句子成分 (2)

句子成分句子成分 1 句子成分的定义 构成句子成分的各个部分叫做句子成分 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分之分 主要成分 有 和 次要成分有 2 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体 一般位于句首 但在 there be 结构 疑问句 当主语不是 疑问词时 和倒装句中 主语位于谓语 助动词或情态动词后面 主语可由名词 代词 数词 不定式 动名词 名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当 Eg During the 1990s American country music has become more and more popular We often speak English in class One third of the students in this class are girls To swim in the river is a great pleasure Smoking does harm to the health The rich should help the poor When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet It is necessary to master a foreign language in such an international world 3 谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态 在句做谓语 一般放在主语之后 谓语的构成如下 1 简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成 Eg He practices running every morning 2 复合谓语 1 由情态动词加动词原形或助动词加动词形式构成 Eg You may keep the book for two weeks He have finished reading the novel 2 由系动词加表语构成 Eg We are students He turns doctor The tree turns green 4 表语 表语用以说明主语的身份 特征和状态 它一般位于系动词 be become get look grow turn seem 等 之后 表语一般由名词 代词 形容词 分词 数词 不定式 动名词 介 词短语 副词短语及表语从句充当 Eg Our teacher of English is an American Is it yours The weather has turned cold Three times seven is twenty one The speech is exciting I am so bored in the English grammar class His hobby is playing football His job is to look after the little baby The machine must be out of order Time is up and the class is over The truth is that he has never been abroad 5 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或随受者 一般位于及物动词和介词之后 Eg They went to see an exhibition yesterday The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time How many dictionaries do you have I have five They helped the old with their housework yesterday He pretended not to see me I enjoy listening to popular music I think that he is fit for his office 宾语种类 1 双宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 eg He lent me his new book Mr Yang teaches us English 2 复合宾语 宾语 宾语补足语 eg They elected him their monitor He made the room tidy 6 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词 除有一个直接宾语外 还有一个宾语补足语 才能使句子的意义完 整带有宾语补足语的一般句型为 某些及物动词 如 make 等 宾语 宾语补足语 宾语补 足语可由名词 形容词 副词 不定式 分词 介词短语和从句充当 Eg His father named him Dongming They painted their house white Let the fresh air in You mustn t force him to lend his mony to you We saw her entering in the room We found everything in the lab in good order We will soon make our city what your city is now 7 定语 修饰名词或代词的词 短语或从句称为定语 定语可由以下等成分充当 Guilin is a beautiful city China is a developing country America is a developed country There are thirty women teachers in our school His rapid progress in English made us surprised Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom He is reading an article about how to learn English 8 状语 1 修饰动词 形容词 副词或整个句子 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 叫作状语 可 由以下开式充当 Light travels most quickly He has lived in the city for ten years He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination He is in the room making a model plane Waite a minute Once you begin you must continue 2 状语分类如下 How about meeting again at six Last night she didn t go to the dance party because of the rain I shall go there if it doesn t rain Mr Smith lives on the third floor She put the eggs into the basket with great care She came in with a dictionary in her hand In order to catch up with the others I must work harder He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately I am taller than he is He works very hard though he is old 专项练习 1 指出下列句子画线部分充当的句子成分 1 The students got on the school bus 2 He handed me the newspaper 3 I shall answer your question after class 4 What a beautiful Chinese painting 5 They went hunting together early in the morning 6 His job is to train swimmers 7 He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing 8 There is going to be an American film tonight 9 He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow 10 His wish is to become a scientist 11 He managed to finish the work in time 12 Tom came to ask me for advice 13 He found it important to master English 14 Do you have anything else to say 15 To be honest your pronunciation is not so good 16 Would you please tell me your address 17 He sat there reading a newspaper 18 It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy 19 He noticed a man enter the room 20 The apples tasted sweet 2 单项填空 1 will leave for Beijing A Now there the man B The man here now C The man who is here now D The man is here now 2 The weather A wet and cold B is wet and cold C not wet and cold D were wet and cold 3 The apple tasted A sweets B sweetly C nicely D sweet 4 He got up yesterday morning A lately B late C latest D latter 5 The actor at the age of 70 A dead B died C dyed D deaded 6 Were all very tired but none of would stop to make a rest A We us B Us we C We our D We we 7 He found the street much A crowd B crowdin