被动语态讲解

1 被动语态讲解被动语态讲解 语法点拨语法点拨 一 被动语态概述一 被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式 用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系 英语的语语态是动词的一种形式 用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系 英语的语 态共有两种 态共有两种 语态和语态和 语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的 者 者 被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的 者 一般说来 只有者 一般说来 只有及物动词及物动词才有被动语态 才有被动语态 汉语往往用汉语往往用 被被 受受 给给 等词来表示被动意义 如 等词来表示被动意义 如 TheyThey didn tdidn t offeroffer AnnAnn thethe job job 主动语态 主动语态 AnnAnn wasn twasn t offeredoffered thethe job job 被动语态 被动语态 安没得到这份工作 安没得到这份工作 二 被动语态的构成二 被动语态的构成 被动语态由被动语态由 助动词助动词 及物动词的及物动词的 构成 被动语态的构成 被动语态的时时 态态变化只改变变化只改变 的形式 的形式 部分不变 部分不变 三 各种时态的被动语态举例 以动词三 各种时态的被动语态举例 以动词 dodo 为例 为例 1 1 一般现在时 一般现在时 done done 2 2 一般过去时 一般过去时 done done 3 3 一般将来时与过去将来时 一般将来时与过去将来时 done done bebe done done 4 4 现在进行时与过去进行时 现在进行时与过去进行时 done done done done 5 5 现在完成时 现在完成时 done done 6 6 含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 情态动词 be be 过去分词过去分词 三 被动语态的用法 三 被动语态的用法 1 1 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者 TheThe oldold bridgebridge waswas builtbuilt manymany yearsyears ago ago 这座古桥是许多年前建造的 这座古桥是许多年前建造的 2 2 强调动作的承受者 强调动作的承受者 动作的执行者由动作的执行者由 byby 引导置于谓语动词之后 也可省略 引导置于谓语动词之后 也可省略 YourYour planplan isis consideredconsidered toto bebe thethe best best 你的计划被认为是最好的 你的计划被认为是最好的 3 3 动作的执行者是无生命的事物 动作的执行者是无生命的事物 TheThe wholewhole villagevillage hashas beenbeen washedwashed awayaway byby thethe flood flood 整个村庄都被洪整个村庄都被洪 水冲走了 水冲走了 四 主动语态变为被动语态四 主动语态变为被动语态 1 1 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 1 1 将主动句的 将主动句的宾语宾语变为变为主语 主语 如果主动句的如果主动句的宾语是代词宾语是代词 需变为 需变为主格 主格 2 2 将 将动词动词改为改为 be be 过去分词过去分词 bebe 与新主语的人称和数一致 与新主语的人称和数一致 时态不时态不 变 变 3 3 将主动语态的 将主动语态的主语前加主语前加 byby 放在谓语动词后 如果放在谓语动词后 如果原主语是代词 要原主语是代词 要 变为宾格 变为宾格 2 2 主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项 主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项 1 1 含有双宾语 即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子 每个宾语都可变为被 含有双宾语 即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子 每个宾语都可变为被 动语态的主语 即其被动语态动语态的主语 即其被动语态 有两种形式 但多以间接宾语作主语 有两种形式 但多以间接宾语作主语 2 JackJack toldtold usus thethe truth truth 杰克告诉了我们真相 杰克告诉了我们真相 WeWe werewere toldtold thethe truthtruth byby Jack Jack TheThe truthtruth waswas toldtold to to usus byby Jack Jack 2 2 含有宾语 含有宾语 宾语补足语的句子 变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成宾语补足语的句子 变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成 了主语补足语了 了主语补足语了 注意 不带注意 不带 toto 的不定式作宾语补足语时 变成被动时要加上的不定式作宾语补足语时 变成被动时要加上 toto makemake see feel hear notice see feel hear notice sb sb dodo sth sth I I heardheard EmilyEmily singsing thethe songsong justjust now now EmilyEmily waswas heardheard toto singsing thethe songsong justjust now now 我刚才听见艾米莉唱这首歌了 我刚才听见艾米莉唱这首歌了 3 3 动词的主动形式表示被动之意动词的主动形式表示被动之意 某些连系动词 如 某些连系动词 如 look look feel feel smellsmell sound sound proveprove 等 等 4 4 不用于被动语态的动词不用于被动语态的动词 如如 happenhappen costcost AnAn accidentaccident happenedhappened yesterday yesterday 昨天发生了一起事故 昨天发生了一起事故 巩固练习巩固练习 1 1 He someHe some piecespieces ofof advice advice butbut he tohe to them them A A gave gave didn tdidn t listenlisten B B waswas given given wasn twasn t listenedlistened C C give give wasn twasn t listenedlistened D D waswas given given didn tdidn t listenlisten 2 2 A A lotlot ofof talltall buildings inbuildings in hishis hometownhometown inin thethe lastlast threethree years years A A havehave setset upup B B havehave beenbeen setset upup C C werewere setset upup D D setset upup 3 3 GreatGreat changes place changes place ManyMany newnew schoolsschools A A havehave taken taken havehave beenbeen openedopened B B take take areare openopen C C areare taken taken openopen D D havehave beenbeen taken taken areare openedopened 4 4 WeWe can tcan t useuse thethe bridgebridge now now becausebecause it it A A hashas beenbeen repairedrepaired B B isis repairingrepairing C C isis repairedrepaired D D isis beingbeing repairedrepaired 5 5 I theI the wayway toto thethe railwayrailway stationstation