saving.CIt needs to be improved.DIt is wireless.7Whats the purpose of the last paragraph?ATo give cautions about the system.BTo introduce the benefits of the system.CTo call on people to watch out for security risks.DTo teach people to install the system correctly.CBluePlanetIIs latest episode (情节) focuses on how plastic is having a destructive effect on the ocean and slowly poisoning our sea creatures. Researchers recently also found that sea creatures living in the deepest place on Earth, the Mariana Trench, have plastic in their stomachs. Indeed, oceans are drowning in plastic.Though it seems that the world couldnt possibly function without plastics, plastics are a remarkably recent invention. The first plastic bags were introduced in the 1950s, the same decade that plastic packaging began gaining popularity in the United States. This growth has happened so fast that science is still catching up with the change. Plastics pollution research, for instance, is still a very early science.We put all these plastics into the environment, but we still dont really know what the outcomes are going to be. What we do know, though, is disturbing. Ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. One in three leatherback turtles, which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies. Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating plastics on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.And its not just wildlife that is threatened by the plastics in our seas. Humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat. I could understand why some people see ocean plastic as a disaster, worth mentioning in the same breath as climate change. But ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change. There are no ocean trash deniers (否认者), at least so far. To do something about it, we dont have to remake our planet energy system.This is not a problem where we don t know what the solution is. We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. We can all start by thinking twice before we use single-use plastic products. Things that may seem ordinary, like using a reusable bottle or a reusable bag-when taken collectively, these choices really do make a difference.8Why is plastics pollution research still a very early science?AThe plastics pollution research is too difficult.BPlastics have produced less pollution than coal.CPlastics have gained popularity too fast for science to catch up.DThe world couldnt possibly function without plastics.9How did the author support his opinion in Paragraph 3?ABy citing quotes from leading experts.BBy making a comparison and contrast.CBy listing examples from his own experience.DBy presenting solid statistics.10What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?AWe reap what we sow.BThe shortest answer is doing.CAll things are difficult before they are easy.DActions speak louder than words.11What is the main idea of the passage?AThe oceans become choked with plastic.BOcean plastic is a global issue.CBluePlanetII has left viewers heartbroken.DPlastics gain in popularity all over the world.D“If I only had a little humility, Id be perfect,” the media giant Ted Turner supposedly said sometime in the 1990s. Why be modest? Aristotle said: “All men by nature desire to know.” Intellectual humility is a particular instance of humility, since you can be down-to-earth about most things but still ignore your mental limitations.Intellectual humility means recognising that we dont know everything. Actually, it means we should acknowledge that were probably biased in our belief about just how much we understand and seek out the sources of wisdom that we lack.The Internet and digital media have created the impression of limitless knowledge at our fingertips. But, by making us lazy, they have opened up a space that ignorance can fill. The psychologist Tania Lombrozo of the University of California explained how technology enhances our illusions (错觉) of wisdom. She argues that the way we access information is critical to our understanding and the more easily we can recall an image, word or statement, the more likely well think weve successfully learned it, and so withdraw from effortful cognitive processing. Logical puzzles presented in an unfriendly font (字体), for example, can encourage someone to make extra effort to solve them. Yet this approach runs counter to the nice designs of the apps and sites that populate our screens, where our brain processes information in a “smooth” way. What about all the information that presents online? Well, your capacity to learn from it depends on your attitudes. Intellectually humble people dont hide or ignore their weaknesses. In fact, they see them as sources of personal development, and use arguments as an opportunity to refine their views. People who are humble by nature tend to be more open-minded and quicker to resolve disputes, since they recognise that their own opinions might not be valid.At the other end of the scale lies intellectual arrogance. Such arrogance almost always originates from the egocentric bias the tendency to overestimate their own virtue or importance, ignoring the role of chance or the influence of other peoples actions on their lives. This is what makes these people credit success to themselves and failure to circumstance. From an evolutionary perspective, intellectual arrogance can also be seen as a way of achieving dominance through forcing ones view on others. Intellectually arrogant people hardly invest mental resources in discussion or working towards group consensus, thus making it hard for groups to work successfully.The Thrive Center for Human Development in California, which seeks to help young people tum into successful adults, is funding a series of major studies about