2012年高考英语全国试题语法分类汇编之阅读新题型

用心 爱心 专心1 20122012 年全国高考英语试题分类汇编之阅读新题型年全国高考英语试题分类汇编之阅读新题型 精校 精校 wordword 版有答案解析 版有答案解析 1 2012 全国新课标 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为 多余选项 Kids Kids health health FourFour stepssteps forfor fightingfighting stressstress Everybody gets stressed time to time 71 Some ways of dealing with stress 一 like screaming or hitting someone 一 don t solve 解决 much But other ways like talking to someone you trust can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed 1 Get support When you need help reach out to the people who care about you Talk to a trusted adult such as a parent or other relatives 72 They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test or the death of a beloved pet 2 Don t take it out on yourself Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves Oh dear that s good idea Remember that there are always people to help you Don t take it out on yourself 73 3 Try to solve the problem After you re calm and you have support from adults and friends it s time to get down to business 74 Even if you can t solve it all you can solve a piece of it 4 Be positive Most stress is temporary 暂时的 Remember stress does go away especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it These steps aren t magic but they do work And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time you ll help yourself feel better even faster 75 A Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation B Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them C Different people feel stress in different ways D Ah it feels so good when the stress is gone E You need to figure out what the problem is F And don t forget about your friends G Then find a way to calm down 71 答案 C 解析 根据后文可知 不同的人减压的方式不同 是因为他们感到压力的方式不同 考点定位 考查语境理解及主题句 72 答案 F 解析 前文提到和你信赖的人谈话 比如 父母 亲戚 减压求助的另一种方式就是向朋友求助 这 里朋友和父母 亲戚是并列关系 考点定位 考查上下文的语境理解 73 答案 A 解析 根据前文可知 有了压力和心情郁闷的时候 不要你一个人扛着 Don t take it out on 用心 爱心 专心2 yourself 那么就得向别人求助 考点定位 考查上下文的语境理解 74 答案 E 解析 根据后文 你即使不能全部解决所有的问题 但你可以解决一部分 可知前文应列出问题清单 知道有多少问题 考点定位 考查上下文的语境理解 75 答案 D 解析 根据前文 你自己会感到越来越好甚至更轻快 可知后文也应该是好的感觉 故选 D 考点定位 考查上下文的语境理解 2 2012 陕西卷 根据短文内容 从下框的根据短文内容 从下框的 A A F F 选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该选项涂选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该选项涂 黑 选项中有一项为多余项 黑 选项中有一项为多余项 A Be well organised B Close with a Q then we compare the new information to what we already know If the two are different we need to pause and think But a breathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and risks confusing us Slow it 62 C Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions which is very 用心 爱心 专心3 difficult to follow When you the audience confuse your listeners with opposing information you leave the audience wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember Instead of relying and keeping correcting yourself work to get the facts clear and straight 63 A Jumping from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus 责任 on your listeners to make up for your lack of organisation And it s confusing for them to listen reorganise and figure out what you re saying all at once But going smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information more easily You can arrange things from beginning to end small to large top to bottom or by some other order Just be sure to organise 64 F Repeated use of um ah like you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy It makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they can t pay attention Recently I attended a speech that was marked by so many ums that audience members were rolling their eyes Was anybody grasping the intended message Um probably not 65 D Many speakers finish up their speeches with question and answer Q refuse to accept so many work assignments in your private life or your working life 63 I can handle stress is regarded as a positive statement in the world of work People who can handle stress are given more and more to cope with until one day they break Pay careful attention to the signs that tell you that you arc under more stress than you can cope with These signals came from various areas of life You become ill or your work efficiency decreases If you have any of these symptoms change your life goals and decrease your tolerance of stress Say quite openly I can t manage that 64 用心 爱心 专心6 If only I were slimmer more beautiful richer more clever then I would be happier This is a dream that makes a lot of people ill depressed and unhappy Life has its flaws defects comets and edges Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life Of course there are activities in which errors are dangerous driving a car crossing the road But life doesn t consist entirely of these things In among them there is a lot of room for small and large mistakes 65 Successful people ail have their own places where they can withdraw in order to work Find out which places improve your creativity For me it s the train When I know that I m going to be traveling for four hours without phone calls and people knocking on my door I find my mind is free and I can read or write complex articles There can be problems working on the train of course if the person sitting opposite you keeps talking away or if train trips make you tired some people fall asleep after a few miles 答案 61 C 62 E 63 D 64 F 65 B 8 2012 江苏卷 任务型阅读 共任务型阅读 共 1010 小题小题 每小题每小题 1 1 分分 满分满分 1010 分 分 请认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入了个最恰当的单词 注意 请将答请认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入了个最恰当的单词 注意 请将答 案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上 每个空格只填一个单词 案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上 每个空格只填一个单词 Happiness Happiness