中考英语-主谓一致讲解及练习(教师版)可以直接打印-有答案

1 初中英语 主谓一致及其练习初中英语 主谓一致及其练习 一 主谓一致三原则一 主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致 主谓一致必须遵循三原则 语主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致 主谓一致必须遵循三原则 语 法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近一致原则 法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近一致原则 1 语法一致原则 指主语是单数形式 谓语动词用单数形式 主语是复数形式 谓语也语法一致原则 指主语是单数形式 谓语动词用单数形式 主语是复数形式 谓语也 用复数形式 用复数形式 Tom is a good student 汤姆是个好学生 汤姆是个好学生 They often play football on the playground 他们经常在操场上踢足球 他们经常在操场上踢足球 2 意义一致 指主语形式上为单数 但意义为复数 因此谓语动词用复数形式 或主语意义一致 指主语形式上为单数 但意义为复数 因此谓语动词用复数形式 或主语 形式上为复数形式上为复数 但表示单数意义 这时谓语动词用单数形式 但表示单数意义 这时谓语动词用单数形式 My family are having lunch now 我们一家人现在正吃午饭 我们一家人现在正吃午饭 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book 这本书这本书 20 美元太贵了 美元太贵了 3 就近一致 指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式 取决于最靠近他的主语 例如 就近一致 指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式 取决于最靠近他的主语 例如 Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football 不仅老师喜欢踢足球 而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球 不仅老师喜欢踢足球 而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球 There is a pen and some books on the desk 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书 二 二 主谓一致常考题型主谓一致常考题型 1 单数名词单数名词 代词代词 不可数名词作主语时 谓语用单数形式 复数名词 不可数名词作主语时 谓语用单数形式 复数名词 代词代词 作主语 作主语 谓语用复数形式 例如 谓语用复数形式 例如 The desk is Tom s 这张桌子是汤姆的 这张桌子是汤姆的 Some water is in the bottle 一些水在瓶子里 一些水在瓶子里 The students are playing football on the playground 这些学生正在操场上踢足球 这些学生正在操场上踢足球 2 many a 单数名词作主语 意义虽为单数名词作主语 意义虽为 许多许多 但谓语要用单数形式 例如 但谓语要用单数形式 例如 Many a student has been to Shanghai 许多学生到过上海 许多学生到过上海 3 more than one 单数名词作主语 谓语用单数 例如 单数名词作主语 谓语用单数 例如 More than one student has ever been to Beijing 不止一个学生曾经去过北京 不止一个学生曾经去过北京 4 表示时间 价格 重量 数目 长度 数学运算等的词或短语作主语时 这些通常作表示时间 价格 重量 数目 长度 数学运算等的词或短语作主语时 这些通常作 一个整体概念 谓语用单数形式 例如 一个整体概念 谓语用单数形式 例如 Two months is a long holiday 两个月是一个长假 两个月是一个长假 Twenty pounds isn t so heavy 2 0 英镑并不太重 英镑并不太重 Ten miles isn t a long distance 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离 英里并不是一段很长的距离 Five minus four is one 5 减减 4 等于等于 1 5 主语是主语是 each every 单数名词单数名词 and each every 单数名词时 谓语动词用单数 例如 单数名词时 谓语动词用单数 例如 2 Each boy and each girl has got a seat 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位 Every man and every woman is at work 每个男人和女人都在工作 每个男人和女人都在工作 6 one and a half 复数名词作主语 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 复数名词作主语 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 One and a half hours is enough 一个半小时足够了 一个半小时足够了 7 动词不定式 动名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 动词不定式 动名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 To see is to believe 眼见为实 眼见为实 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益 8 a an 单数名词单数名词 or two 作主语 谓语动词用单数 例如 作主语 谓语动词用单数 例如 A student or two has failed the exam 一两个学生考试不及格 一两个学生考试不及格 9 主语为某些词组 如主语为某些词组 如 one of each of every one of any one of none of 等加复数名词等加复数名词 或代词 谓语用单数 如 或代词 谓语用单数 如 One of my favorite sports is basketball 12 somebody someone something anybody anything everybody everyone everything nobody no one nothing 等不定代词作主语 谓语动词用单数 例如 等不定代词作主语 谓语动词用单数 例如 Is everyone here today 今天大家到齐了吗 今天大家到齐了吗 Something is wrong with him 他有毛病 他有毛病 Nobody was in 没有人在家 没有人在家 13 each either neither another the other 作主语 谓语动词用单数 例如 作主语 谓语动词用单数 例如 Each of them has an English dictionary 他们每人都有一本英语词典 他们每人都有一本英语词典 Neither answer is correct 两个答案都不正确 两个答案都不正确 14 以以 s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义 谓语通常用单数形式 如结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义 谓语通常用单数形式 如 news maths physics 等 例如 等 例如 No news is good news 没有消息就是好消息 没有消息就是好消息 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎 在我们班数学很受欢迎 11 people police 等集体名词作主语 谓语动词用复数形式 等集体名词作主语 谓语动词用复数形式 family class group team 等集体名词作主语 若指一个整体时 谓语动词用单数形式 若指一个具体成员时 谓语等集体名词作主语 若指一个整体时 谓语动词用单数形式 若指一个具体成员时 谓语 动词复数形式 例如 动词复数形式 