byby a a policeman policeman A A waswas shownshown B B showedshowed C C havehave shownshown D D waswas showingshowing 6 6 TheThe warwar thethe oldold soldiersoldier remembersremembers veryvery wellwell in in 1941 1941 A A brokebroke outout B B hadhad beenbeen brokenbroken outout C C waswas brokenbroken outout D D hadhad brokenbroken outout 7 7 WhenWhen water water itit willwill bebe changedchanged intointo vapour vapour A A isis heatedheated B B heatingheating C C hashas heatedheated D D heatsheats A A lockedlocked B B lockslocks C C isis lockedlocked D D isis lockinglocking 8 8 They dayThey day andand night night soso theythey hadhad nono timetime toto staystay withwith theirtheir families families A A areare mademade workwork B B areare mademade toto workwork C C mademade toto bebe workedworked D D areare makingmaking toto workwork 3 9 9 Man madeMan made satellites intosatellites into spacespace byby manymany countries countries A A waswas sentsent upup B B isis sentsent upup C C havehave beenbeen sentsent upup D D hashas beenbeen sentsent upup 10 10 A A strangestrange thingthing inin ourour schoolschool yesterday yesterday A A waswas happenedhappened B B hashas beenbeen happenedhappened C C happenedhappened D D waswas goinggoing toto happenhappen 被动练习 二 被动练习 二 11 11 ItIt isis saidsaid thatthat anotheranother newnew carcar factoryfactory now now Yeah Yeah ItIt oneone andand a a halfhalf years years A A isis buildingbuilding isis takentaken B B isis beingbeing builtbuilt willwill taketake C C isis builtbuilt willwill taketake D D isis beingbeing builtbuilt takestakes 12 12 WhatWhat dodo youyou thinkthink ofof thisthis kindkind ofof TVTV set set whichwhich inin Shanghai Shanghai Well Well I I don tdon t carecare suchsuch things things A A waswas mademade B B isis mademade C C hashas beenbeen mademade D D hadhad beenbeen mademade 13 13 I I wantwant toto buybuy thatthat kindkind ofof clothcloth becausebecause I I thethe clothcloth well well A A havehave toldtold washeswashes B B havehave beenbeen toldtold washeswashes C C waswas toldtold washedwashed D D havehave beenbeen toldtold isis washedwashed 14 14 InIn somesome partsparts ofof thethe world world teatea withwith milkmilk andand sugar sugar A A isis servingserving B B isis servedserved C C servesserves D D servedserved 15 15 TheThe newnew dictionariesdictionaries areare veryvery useful useful TheyThey wellwell andand already already A A sell sell havehave beenbeen soldsold outout B B sold sold hadhad soldsold outout C C sell sell sellsell outout D D areare sold sold havehave beenbeen soldsold outout 16 16 TheThe traintrain arrivearrive atat 11 30 11 30 butbut itit waswas anan hourhour late late A A waswas aboutabout toto B B waswas likelylikely toto C C waswas supposedsupposed toto D D waswas provedproved toto 17 17 TheThe teacherteacher toldtold hishis studentsstudents thatthat theythey toto bebe usefuluseful menmen toto thethe country country A A werewere allall expectedexpected B B werewere allall expectingexpecting C C allall werewere expectedexpected D D allall expectedexpected 18 18 WhyWhy diddid youyou leaveleave thatthat position position I I a a betterbetter positionposition atat IBM IBM 4 A A offeroffer B B offeredoffered C C amam offeredoffered D D waswas offeredoffered 19 All19 All thethe employeesemployees exceptexcept thethe managermanager to to workwork onlineonline atat home home A A encouragesencourages B B encourageencourage C C isis encouragedencouraged D D areare encouragedencouraged 2020 A A librarylibrary withwith fivefive thousandthousand booksbooks to to thethe nationnation asas a a gift gift A A isis offeredoffered B B hashas offeredoffered C C areare offeredoffered D D havehave offeredoffered 21 21 HundredsHundreds ofof jobsjobs if if thethe factoryfactory closes closes A A loselose B B willwill bebe lostlost C C areare lostlost D D willwill lostlost 22 22 WhereWhere diddid youyou gogo lastlast night night I I toto gogo toto LiLi Lei sLei