英语课后题(下)

Lesson 1 Vocabulary A 1 There has been much opposition from some social groups from the farming community A straightforwardly B notably C virtually D exceptionally 2 The view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline dependency isolation and often poverty A predominant B credulous C inclusive D sustainable 3 But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody either by judges or by the most of governments A tough B demanding C diverse D benign 4 The foreman read the of guilty fourteen times one for each defendant A prejudice B verification C verdict D punishment 5 They fear it could have an effect on global financial markets A sizeable B adverse C beneficial D consequential 6 The UN threatened to economic sanctions if the talks were broken off A engage B pursue C abandon D invoke 7 There are at least four crucial differences between the new and the old government A regime B hegemony C complex D federation 8 These questions a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world A evolve B constitute C tolerate D aroused 9 Because of this a strong administrative was needed to plan the use of scarce resources organize production and regulate distribution A apparatus B constitution C insistence D extinct 10 I learnt that there are no genuinely animals in this area all the animals were brought here from other places A endangered B domesticated C indigenous D extinct B 1 The book concludes with a review of the possible impact of more intimate computers for good or ill in various areas of human life 2 Moreover it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it 3 This case gave the example of breaking someone s arm that is a really serious injury but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim s life 4 Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored that is of mixed European and African descent 5 This debate is important because it points up that the facts are not necessarily as simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem 6 In the beginning the meaning of life might be debated but once past the first period many of the conversations follow a well worn route from one topic to the next and back again taking in most of human life 7 But since agriculture forms the basis of our industry it was by and large also an intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general 8 Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education career structure pay and conditions of service and concentrate on manpower management 9 It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain However one thing is crystal clear it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants 10 But if animal populations are too small then they simply die out Translation 1 For English is a killer It is English that has killed off Cumbric Cornish Norn and Manx There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic and Welsh that their long term future must be considered very greatly at risk 因为英语是个杀手 正是英语造成了坎伯兰语 康沃尔语 诺恩语和马恩语等语言的 消亡 在这些岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已经存在的语言 然而 英 语在日常生活中无处不在 所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语 英语对现在的凯尔特 语 爱尔兰语 苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大 它们的未来岌岌可危 2 He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism a condition parallel to racism and sexism As Phillipson sees it leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly white English speaking world have by design or default encouraged or at least tolerated and certainly have not opposed the hegemonic spread of English a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion 同时 他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视 和种族歧视 性别歧视的情况类似 的 的偏见密切相关 在菲利普森看来 在以拜仁英语为主导的世界 最重要的机构和个 人 有意或无意地 鼓励或者至少容忍了 肯定没有反对 英语霸权主义式的传播 这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张 3 By and large we now view them as more or less benign and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world And it is fairly safe to do this because none of them now poses much of a threat 总的来说 我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看做有利的语言 在谈到与之有关的文化 及其为世界所做的贡献时 我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏 而且这样做也没有太大的风险 因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁 4 Yet many people see English as a blessing Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language such as a large communicative network a strong literary and media complex and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus 然而 许多人把英语看成是一件幸事 在此 我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显 优势 例如广泛的通信网 强大文化传媒体系 及强有力的文化教育机构 5 English speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime and the black opposition whose members had many languages was at first weak and disorganized 讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权 而黑人反对力量 其成员讲多种 语言 在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织 6 Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world s lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible form the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse 这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处 同时 尽可能避免招来灾难 Oral practice and discussion 1 Why did Glancille Price say that English is a killer Because it has caused extinction of lots of small languages such as Cumbric Cornish Norn and Manx and it also threatens the existence of remaining Celtic languages 2 According to McArthur in what way is English different from other world languages Generally people view world languages such an Arabic Chinese Greek Latin and Sanskrit as more or less benign and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world And the author believes it is fairly safe to do this because none of these languages now poses much of a threat English however is another case It is probably too close for us to be able to analyze and judge it as dispassionately as we may now discuss the influence of Classical