Advantage Advantage EffectEffect In July 2010 Burt s Bees a personal care products company was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries In this kind of high pressure situation many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in boxes with urgent demands In doing so managers lift everyone s anxiety level which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex 大脑皮层 which is responsible for effective problem solving Burt s Bees s then CEO John Wolfgang took a different approach Each day he d send out an e mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing He d interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company s values He asked me to further a three hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort As one member of the senior team told me a year later Wolfgang s emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one That outcome shouldn t surprise us Research shows that when people work with a positive mind set 思维模式 performance on nearly every level productivity creativity involvement improves Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance For one most people believe that success comes before happiness Once I get a promotion 111 be happy they think Or Once I hit my sales target IH feel great But because success is a moving target as soon as you hit your target you raise it again the happiness that results from success does not last long In fact it works the other way around People who have a positive mind set perform better in the face of challenge I call this the happiness advantage every business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive I ve observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success And I m not alone In an analysis of 225 academic studies researchers found strong evidence of cause and effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes 用心 爱心 专心7 Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics our environment or a combination of the two determines how happy we are To be sure both factors have an impact But one s general sense of well being is surprisingly unstable The habits you form the way you interact with colleagues how you think about stress all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success 71 答案 bother annoy 试题解析 many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in boxes with urgent demands 72 答案 anxiety conern worry 试题解析 In doing so managers lift everyone s anxiety level 73 答案 considerate aware conscious 试题解析 根据文章 Burt s Bees s then CEO John Wolfgang took a different approach 他 用了不同的方法 他了解助手的那种感觉 Be aware of 意识到 了解到 74 答案 loyal faithful devoted committed 用心 爱心 专心8 试题解析 Wolfgang s emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one 75 答案 difference 试题解析 根据文章第三段和第四段可知 Wolfgang 和上面第一段提到的那些负责人的做法不同 他的 这种方法很有区别 故填的是 make a differnce 有区别 有影响 76 答案 positively 试题解析 根据文章第三段 People who have a positive mind set perform better in the face of challenge 可知答案 77 答案 success achievements 试题解析 根据文章 the happiness that results from success does not last long 可知答案 78 答案 strongly 试题解析 根据文章 researchers found strong evidence of cause and effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes 可知答案 79 答案 determined decided 试题解析 根据文章 Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics our environment or a combination of the two determines how happy we are 可知答案 80 答案 chances possibilities opportunities 试题解析 根据文章最后一段 all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success 可知答案 10 2012 天津卷 阅读表达 共 5 小题 每小题 2 分 满分 10 分 阅读短文 并按照题目要求用英语回答问题 Born in 1949 Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion Like many young athletes she had Olympic dreams but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games The disappointment didn t stop her from going forward Instead she became interested in marathon swimming A brilliant athlete she was well conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water As a long distance swimmer she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance danger cold and exhaustion For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world s best long distance swimmers In 1970 she swam a ten mile marathon in Lake Ontario setting the women s record for the course In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102 5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975 Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978 Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide it is rough and dangerous After battling the water for two days she had to give for the sake of her own health and safety Even so she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba That is how she defined success It did not matter that her swim came up short she believed she had touched the other shore When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer she continued to try new things travelling the world as a reporter writing books and giving public speeches about her life Diana 用心 爱心 专心9 Nyad works to inspire others just as she did when she swam the waters of the world 56 What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games No more than 5 words 57 What does the underlined word obstacles mean 1 word 58 What achievement did Nyad make in 1970 No more than 10 words 59 Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore No more than 10 words 60 Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad No more than 20 words 答案 56 A serious illness did 57 Difficulties Problems Troubles Challenges 58 She swam a ten mile marathon and set women s record Or She swam a ten mile marathon setting the women s record Or She set the women s record for a ten mile marathon swimming 59 Because she had tried her best to