考研英语改错

中国社会科学院 2002 年博士研究生入学考试试题 PART Vocabulary 15 points Section A Directions Choose the world that is the closest synonym to the underlined word 1 The government slated new elections in the spring largely as a result of the public clamor A demand B view C request D opinion 2 The most prolific writer is not necessarily the best A written about B productiveC artful D religious 3 Imagine my vexation when they said they would come to diner and then didn t show A enlightenment B astonishment C annoyance D contrariness 4 Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily A fearlessly B confidently C silently D prudently 5 There is little learning involved when one is reprimanded two or three months after the deed A recommended B reproached C recompensed D reversed 6 Archaeologists are interested in pottery figurines and other vestiges of ancient civilizations A traces B shards C products D artifacts 7 Packaging is designes so as to encourage impetuous shopping A extravagant B careful C impotent D impulsive 8 Pan of his general thrift is to be meticulous in verifying monthly expenses A painstaking B dilatory C meretricious D gaudy 9 The jurors came to a deadlock in the defendant s trial for murder A a decision of guilty B a decision to punish by electrocution C an impasse D an unusual verdict 10 Among the lowest of the judicial ranks justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors A guidance B sovereignty C anthority D suzerainty 11 A mistake is rarely atoned for by a single apology however profuse A extravagant B produced C divergent D repetitious 12 Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional A permanent B temporary C corrupt D craven 13 The burglars ransacked the room taking anything of Value they found A demolished B took over C inhabited D thoroughly 14 The whole of the endowment was used to refurbish the school gymnasium A millionaires B endorsements C governments D donations 15 The massacre of innocent people cannot ever be condoned A overlooked B praise C condemned D satisfied Section B Directions Choose the answer that best completes the sentence 16 When he realized the true nature of the proposal he all communication with the group A convert B reverted C severed D make 17 The worsening financial situation made it obvious that an economic depression was A attainable B remote C imminent D eminent 18 All of the dental instrument need to be before the next patient is seen A heated B scalded C sterilized D burned 19 Rock climbing is so poular now that many people are able to the steepest face with great agility A scale B surpass C overcome D mount 20 If you call the 911 emergency number they will firemen policemen and paramedics immediately A assignB detach C attach D dispatch 21 His evident to his wife despite her indiscretion proved him to be a man of integrity A personality B character C fidelity D morality 22 I don t know why he has been given It wasn t his accomplishment but his wife s A acclaim B confidence C reimbursement D robustness 23 After a concert tour in Asia Canada and the U S he will work on a five language opera A confine B indulge C resume D undergo 24 When Ph D candidates their impending professorships they consider housing benefits offered by the prospective universities A anticipate B assume C apply D diminis hed 25 My supply of confidence slowly as the deadline approached A withdrew B eliminated C exterminated D diminished 26 The battle is of great significance when viewed in the of the progress of the war A prospective B respective C perspective D prescriptive 27 It has lond been known that total sleep is 100 percent fatal to rats yet upon examination of the dead bodies the animals look completely normal A deposition B destruction C deprivation D reduction 28 In that country hospital doctors don t go sightseeing very often because their work almost all their time A takes up B takes off C takes apart D takes over 29 According to the law of that country the Parliament will have to be before the General Election A decomposed B dispersed C dissolved D disintegrated 30 He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract and now he has to the consequences A answer for B run into C abide by D step into PART Grammar 15 points Section A Directions Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence 31 Switzerland is best known for its majesty mountaion range and thousands flock to the Alps AB C each year to take advantage of their ideal