例如 The police are waiting for the boy People here are very friendly 这儿的人很友好 这儿的人很友好 His family isn t large 他家的人不多 他家的人不多 My family all like watching TV 我们一家人都喜欢看电视 我们一家人都喜欢看电视 15 由由 both and 连接两个单数名词作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 连接两个单数名词作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 Both his father and his mother are both teachers 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师 16 定冠词定冠词 姓氏复数形式姓氏复数形式 表示一家人时 谓语一般用复数 表示一家人时 谓语一般用复数 The Smiths are having dinner 16 a number of 复数名词作主语 谓语动词用复数 复数名词作主语 谓语动词用复数 the number of 复数名词作主语 复数名词作主语 3 谓语动词用单数 例如 谓语动词用单数 例如 A number of famous people were invited to party 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会 The number of the students is over eight hundred 我们学校的学生数超过我们学校的学生数超过 800 人 人 17 当当 kind of pair of glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时 谓语与等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时 谓语与 kind pair glass 等一致 例如 等一致 例如 This pair of shoes is Tom s 这双鞋是汤姆的 这双鞋是汤姆的 There are two glasses of water on the table 桌上有两杯水 桌上有两杯水 18 the 形容词表示一类人时 谓语动词用复数形式 表示抽象概念时 用单数形式 例形容词表示一类人时 谓语动词用复数形式 表示抽象概念时 用单数形式 例 如 如 The poor are very happy but the rich are sad 穷人很快乐 富人却过得不快乐 穷人很快乐 富人却过得不快乐 The beautiful lives forever 美是永存的 美是永存的 19 以以 here there 开关的句子 若主语在两个或两个以上 谓语动词通常与临近的主语开关的句子 若主语在两个或两个以上 谓语动词通常与临近的主语 一致 例如 一致 例如 There is a book and three pens on the desk 桌子上有一本书 三只钢笔 桌子上有一本书 三只钢笔 Here are some books and paper for you 这是给你的书和纸 这是给你的书和纸 20 or either or neither nor not only but also not but 连接两个名词或代连接两个名词或代 词作主语时 根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式 例如 词作主语时 根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式 例如 Tom or Jack is wrong 不是汤姆就是杰克错了 不是汤姆就是杰克错了 Either this one or that one is ok 这一个或那一个都行 这一个或那一个都行 21 当主语部分含有当主语部分含有 with together with along with as well as besides except but like 等介词或介词短语时 谓语动词由主语的单复数决定 例等介词或介词短语时 谓语动词由主语的单复数决定 例 如 如 Mike with his father has been to England 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰 Mike like his brother enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球 22 lots of a lot of plenty of 名词名词 或或 分数分数 百分数百分数 名词名词 作主语时 谓语动词取决于名词作主语时 谓语动词取决于名词 的数 若是不可数名词 用单数 若名词是复数 则用复数的数 若是不可数名词 用单数 若名词是复数 则用复数 23 由由 and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时 一般用复数形式 但连接的两个单数名词作主语时 一般用复数形式 但 and 所连接的并列主语是所连接的并列主语是 同一个人 事物 或概念时 谓语动词用单数 这两种情况区分如下 同一个人 事物 或概念时 谓语动词用单数 这两种情况区分如下 a the 单数名词单数名词 and 单数名词 指的是同一个人或物 单数名词 指的是同一个人或物 a the 单数名词单数名词 and a the 单数名词 指两个人单数名词 指两个人 或物 例如 或物 例如 The writer and teacher is coming 那位作家兼教师来了 那位作家兼教师来了 作家和教师指同作家和教师指同 一个人一个人 The writer and the teacher are coming 作家和老师来了 作家和老师来了 作家和老师是两个人作家和老师是两个人 24 none 如果指量 动词用单数 若用来指数目 与可数名词连用 谓语动词可用单数也如果指量 动词用单数 若用来指数目 与可数名词连用 谓语动词可用单数也 可用复数 可用复数 none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数 None of the land has become desert 这些土地都没有变成沙漠 这些土地都没有变成沙漠 25 all most half two thirds of the rest of 名词作主语 谓语动词由名词作主语 谓语动词由 of 后面的名词的数保持后面的名词的数保持 4 一致 一致 Most of his time is spent on study 26 more than one 单数名词作主语 谓语用单数 单数名词作主语 谓语用单数 More than one student has ever been to Beijing 不止一个学生曾经去过北京 不止一个学生曾经去过北京 2 实战演练实战演练 Part 1 1 Have you got some water to drink Here you are There still some in the bottle A are B were C is D was 2 there many American friends in the school last Friday A Is B Was C Are D Were 3 There a great many accidents last year A were B are C is D was 4 How many children in the picture Three A has there B is there C have there D are there Part 2 1 In 1850 about a third of U S A covered by forests A were B has been C D was 2 Most of our earth covered by water A are B is C was D were 3 Sunday the first day of the week A is B are C am D be 4 Neither right A answers are B answers aren t C answer is D answer isn t 5 Part 3 1 The population of the world still now A has grown B will grow C is growing D is grown 2 There many people running