高考虚拟语气学习方法

第一章 虚拟语气 一 知识归纳 1 虚拟语气在 if 条件句中的应用 1 三种形式 条件从句中的动词 结果主句中的动词 示例 与现在的事实相反 动词的过去式 be 动词一律用 were would could might should 动词原形 If I had time I would attend your party 与过去的事实相反 had 过去分词 would could might should have 过去分词 You didn t let me drive If we had driven in turn you wouldn t have got so tired 与将来的事实相反 should 动词原形 were to 动词原形 would could might should 动词原形 If it were to snow should snow tomorrow we should take photos 2 虚拟条件句中有 were had should 时 可把 if 省略 而把 were had should 放在主语前 用 到装结构 这种结构主要用于书面语中 如 Were it necessary I might resign Had you informed me earlier I would not have signed the contract Should I have time I would call on her Should it rain tomorrow we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace 3 错综时间条件句 在这种条件句中 虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致 因此 主句和从句的谓语动 词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式 如 If I were you I would not have missed the film last night 现在 过去 If they had started in the early morning they would arrive in half an hour 过去 将来 If you had asked him when you saw him last time you would know what to do now 过去 现在 4 含蓄条件句 有些句子中 没有任何表示虚拟语气的词 短语或从句 但仍要用虚拟语气 这时 要么是省略 了表示虚拟语气的部分 要么隐含在上下文之中 如 I would do anything for her if I could We would have made a lot of money but we gave up halfway Without electricity life would be quite different today If there were no electricity 5 用介词代替条件状语从句 常见的介词有 with without but for 如 What would you do with a million dollars if you had a million dollars We would not have finished the word on time without your help if you had not helped us But for the rain if it had not been for the rain we would have finished the work 2 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1 wish 后宾语从句的虚拟语气 与现在事实相反 用 were 或动词的一般过去式 与过去事实相反 用 had 过去分词 表示将 来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望 用 would could might 动词原形 后的从句不能用 should 如 I wish she were here I wish you would go with us tomorrow I wish she had taken my advice 2 order suggest demand insist 等表示命令 要求 建议的词后宾语从句的虚拟语气 形式为 should 动词原形 3 as if as though 后有时用虚拟语气 1 从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生 从句动词用过去时 be 用 were It looks as if she were sick He looks as though he knew the girl 2 从句所设想的时间动作于主句谓语发生 从句动词用 had 过去分词 如 I feel as if we had known each other for years He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself 4 should 动词原形在某些从句中的应用 1 当宾语从句从的谓语是 suggest request insist desire demand propose order command arrange 等动词时 如 I suggested that we should go there on foot 注意 当 suggest 表示暗示 表明时 不用虚拟语气 用陈述语气 如 The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work 当 insist 表示坚持认为之意时 不用虚拟语气 用陈述语气 如 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money 2 It is ordered desired decided requested strange important natural a pity 等后的主语从句 中 It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight 3 advice idea order plan demand proposal suggestion request 等名词之后的表语从句和同 位语从句中 如 My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening 5 would rather had better 后的句子的虚拟语气 1 接动词原形 指现在或将来的时间 表示主语的主观愿望和选择 I would rather do it today You had better not go dancing tonight 2 接不定式的完成式 表示过去的某种不恰当的选择 如 I would rather not have told her the news She is such a gossip 3 接从句 用一般过去时 表示现在或将来的愿望 用过去完成时 表示过去的愿望 如 I would rather you paid the money yourself I would rather she had not done that 6 it is high time that 句型中 从句的谓语动词用过去式 或 should 动词原形 其中 should 不能省掉 如 It is time that you went to school It is time that we should start out 7 在含有 if it were not for 或 if it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中 如 If it were not for the rain the crops would die If it had not been for your help we could not have finished the work ahead of time 8 用于 if only 引导的感叹句中 If only I were a flying bird If only I had seen the film 二 学法建议 在学习 if 引起的虚拟条件句时 同学们首先要牢记它的三种形式 它将为学习此类句子 奠定基础 在此基础上 才能掌握倒装的虚拟条件句 混合虚拟条件句等 综观历年的高考题及各地测试题 wish 引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气 if 引导的虚拟条件及 含蓄条件句是测试的重点 务必请同学们在学习中加以注意 在学习 as if 引导的表语从句或状语从句中的虚拟语气时 要很好理解