skiing conditions D 32 Police were sent to disperse the crowds but ended up by shooting down protesters and it was in AB this chaos that the seeds of political liberation were sown CD 33 Even today through the hustle and bustle of Nevsky prospect St Petersburg s main street the AB classical beauty of the city mesmerizes the eye CD 34 She is furious of her son s grades in school which explains why Mark is jealous of Julia s high A BC marks on the exam D 35 Smog choked Southern California demands them It s a car for people who never want to go to A a gas station again But the fact is for all the talk selling gas less machines has been a BC hard sell D 36 People thought Hey eat a carp and you will be taking in what it is that gives you thes fish A B their long life span Of course it hasn t done a lot of good for these carp CD 37 In deciding to undertake dangerous pursuits people usually strive for their maximum personal A ability rating when they are challenged but can be victorious rather than merely surmounting the BCD mediocre 38 In proposing such philanthropic donations the director of the company certainly spoke from A B agenuine concern for the need yand not any desire for personal accolades C D 39 The armor infantry and other military forces were held up by the enemy counter attack thus ABC caused the delay in the advance D 40 Just as children the world over like Christmas rooming adults so like Christmas evening ABC when peace and calm return to the household D 41 Each employee with a modicum of intelligence would be able to undertake such a basic ABCD process 42 The economic situation will improve given that there is forecast to be less unemployment AB and closures than in previous years CD 43 The three most important issues of concern to citizens today are prison reform AB abusing children and toxic waste CD 44 I was on the verge of incurring Mr Rochester s wrath AB by not listening to his prohibitions while a ray once more shone almost imperceptibly on the CD hallway wall and I heard his muffled step onthe carpet 45 The above is the most important aspect which apes can be told from more primitive social ABCD groupings Section B Directions Choose the answer that best fills in the blank 46 that the earth was flat A Used it to be thought B Did it used to be thought C Was it used to being thought D Does it used to be thought 47 It is most inappropriate in the college VIP lounge A for any students to be there B for there to be any students C to be any students there D to have there any students 48 She much more accurate responses now had she taken more pains in devising the questions A got B would have got C had get D would be getting 49 An extensive foundation in the basic sciences should be required of all science students A wherher they are future physicists or chemists B by they future physicists or chemists C they are future physicists or chemists D they should be future physicists or chemists 50 The general opinion is that he is to complain A so much a milquetoast B too a milquetoast C too much of a milquetoast D so much of a milquetoast 51 Although of course there are exceptions it seems reasonably clear that in certain countries Rwanda Somalia and parts of the forme Yugoslavia come to mind hunger is less a result of an absolute food shortage a policy decision or the political situation A than of B rather than C but the result of D than is 52 The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as the waters of its lakes ponds oceans rivers and streams A do B does C play D are 53 Perhaps I should not have done so but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was last week A to be started B to have started C to have been starting D start 54 Despite an overlay of quasi literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066 the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic its grammatical structure A the same are B and so are C as did D and so were 55 Although money is always useful it isn t all A what there is to life B to which there is in life C there is to life D that is in life 56 ever so humble there s no place like home A It be B Be it C It was D Was it 57 all customs no matter how sacrosanct are essentially learned reactions appropriate perhaps only to the holders there of is a basic assumption of anthropologists A Nearly B It is nearly C Than nearly D Whan nearly 58 Although women cluster to him like moths around a flame he is none happier for it A but B