in the park every morning A is B were C are D have 3 These police often the children across the street A help B helps C helping D is helping Part 4 1 going to England by air next week A The Green family are B The Greens family are C The Green s family are D Green family are 2 The whole family enjoying the beautiful music now A is all B all is C all are D are all 3 Our class big A is B are C were D will Part 5 1 Neither he nor I from Canada We are from Australia A is B are C am D be 2 Either you or he right A are B is C does D were 3 Neither Mary nor her brother good at singing A is B are C is not D are not 6 4 Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary busy A is B was C are D has Part 6 1 Physics interesting to us A are B has C is D were 2 The news exciting We got excited at it A is B was C were D are 3 Though mathematics hard we all work at it hard A are B were C was D is 1 How time flies Ten years passed A have B has C is D are 2 Not only his parents but also his brother to the Summer Palace They haven t been back A have been B have gone C has been D has gone 3 Neither my father going to see the patient A nor I am B nor I are C or me are D or me is 4 Look There playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square A are a number of deer B are a number of deers C is a number of deer D is a number of deers 5 The number of in our class fifty A student is B the students are C the students is D students are 6 The number of the students in our class 54 A is B are C has D have 7 7 Not only I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination after another A is B are C am D be 8 A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered 9 When and where to build the new factory yet A is not decided B are not decided C has not decided D have not decided 10 The number of people invited fifty but a number of them absent for different reasons A were was B was was C was were D were were 11 Between the two buildings a monument A is standing B standing C stands D stand 12 Many a student that mistake before A had made B has been made C have mad D has made 13 None of the money his A is B are C belongs D were 14 About three fifths of the work done yesterday A had B was C were D have 15 Neither your sister nor mine the good news Let s tell them A know B knows C knew I 用所给动词的适当形式填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空 8 1 Two thousand miles be too far for us to travel over a short vacation 2 The old in my country be cared for by their children and grandchildren 3 There be a pair of trousers on the sofa 4 Ten divided by two equal five 5 The Chinese people be a great people 6 Nobody but Tim and Tom be in the room 7 Li Fang like many girls like dancing 8 Every boy and every girl want to go there 9 Three fourths of the surface of the earth be sea 10 All of the work be finished II 选择填空 选择填空 1 The rich not always happy A are B is C has D have 2 The old woman together with her two grandsons crossing the road A are B is C has D have 3 This pair of trousers Lucy s Your trousers on your bed A is are B is is C are are D are is 4 Ten kilometers a very long way to go in a day A are B has C is D have 5 Climbing hills better than having classes A are B is C was D have 6 What he wanted to know why they didn t tell him 9 A are B was C were D is 7 Either you or he to stay at home this afternoon A has B have C are D is 8 Neither of the twins bread A like B likes C liked D is like 9 Fish and chips my favorite food A is B are C has D become 10 The singer and dancer come to our city A are B is C have D has 11 Three fourths of the water gone A is B are C have D were 12 Everybody men and women young and old listening to the radio here A enjoys B enjoy C is enjoyed D are enjoyed 13 Either Tom or Maria sure to know the answer A are B be C is D were 14 Neither you nor he how to answer