fulfill the task Or Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba 60 I am encouraged by her determination and strong will Or I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed Or From her I learned that once we set a goal we should try hard to achieve it Or We should never give up in the face of difficulty failure Or We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields 11 2012 北京卷 根据短文内容 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 EmpathyEmpathy Last year researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy the ability to understand other people among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years 71 Today people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs Jennifer Freed a co director of a teen program has another explanation Turn on the TV and you re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting competing and generally treating one another with no respect 72 There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples Humans are socially related by nature 73 Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self respect Besides empathy can be a cure for loneliness sadness anxiety and fear Empathy is also an indication of a good leader In fact Freed says many top companies 用心 爱心 专心10 report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers 74 Academics are important But if you don t have emotional 情感的 intelligence you won t be as successful in work or in your love life she says What s the best way to up your EQ 情商 For starters let down your guard and really listen to others 75 To really develop empathy you d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital join a club or a team that has a diverse membership have a sharing circle with your family or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter A Everyone is different and levels of empathy differ from person to person B That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time the researchers said C One doesn t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking Freed says D Humans learn by example and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic E Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else both what they think and how they feel F Good social skills including empathy are a kind of emotional intelligence that will help you succeed in many areas of life G Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human and having empathy is decisive to those relationships 答案 71 B 后句中 people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs 所以 前句应为原因 that could be because 72 D 前文中人们打开电视看到的是 fighting competing and generally treating one another with no respect 后句人们从中学到的是这样的例子 Humans learn by examples 下段中出现 bad examples 73 G Humans are socially related by nature 人类是社会性的 having relationship with other people is an important part of being human 74 F Academics are important but if you don t have emotional intelligence 于是前句是 social skills 75 C 怎样提高 EQ let down your guard and really listen to others one doesn t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions 12 2012 福建卷 第一节短文填词 共 10 小题 每小题 1 分 满分 10 分 People often don t do what they really want to for fear of failure You don t apply for a job case you don t 76 get it You don t perform at the school concert b others 77 might laugh at you A lack of confidence can 1 to a lot 78 of suffering The key to o this problem is to believe in 79 yourself This might be 容易 said than done but there 80 are many w to help you do this Talk about your problem 81 with a friend or look advice on the Internet Imagine 82 yourself being 成功 and practice breathing techniques 83 用心 爱心 专心11 to keep you calm when you get nervous And the important 84 thing is believe you can do it When you ve 学会 to do 85 that you are well on your way 答案 76 76 答案答案 in in inin casecase that that 以免 万一的意思以免 万一的意思 77 77 答案答案 becausebecause 前后是因果关系 前后是因果关系 你没有在学校音乐会上表演是因为别人会嘲笑你你没有在学校音乐会上表演是因为别人会嘲笑你 78 78 答案答案 lead lead leadlead to to 导致导致 79 79 答案答案 overcoming overcoming thethe keykey toto doingdoing sth sth 做某事的关键做某事的关键 overcomeovercome thisthis problem problem 解决解决 问题问题 80 80 答案答案 easiereasier 说比做要容易 本空应该用比较级说比做要容易 本空应该用比较级 81 81 答案答案 ways ways 根据下文的解释可知本空指的是帮助你自信的许多办法 途径用根据下文的解释可知本空指的是帮助你自信的许多办法 途径用 waysways 82 82 答案答案 for for 在网上寻求建议在网上寻求建议 looklook for for 寻找寻找 83 83 答案答案 successful successful 根据根据 beingbeing 可知本空应该用形容词可知本空应该用形容词 成功的成功的 84 84 mostmost 前面提到几种途径 最后总结一句那就是最重要的事情用最高级前面提到几种途径 最后总结一句那就是最重要的事情用最高级 thethe mostmost importantimportant 85 85 learned learntlearned learnt 根据前面的缩写根据前面的缩写 havehave 可知本空用 可知本空用 learnlearn 的过去分词的过去分词 13 2012 湖南卷 Directions Directions Read the following passage Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage Write NONO MOREMORE THANTHAN THREETHREE WORDSWORDS for each answer Since the earliest civilizations people have controlled rivers to meet society s demands Today rivers are controlled for many reasons primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily agricultural and industrial needs for power generation for navigation 航行 and to prevent flooding River control is achieved by channelization a term that covers a range of river engineering works including widening deepening straightening and stabilization of banks and by the construction of dams An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the 19th century when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River a branch of the Danube that flows through Hungary The controlling of the Tisza designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture included cutting off more than 100 meanders 河曲 shortening the river s length by nearly 400 kilometers One of the most common ways in which people control rivers