the C much D any 59 The major reason why Americans enjoy an abundant food supply is that the arable land at their disposal for food production is A three times more the world average B three times as much the world average C three times the world average D the world average is three times 60 The sound of the roaring of a tiger is heard by jungle dwellers feelings of unease for a year does not elapse without victims falling to the tiger s ferocity A always with B ever without C ever with D never without Section A Translate the underlined sentences into good Chinese 15 The Child is Father of the Man wrote the English poet William Wordsworth Adults today are as aware as Wordsworth of the importance of childhood experiences that a cherished and well behaved child has a better chance of growing into a balanced loving and law abiding adult than an unloved one 1 The Children Act of 1989 created to give children much needed protection against abuse in the process legalized the ideology the child comes first But while the nurturing of self esteem in children is now accepted as a requisite of their development the social and economic demands on over worked harassed parent often prevent them from putting this theory into practice where it matters most in the home 2 Indeed much of the time is seems that parents themselves are suffering a crisis of self esteem Reports show that teenagers are increasingly obese and slothful They watch on average between four and six hours of television a day No longer subject to the discipline of the evening family meal the cradle of manners and civil behavior one in three people eats his or her dinner in front of the television 3 The fashion industry is increasingly targeting guilty parents and their demanding children it is not uncommon to see children wearing designer jeans and the latest trainers that they will soon grow out of Pre Christmas toy advertising is designed to strike terror into the hearts of parents and make their children even more demanding and greedy 4 Every office in the land harbors parents who are exasperated especially by boys who are arrogant rude boastful and undisciplined Many parents are too guiltridden or too bewildered by conflicting child rearing advice to do anything other than wringtheir hands with worry 5 The language of civil rights has entered childhood Children as young as six are now so keenly aware of their rights that they freely complain of unfair treatment by their elders Section B Translate the following sentences into good English 15 1 为了保证国民经济持续 快速 健康地发展 我们必须加快国有企业的改革步伐 2 孝道是儒家教育的基石 这宣扬不仅要孝敬父母 而且要臣服于各级各类的权威 3 目前在中国正进行着一场意义深远的社会和经济改革 这个伟大的改革使封闭的计划经 济变成了以市场为基础的开放经济 4 一个母亲如果没有文化 很难担负教育好下一代的责任 占中国人口半数的妇女的文化 素质提不高 全民族的文化素质也难提高 5 我们正努力教育公民不要像西方国家那样过分消费 比如使用过多的空调 私人汽车 以及随意处理的产品 试题详解 PART Vocabulary 15 points Section A 1 A clamor 大声的要求 demand 要求 强烈的 view 观点 见解 request 请求 要求 委婉的 opinion 意见 看法 2 B prolific 多产的 productive 多产的 artful 狡猾的 religious 虔诚的 3 C vexation 恼怒 烦恼 annoyance 恼怒 烦恼 enlightement 启迪 教化 astonishment 惊讶 contrariness 反对 4 D warily 小心警惕地 prudently 谨慎地 慎重地 fearlessly 勇敢地 confidently 信赖地 安心地 silently 默默地 静静地 5 B reprimand 斥责 谴责 reproach 责备 recommend 推荐 recompense 报偿 reverse 翻转 6 A vestiges 遗迹 痕迹 traces 痕迹 踪迹 shards 玻璃或陶瓷器皿的 碎片 products 产品 artifacts 史前古器物 7 D impetuous 冲动的 impulsive 冲动的 extravagant 奢侈的 浪费的 careful 小心的 仔细的 impotent 无力的 虚弱的 8 A meticulous 非常仔细的 严谨的 注意细节的 painstaking 仔细的 精心的 用心的 dilatory 不慌不忙的 meretricious 俗气的 金玉其外的 虚饰的 gaudy 华而不实的 俗丽 的 9 C deadlock 僵局 impasse 僵局 guilty 有罪的 electrocution 电刑 verdict 裁决 判决 10 C jurisdiction 权限 authority 职权 guidance 指导 sovereignty 主权 suzerainty 宗主 权 11 A profuse 极其丰富的 extravagant 过分的 丰饶的 produced 畸形生长的 divergent 分歧的 repetitious 重复的 12 B provisional 临时的 temporary 临时的 permanent 永久的 corrupt 贪污的 craven 胆 小的 13 D ransacked 彻底搜索 仔细检查 thoroughly searched 彻底搜索 demolished 毁坏 破 坏 took over 接收 接管 inhabited 居住 14 D endowment 捐赠 donations 捐赠 millionaires 百万富翁 endorsements 背书 governments 政府 15 A condoned 宽恕 赦免 overlooked 宽恕 宽容 praise 表扬 condemned 谴责 satisfied 感到满意的 Section B 16 C sever communication with 切断与 的联系 convert 转变 revert 回复 17 C imminent 即将来临的 逼近的 attainable 可到达的 remote 遥远的 eminent 优质 的 18 C sterilized 消毒的 heated 加热 scalded 烫洗 burned 烧 19 A scale 攀登 爬越 surpass 超越 胜过 overcome 战胜 mount 登上 20 D dispatch 派遣 assign 分配 detach 派遣 军队 attach 系上 贴上 21 C fidelity 忠实 忠诚 personality 个性 character 特性 特征 morality 道德 22 A acclaim 称赞 confidence 信心 reimbursement 赔偿 robustness 精力充沛 23 C resume 继续 重新开始 confine 限制 