Chinese on East Asia or of Classical Latin on Western Europe We may not have the last word on its influence until centuries later 3 Why does the author say that English is a curse for the indigenous peoples of Australia and something of a blessing for those in South Africa When the first Europeans arrived in Australia there were hundreds of languages Now many of these languages have died out many more are in the process of dying out and these dead and dying languages have been largely replaced by either kinds of pidgin English or general Australian English However in South Africa the black opposition whose members had many languages was at first weak and disorganized It was English that helped opposition gain strength and organization Instead of being a language of oppression English became for them the key language of freedom and unity 4 What should we do to make the most of English while avoiding the curse it may bring Open 5 Do you think that teaching English to speakers of other countries is an act of linguistic imperialism The influence of the U S and Britain on the rest of the world past and present cannot be denied and the teaching of English can never be entirely neutral Language is never a neutral vehicle for communication the context comes with it like it or not English is a double edged sword so to speak There is an element of cultural imperialism given that even if one doesn t teach culture per se culture is still nonetheless encoded in language in a very real sense On the other hand the student either needs wants or is required to learn English and therefore learning English has some perceived benefit for the student Furthermore the spread of English has brought about the extinction of many minority languages The question of whether teaching ESL or EFL can be considered linguistic imperialism is controversial Lesson 2 Vocabulary A 1 It was a n task Sybille recalled because it was really the first big party Laura had given in her life A ridiculous B rigorous C accountable D mammoth 2 About one third of the adult homeless are mentally ill and about half are alcoholic or abuse drugs A chronically B sparsely C adequately D individually 3 We spent a wonderful day at her home and all the guests were well A implemented B acknowledged C contended D accommodated 4 Compared to voter participation rates of citizens in other democracies participation in American election is low slightly more than 50 percent of those participate in national presidential elections A feasible B available C eligible D accessible 5 I can only reduce the painful uncertainty and of those first few days by learning relevant information quickly A swamp B bewilderment C chronicle D publicity 6 The in the 1960s and early 1970s were marked by protest and violence on college campuses over United States involvement in the war in Vietnam A exodus B option C turmoil D squeeze 7 Nonnuclear Weapons Agreements signed in 1972 restricted or eliminated the production and use of biological and chemical weapons It also destruction of existing stocks of weapons by the year 2005 A mandated B advocated C seized D banned 8 Nor am I suggesting that black children are somehow linguistically or unable to separate standard English A deficient B demanding C lagged D accelerated 9 When twelve women who to be virgins were found only two would swear an oath to that effect but the executors decided to take the women s word for it A deemed B tutored C professed D donated 10 Pessimism has prevailed for some time and now the of economic optimism is back on the road A chart B core C statute D bandwagon B 1 Only I don t know how I should set about finding a home let alone one that she would be happy in 2 The players alternate between the white and black pieces and draw lots to determine who plays white in today s first game 3 Three negative reports in a row would be a strong indication that the disease had been arrested 4 But it was now three o clock in the morning and the debate was quickly wound up with the money being voted for the site and foundations 5 It argues that even though the Italian authorities may no longer bail out any old bank that gets into trouble the likelihood of government support for big banks has not changed enough to affect its ratings 6 A very lazy way to spend a day in the sun is to buy a day ticket and hop on and off the boats and in and out of the many cafes and restaurants dotted around the lake 7 They won t quit They vow to fight the system in court if necessary 8 You have to be careful and weigh the advantages of their appearance against the disadvantages of their potential to distract from the message 9 But while their leaders considered these lofty goals the party s bureaucrats had more immediate problems on their hands the prospect of unemployment 10 I m well briefed on the subject this isn t my own knowledge Translation 1 Early 2002 President Bush signed the mammoth No child Left Behind Act vowing to free children trapped in schools that will not change and will not teach Now students in 8 652 chronically low performing schools announced by the U S Department of Education July 1 2002 must weigh whether to jump ship in the next few days while school districts scramble to accommodate thousands of students eligible to seize that option 2002 年初布什总统签署了一项 不让一个孩子落后 的重大法案 誓言要不把 困在 那些教学质量不佳又不进行改革的学校里的孩子 解救出来 2002 年 7 月 1 日美国教 育部宣布有 8652 所学校被列为 长期教学质量低下 的学校 现在这些学校中的学生 必须在今后的几天内考虑决定他们是否要转学 同时各个学区也在忙着为负荷转学调 教的学生提供帮助和服务以抓住选择的机会 2 But the immediate impact for many principals teachers and students struggling in the educational trenches is bewilderment and turmoil The law they contend sets lofty standards without telling school districts how to reach them 对于那些在教学改革漩涡中挣扎的学校的校长 老师和学生来说 这一法案的直接后 果则是迷惑与混乱 他们认为该法案指定的教学改革标准太高而又没有各学区如何得 到这些标准 3 We need to be accountable to our public but we need to look at all the measurements 我们必须对公众负责 不过我们必须研究所有衡量指标 4 School are deemed deficient