the question A know B knows C knowing D to know 15 I as well as they ready to help you A am B are C is D be 16 The number of the students in the class about forty A is B are C were D have 17 Every hour and every minute important 10 A are B be C is D were 18 Look The Turner family having supper under the tree in front of their house A is B are C like D like 19 Not only the twins but also their father the film A like B likes C liking D is like 20 He is one of the children who fond of playing football A is B was C were D are 四 应用性训练 四 应用性训练 I 用所给动词的适当形式填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 Neither the teacher nor the students have enough time 2 Most of the houses need painting 3 A person who has good friends enjoy life more 4 John together with his family be flying to London 5 Few of my family really understand me 6 One third of the students be boys 7 There be twenty boy students and twenty three girl students in the class 8 Many a students have this new dictionary 9 Every man woman and child be asked to contribute 10 An old man or mature 成熟成熟 woman be needed for this job II 选择填空 选择填空 1 There a lot of people at the street corner when the accident happened A Was B were C have been D had 11 2 Neither she nor Dick and I interested in maths A Is B are C am D be 3 Fish and chips the most popular take away food in England A Are B is C were D was 4 How many students are there in your school the students in our school over two thousand A The number of of B The number of are C A number of of D A number of are 5 All my classmates except Wu Lin interested in singing English songs A Is B am C are D be 6 Neither he nor I from Canada We awe from Australia A Is B was C am D be 7 The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day A is B was C has been D will be 8 He thinks that two moths quite a long time A is B are C be D was 9 There a sports meeting in our school next week A will hold B will have C is going to be D is going to hold 10 Are the twins on thee team No neither of them on the team A is B Are C were D be 11 I m going to do some shopping this Sunday So A do B will C am I D I am 12 What the popular of Canada Do you think it will 12 A is become B are become C are grow D is grow 13 This pair of trousers A is mine B is my C are my D are mine 14 Even a child knows that are made of A glasses glass B glass glass C glasses glasses D glass glasses 15 The number of pages in this book three hundred A is B are C has D have 16 The Smiths China since the summer of 1993 A has been to B have been to C has been in D have been in 17 Not only the parents but also Mary London They will come back in five days A has been to B have been to C has gone to D have gone to 18 In our country the old taken good care of and the young well educated A is B are C has D have 19 Each man and each woman bring some water here A Has B have C has to D have to 20 Every one except Tom and John there then A is B was C are D were 13 主谓一致参考答案 主谓一致参考答案 1 1 4 C D A D 2 1 4 D B A C 3 1 3 C C A 4 1 3 A D A 5 1 4 C B A C 6 1 3 C B 参考答案参考答案 1 B 解析解析 该题考查的是主谓一致 该题考查的是主谓一致 Ten years 通常被看作是一个时间整体 谓语动通常被看作是一个时间整体 谓语动 词用单数形式 词用单数形式 2 D 解析解析 该题考查的是主谓一致 如果由该题考查的是主谓一致 如果由 not only but also 连接两个并列主语连接两个并列主语 其谓语动词同相邻的 其谓语动词同相邻的 主语保持一致 谓语动词应用单数形式 又因为他们还都没有回来 所以用主语保持一致 谓语动词应用单数形式 又因为他们还都没有回来 所以用 has gone 而不用而不用 has been 3 A 解析解析 该题考查的是主谓一致 该题考查的是主谓一致 Neither nor 是一组连词 可连接连个并列主是一组连词 可连接连个并列主 语 其谓语动词应同靠近的主语语 其谓语动词应同靠近的主语 I 保持一致保持一致 因此应选因此应选 A 4 A 解析解析 该题考查的是主谓一致 这个句子的主语是该题考查的是主谓一致 这个句子的主语是 a number of deer 是个复是个复 数概念 因此谓语动词应用复数形式 数概念 因此谓语动词应用复数形式 deer 单复数相同 单复数相同 5 C 解析解析 本题考查主谓一致的用法 本题考查主谓一致的用法 the number of 后接复数名词 作主语时 后接复数名词 作主语时 其谓语动词用单数形式 故应选其谓语动词用单数形式 故应选 C 6 A 解析解析 本题考查主谓一致的用法 本题考查主谓一致的用法 the number of 后接复数名词 作主语时 后接复数名词 作主语时 其谓语动词用单数形式 故应选其谓语动词用单数形式 故应选 A 7 B 不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着 14 一个的考试 一个的考试 n