定语从句 (3)

定语从句定语从句 一 定语从句及相关术语一 定语从句及相关术语 1 定语从句 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句 一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面 2 关系词 引导定语从句的关联词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 等 关系副词有 where when why 等 关系词常有 3 个作用 1 引导定语从句 2 代替先行词 3 在定语从句中担当一个成分 2 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词 并在句中充当主语 宾语 定语等成分 关系代词在定 语从句中作主语时 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 1 who 指人 在从句中做主语 1 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 2 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way 2 whom 指人 在定语从句中充当宾语 常可省略 1 Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus 2 Mr Ling is just the boy whom I want to see 注意 关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替 可省略 3 The man who whom you met just now is my friend 3 which 指物 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 1 Football is a game which is liked by most boys 2 This is the pen which he bought yesterday 4 that 指人时 相当于 who 或者 whom 指物时 相当于 which 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可 省略 5 The number of the people that who come to visit the city each year rises one million 6 Where is the man that whom I saw this morning 5 whose 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 1 He has a friend whose father is a doctor 2 I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in whose 指物时 常用以下结构来代替 3 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired 4 The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired 5 Do you like the book whose cover is yellow 6 Do you like the book the color of which is yellow 三三 介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时 从句常由介词 关系代词引导 1 The school that which he once studied in is very famous 2 The school in which he once studied is very famous 3 Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine that which you asked for 4 Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked 5 We ll go to hear the famous singer whom that who we have often talked about 6 We ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked 注意 1 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用 如 look for look after take care of 等 1 This is the watch which that I am looking for T 2 This is the watch for which I am looking F 2 若介词放在关系代词前 关系代词指人时用 whom 不可用 who 或者 that 指物时用 which 不能用 that 关系代词是所有格时用 whose 1 The man with whom you talked is my friend T 2 The man with who that you talked is my friend F 3 The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable T 4 The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable F 3 介词 关系代词 前可有 some any none both all neither most each few 等代词或者数词 1 He loved his parents deeply both of whom are very kind to him 2 In the basket there are quite many apples some of which have gone bad 3 There are forty students in our class in all most of whom are from big cities 四 关系副词引导的定语从句四 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when 指时间 在定语从句中做时间状语 1 I still remember the day when I first came to the school 2 The time when we got together finally came 2 where 指地点 在定语从句中做地点状语 1 Shanghai is the city where I was born 2 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down 3 why 指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 1 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 2 I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today 注意注意 关系副词 when where why 的含义相当于 介词 which 结构 因此常常和 介词 which 结构交替使用 例如 There are occasions when on which one must yield 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候 Beijing is the place where in which I was born 北京是我的出生地 Is this the reason why for which he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 拓展拓展 判断关系代词与关系副词的方法 判断关系代词与关系副词的方法 1 用关系代词 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 及物动词后面没有宾语 就必须要求用关系 代词 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词 判断下列句子的对错 This is the mountain village where I visited last year I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside This is the mountain village which I visited last year I ll never forget the days which I spent in the countryside 2 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 主 谓 宾 定 状 也就能正确选择出关系代词 关系副词 例 1 Is this museum you visited a few days age A where B that C on which D the one 例 2 Is this the museum the exhibition was held A where B that C on which D the one 即学即练 选择适当的关系代词或关系副词把下列句子补充完整 1 His father died in the year he was born 2 He is unlikely to find the place he lived forty years ago 3 Do you remember the day you joined our club 4 Recently I bought a beautiful vase price was quite reasonable 5 The reason I came here is to get your help 6 I got the book in a small bookstore the name of I cannot remember 7 I will never forget the day we first met 8 Is this the factory you once worked for 9 Is that the reason he gave for his terrible behavior 10 The kind girl shared her umbrella with me this morning turned out to be my boss 五 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句五 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句举例 1 The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on 2 China is a country which has a long history 非限制性定语从句举例 1 His mother who loves him very much is strict with him 2 China which was founded in 1949 is becoming more and more powerful 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分 去掉它主句意思往往不明确 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明 去掉了也不会影响主句的意思 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开 相当 于一个插入语 不能用 that 引导 关系代词做宾语时也不能省略 练习练习练习 判断下列定语从句分别是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句 判断下列定语从句分别是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句 判断下列定语从句分别是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句 ThisThisThis is is is thethethe househousehouse whichwhichwhich wewewe boughtboughtbought lastlastlast month month month TheTheThe house house house whichwhichwhich wewewe boughtboughtbought lastlastlast month month month is is is veryveryvery nice nice nice 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词 对其进行修饰 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数 例如 He seems not to have understood what I meant which greatly upsets me 他似乎没抓住我的意思 这使我心烦 Liquid water changes to vapor which is called evaporation 液态水变为蒸汽 这就叫做蒸发 说明 关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句 6 as which 引导的非限定性定语从句引导的非限定性定语从句 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句 有相同之处也有不同之处 具体情况是 1 as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 代表前面整个句子 1 He married her as which was natural 2 He was honest as which we can see 2 as 引导非限制性定语从句 可放在主句之前 或者主句之后 甚至可以切割一个主句 which 引导的非限制 性定语从句只能放在主句之后 另外 as 有 正如 正像 的意思 1 As is known to all China is a developing country 2 He is from the south as we can see from his accent 3 John as you know is a famous writer 4 He has been to Paris more than several times which I don t believe 注意 当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时 常用 which 5 Tom was always late for school which made his teacher angry 3 当先行次受 such the same 修饰时 常用 as 1 I have never heard such a story as he tells 2 He is not such a fool as he looks 3 This is the same book as I lost last week 注意 当先行次由 the same 修饰时 偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句 但是和由 as 所引导的定语从句意思不同 4 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary s wedding 她穿着她在 Mary 婚礼上穿过的一条裙子 5 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子 难点分析难点分析 一 关系代词 一 关系代词 that 和和 which 的区别的区别 1 只用只用 that 的情况的情况 1 先行词为不定代词 everything little much all anything nothing something no some any few one 等时 关系代词只能用 that We are willing to do anything that is good to the people 2 先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时 用 that This is the best book that I ve ever read 3 先行词被序数词或者 the only 唯一的 the very 正是那个 the last 修饰时 用 that The first book that I read last night was an English novel 4 如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时 定语从句的关系代词只能用 that We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about 5 以疑问词 who which what 开头的疑问句 为避免重复 用 that Which is the b