indulge 纵容 undergo 经历 遭受 24 A anticipate 期望 预见 assume 假设 apply 申请 应用 demand 要求 25 D diminished 减少 withdrew 撤回 eliminated 排除 exterminated 消除 26 C in the perspective of 从 的角度 prospective 预期的 respective 分别的 各自的 prescriptive 说明性的 27 C deprivation 剥夺 deposition 免职 destruction 破坏 毁灭 reduction 减少 28 A takes up 占据 takes off 起飞 takes apart 拆开 takes over 接手 接管 29 C dissolved 解散 decomposed 分解 dispersed 分解 驱散 disintegrated 分解 30 A answer for 对 负责 run into 撞上 abide by 遵守 step into 进入 开始做 PART Grammar 15 points Section A 31 B 应改为 majestic 32 B 应改为 by 33 A 应改为 across 34 A 应改为 with 或 at 35 A 应改为 is demanding 36 A 应改为 whatever 37 D 应改为 surmount the mediocre 38 D 应改为 any desires 39 D 应改为 causing 40 C so 应改为 also 41 A 应改为 any 42 C 应改为 closure 43 C 应改为 children abuse 44 C 应改为 when 45 B 应改为 in which Section B 46 A It used to do 句型的疑问句形式可以为 Used it to do 或者 Did it use to do 47 B It is inappropriate for to do 48 D 虚拟语气 主句中有 now 所以选 D 49 B 由题意知答案为 B 50 C too to 结构 51 A less than of 与前面 a result of 对应 52 A 助动词 主语构成的倒装结构 强调主语 省去主要动词 又 waters 为复数 所以选 A 53 B 过去将来完成时 54 C 助动词 主语构成的倒装结 构 强调主语 55 C 定语从句 all that there is to life that 可省略 56 B 应用倒装 语句 57 C 主语从句 58 B nont the 形容词比较级 意为 一点也不 毫不 59 C times 直接加比较对象 表示是 的多少倍 60 D 双重否定 表肯定 PART Translation 30 points English to Chinese 1 今天的成年人和华兹华斯一样认识到孩童时期生活经历的重要性 备受关怀 行为良 好的儿童比没有人痛受的儿童有更高 更多的机会成长为心态平衡 关心他人和遵纪守 法的成人 2 可是 人们同意把培养儿童自尊心作为儿童成长的必要条件时 社会和经济的要求又使 得劳累过度 疲惫不堪的父母在家里常常不能把理论和实践相结合 而这两者在家里的 结合是至关重要的 3 青少年在家用晚餐 此即培养礼貌和文明举止的场所 时不再遵守规矩 三分之一的人 一边吃饭 一边看电视 4 圣诞节前的玩具广告使得父母们心惊胆战 却使他们的孩子更加贪得无厌 要求越来越 高 5 许多父母被相互矛盾的养育孩子的忠告弄得负疚太深 极度困惑 从而忧心忡忡 一筹 莫展 Chinese to English 1 The speed of reform of state owned enterprises must be accelerated stepped up to ensure sustained rapid and sound development of the national economy 2 The doctrine of filial piety which was the foundation of Confucian education advocated not only devotion to one s parents but submission to all types of authorities at any levels 3 At present a sweeping and profound social and economic reform is being carried out in China This remarkable transformation has turned a closed economic system centered on plans and projects to an open market based economy 4 A mother in a family who is illiterate can hardly shoulder the responsibility for a good education of the younger generation If we fail to improve the cultural quality of women who account nearly half of the population in China we can by no means improve the cultural quality of the whole nation 5 We are managing to educate citizens to avoid the behaviors of over consumption such as the excessive use of air conditioners private cars and disposable products at will 中国社会科学院 2003 年博士研究生入学考试试题 PART Vocabulary 15 points Section A Directions Choose the word that is the closest synonym to the underlined word 1 In the early 20th century at the advent of the telephone it was considered a superfluous instrument which would never be of practial use in the average household A appearance B popularity C dominance D consolidation 2 The judge remained sober despite the lawyer s ludicrous attempt to prove the defendant s innocence A sad B sorry C serious D surprised 3 A pervasive negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cause of the delay of signing the contract A perpetual B pernicious C preventive D prevalent 4 Helen could not help feeling antipathy toward her father s new wife whom he married just two months after the death of Helen s mother A sympathy B concession C compassion D hostility 5 California seems to be the home of the homeless since many are often observed tramping along railroad tracks and through the downtown areas of the cities A roaming B trimming C stealing D stamping 6 On Christmas Eve in America the shopping malls are saturated with shoppers in a frantic competition for last minute gifts A bustled B soared C filled D broadened 7 The blunder of Argentina s goalie cost them the game in the match against Brazil A triumph B beat C mistake D struggle 8 The child was so ingenuous that even when she knocked the television off its stand so that it was irreparably damaged her parents thought her to be charming A intelligent B ingenious C adroi D naive 9 The low interest rates on banks loans provided an impetus for many to buy homes A incentive B obstade C reason D delay 10 It was an allusion to what the scientist thought was an inappropriate distribution of funds for stem sell research A reference B contradiction C explanation D rejection 11 Tim is dubious about diet pills whi