if they fail to show adequate yearly improvement on state proficiency tests for two years in a row But there s no federal master list of poor performers that parents can consult Instead the government requires states to identify individual laggards and break out scores by race and income Few have stampeded to publish user friendly rosters something the new law also mandates 一所学校连续两年在州水平考试中没有表现出 足够的年度改进 就会被认为是不合 格的学校 但是联邦教育部并没有提供一个具有权威性的不合格学校的名单让学生奖 章作为参考 而是要求各州各自确定不合格学校的名单 并且要求他们把学生的考试 成绩按照学生的种族和家庭收入进行分类 新法案还规定各州要公布便于学生和家长 查找的不合格学校的名单 但是没有几个州能很快拿出来 5 Implementation is going to be messy acknowledges Under Secretary of Education Eugene Hickok the former Pennsylvania school chief adding that states shouldn t profess surprise Education Secretary Rod Paige has briefed superintendents and spoken nationwide about the reforms And even if there s not a whole lot of room for a whole lot of choice yet in cities like New York or Chicago says Hickok the law s the law 教育部次长 前宾夕法尼亚州学校总监 Eugene Hickok 也承认 该法案的试试可能会引 起一些混乱 但是他又说歌手也不应为此而大惊小怪 教育部长 Rod Paige 已经向各 学区主管人士就有关改革事宜做了扼要指示并通报了全国 他说 即使在如纽约和芝 加哥这样的大城市 接收择校生比较困难 但 法律就是法律 6 It s easy to bail out and hop on someone else s bandwagon says Wooten But we have the potential to be great just like everyone else in this nation Why don t we create our own bandwagon Wooten 说 人很容易放弃自我 而且追赶别人的潮流 但正如其他的美国人一样 我们都有成功的机会 我们为什么不开创自己的潮流呢 Oral practice and discussion 1 What is the author s attitude towards the new federal law What makes you think so The author is objective in reporting the new law but is pessimistic about the practical implementation of it The author reports in a small portion is the selection about the background the mandate and the purpose of the new law but she reports in a large portion about the immediate impact and the problems brought about by the implementation of the new law and the responses of some of the local school systems and students parents 2 What is the purpose of the new federal law And what is the immediate impact of the new law The purpose of the new federal law is to wake up the schools that will not change and will not teach and prod them to improve But the immediate impact for many principals teachers and students struggling in the educational trenches is bewilderment and turmoil 3 Why did the Mayor of Chicago call the new law ridiculous Mayor Richard Daley called the mandate ridiculous because there are far from enough seats available for the overwhelming transferees and the school system has no idea how to handle the issue 4 Why did the author say that the new law has brought good news to the failing schools After the media reported the failing schools businesses and individuals came to offer them help Businesses donated computers volunteers helped tutor kids and equip classroom A lot of good things are going to come out of it predicts Principal Joy Taylor 5 Why did Terri Wooten decide to keep her kids in their school Wooten says test scores don t reflect the school s many good teachers its strong principal or its accelerated reading program She believes the school and her kids will be doing well Wooten says we have the potential to be great just like everyone else in this nation 6 Do you think that it is a good idea to give elementary school children right to choose schools Open 7 Should students choose schools or should schools choose students Open Lesson 4 Vocabulary 1 As the year progressed the war in Vietnam undermined national unity compelling the president and his advisers to spend much of their time explaining U S policy in Asia A weakened B stressed C broke D split 2 The picture was different from all the others It consisted of a lot of discrete spots of color A mysterious B surprising C separate D bright 3 The preparation for the great military overseas operations entailed months of careful planning and preparation A entitled B required C provided D deprived 4 It was reported that a 19 year old college student at Berkeley was taken from her apartment And two days after the abduction a tape recording was sent to a local radio station A burglary B murder C hijack D kidnapping 5 Mott suffers financially and emotionally as his series of delusional get rich quick schemes goes bad A expected B extravagant C dreamed D drained 6 Then for a number of African Americans the strategy of the Civil Rights Movement was beginning to appear demeaning and even irrelevant A degrading B destining C deviating D descending 7 The member countries of the organization would act only with the sanction of United Nations A punishment B sustenance C approval D authorization 8 Miracles are instantaneous they cannot be summoned but come o9f themselves usually at unlikely moments and to those who least expect them A evident B immediate C inevitable D hidden 9 The Environmental Protection Agency estimated that the cost to industry of compliance with the new rules could be as high as 1 billion a year A following B execution C accomplishment D agreeableness 10 On the basis of the law the woman s right is absolute and that she is entitled to terminate her pregnancy at whatever time in whatever way and for whatever reason she alone chooses A pause B complete C expire D stop Translation 1 The frequency of cohabitation whether as a prelude to or as a substitute for a ceremony with legal force has further undermined the concept of wedlock as a discrete and distinctive state All of these challenges however were or are predicated upon a relationship that is heterosexual fashioned upon the Adam and Eve template 无论作为法定婚姻的前奏还是其替代品 同居现象的频繁出现都进一步弱化了婚姻区 别于其他结合形势的独立特征 不管怎样 所有这些打破传统的结合方式一直以来都 是建立在亚当一夏娃模式的异性恋基础之上的 2 While the reports of individual abductions here on Earth for the purpose of reproductive experiments may rightly or wrongly be dismissed as delusional the intent of the people of Earth to explore the universe in search of extraterrestrial life is a practical reality 有报告说曾发生过外星人为了繁衍后代实验而绑架地球人的事件 但不论这些报道是 否是人们