intellectual humility. Their hypothesis is that humility, curiosity and openness are key to a fulfilling life. “Without humility, you are unable to learn,” Laszlo Bock, Googles Head of People Operations, notes.12The passage is mainly about _.Athe harm arrogance does to usBthe key elements to a fulfilling lifeCthe significance of intellectual humilityDthe way people access information online13Technology enhances our illusions of wisdom because it _.Aenables people to think criticallyBoffers too much unreliable informationCallows easy access to abundant informationDmakes it hard for people to recall information14According to Para.3, intellectually humble people _.Avalue others opinions more than their ownBuse online information to better themselvesCare unwilling to show their strengthsDprefer to solve difficult problems15The author will probably agree that _.Aintellectual arrogance is the result of evolutionBintellectually arrogant people often lack team spiritsCsuccessful people are often unaware of their limitationsDcircumstances dont favor intellectually arrogant people第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fiction books tend to be much more popular than self-improvement books. Fiction books are designed and written in such a way as inspires you to continue reading them. On the other hand, non-fiction books in the self-improvement field are intended to help you settle a problem or reach a specific goal. In most cases, these types of books arent written in the form of stories. 16 Self-improvement books can open up all kinds of future chances for you. Youll learn new things, be inspired, and develop a deep love for practical knowledge and wisdom. 17 Youll be able to use the ideas and advice that you learn in your daily life. And once you do this, youll be likely to get positive results.18 The secret is to understand your present situation and to have a clear vision of what you hope to achieve in the future. The ideal self-improvement book will be one that fits your present needs. 19 In this way, you can identify all the problems youre facing. Once youve recognized a problem, try to figure out the cause behind it. Then keep the problem and the cause in mind when you come to choose a book.A keyword search of an online booksellers listing will usually throw up dozens or even hundreds of results. 20 For example, you can read the foreword, look at comments and consider whether the book can give you the answers you need. The whole process may take you some time but itll be worth it.AAnd whats the most exciting thing?BThey read specifically for self-improvement and success.CSo you need to take a good look at yourself and your life.DThen, how can we choose a right self-improvement book?E.This leads many people to believe the books are boring to read.F.After picking the book, keep your desired answer in mind as you read.G.However, there are many things you can do to narrow these results down.第二部分英语知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)第一节 完形填空(共20小题:每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Winters are always long and cold in North China. The winter of 2008 was especially tough in onesouthwestern city, 21 it became extremely cold and itwas also a difficult time for me. What was worse, a(n) 22 injury happened to me and it might keep me in bedfor several months, “Just in time for the Spring Festival, ” my mother said to me, sighing. But how could I feel the 23 when the snow was so heavy and I had months of physical 24 ahead?One day I was doing my housework 25 there wasa tap against the window from a branch of the troublesome fruit tree. On hearing this, with my eyes closed, slowly, I began to recall the fall of 1995 when somebody placed apipe from my pump next to the 26 .The earth was so wet that it 27 immediately with most its bare rootsupward. Seeing this, my mother 28 to pull it out, but I refused“How hard its trying!” I said, 29 the direction of its strong holding of the earth. “It is 30 of a chance to survive.”With tools, we 31 dry soilaround the tree and put up some supports into the ground, making it 32 upright.Several months had passed before Icould be 33 of it. Surprisingly, when spring returned, my “ rescue 34 ”had grown some leaves and many 35 . In 2009 that little rescue stick had grown into a toweringtree. What an unbelievable miracle of life!The day before the Spring Festival, the 36 at thewindow was continuing, the more fierce wind, the 37 sound, as if to remind me to look up and appreciate its powerful life.That night I slept peacefully having a(n) 38 .In the dream some flowers were coming out 39 . The next morning I stood against the window. 40 the window was the tree bursting with life. Anyway, I had awonderful Spring Festival that year.21AwhereBwhichCwhenDthat22AadmirableBterribleCfavorableDslight23AdutyBjoyCcoldDfailure24AtreatmentBreportCexerciseDexperiment25AwhileBasCwhenDthat26AwindowBtreeCbranchDwall27Astood upBcame outCgot outDfell down28AdecidedBpretendedCfailedDcontinued29Aattaching toBwatching overClooking intoDpointing to30AconfidentBproudCworthyDcertain31AthrewBturnedCneededDplaced32AbendBdropCstandDswing33AawareBtiredCworthwhileDproud34AtoolBstickCpipeDpump35ArootsBnutsCflowersDstems36AtappingBstrikingCattackingDhitting37AmoreBmostCbetterDbest38AideaBwalkCrestDdream39ApolitelyBshylyCpassivelyDwildly40AOnBOutsideCInsideDBesides第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。How to Avoid the Coronavirus? Wash Your HandsAs a New York Times reporter in China, I covered the SARS outbreak in 2002 and 2003 41 a new virus was first detected in Guangdong. My two children attended elementary school in Beijing throughout the outbreak.The International School of Beijing, where my children were students, 42(be) one of the few in Beijing that stay