江苏省淮安中学II部2012高三英语语法专题复习 八、非谓语动词

用心 爱心 专心 1 八 非谓语动词八 非谓语动词 一 知识重点 一 知识重点 1 常用动词以及特殊动词对其后非谓语动词的形式 不定式 过去分词及 v ing 形式 的不 同要求 2 非谓语动词的完成式和否定式 3 了解并熟练运用做非谓语试题的三个步骤 1 分析句子成分 2 搞清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系 3 确定行为时间及先后顺序等 4 了解高考对非谓语动词的测试方向 1 不定式的完成式 被动式和进行式 2 不定式的 省略 3 测试只能接动名词的动词和接动名词 不定式有区别的动词的用法 4 现在分词 作宾补 作定语 作状语的用法 5 测试非谓语动词的否定式 二 知识呈现 二 知识呈现 1 非谓语动词的分类 意义及构成 构成 非谓语形 式 时态和语态 否定 式 复合 结构 特征和作用 不定式 to do to be doing tohave done to be done to have been done for sb to do sth 具有名词 副词和形容词 的作用 在句中做主 宾 定 表 补和状语 现在 分词 doing having done being done having been done 分 词 过去 分词 done 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定 表 宾补和 状语 动名词 doing having done being done having been done 在非 谓语 前加 not sb s doin g 具有名词的作用 在句中做主 宾 定和表 语 2 做宾语的非谓语动词比较 情况常用动词 只接不定式 做宾语的动词 hope want offer long fail expect wish ask decide pretend manage agree afford determine promise happen 等 mind miss enjoy imagine practise suggest finish escape excuse appreciate admit prevent keep dislike avoid risk resist consider 等 只接动名词 做宾语的动词或短语 can t help feel like succeed in be fond of object to get down to be engaged in insist on think of be proud of take pride in set about be afraid of be tired of look forward to devote oneself to be worth be busy pay attention to stick to 等 begin start like love hate prefer continue 接不定式多指具体的动作 接动名词多指一般或习惯行为 意义基本相同 need want require 接动名词主动形式表示被动意义 若接不定式则应用被动形式 两者都 可以 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事 去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 用心 爱心 专心 2 remember forget regret to do 指动作尚未 发生 remember forget regret doing 指动作已经 发生 go on to do 接着做另外 一件事 go on doing 接着做 同一件事 try to do 设法 努力去做 尽力 try doing 试试去做 看有何结果 mean to do 打 算做 企图做 mean doing 意识是 意味 着 意义不同 can t help to do 不能帮忙做 can t help doing 忍不住 要做 3 非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间 概念 例句 带 to 的 不定式 ask beg expect get order tell want wish encourage I told him to come here 不带 to 的 不定式 have notice see watch hear feel let make 等 主谓关系 强调动作将发 生或已经完成 I heard him call me several times 现在分词 主谓关系 强调动作正在 进行 尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio 过去分词 notice see watch hear find keep have feel 等 动宾关系 动作已经完成 多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed 4 非谓语动词做定语的区别 区别举例 不定式 与被修饰词往往有动宾关系 一般式表示 将来 进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生 完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生 I have a lot of papers to type I have a lot of papers to be typed 动名词 通常指被修饰词的用途 无逻辑上的任何 关系 Shall we go to the swimming pool 现在分词 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系 表示动作与 谓语动作同时发生 过去分词 与被修饰词之间是被动关系 表示动作发 生在谓语动作之前 现已经完成 the boiling water the boiled water the developing country the developed country the falling leaves the fallen leaves 5 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别 区别举例 不 定 式 多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作 做主语时可 以借助于 it 把不定式移到句子后面 做表语有时 可和主语交换位置 而且意义不变 并且还能用 what 来提问主语或表语 My dream is to become a teacher To obey the law is important dream business wish idea plan duty task 做主 语时常用 动 名 词 与不定式的功能区别不大 然而它更接近于名词 表示的动作比较抽象 或者泛指习惯性的动作 有 时也可以用 it 做形式主语 做表语时可以和主语 互换位置 It is no use saying that again and again Teaching is my job 用心 爱心 专心 3 分 词 无名词的性质 不能做主语 但是有形容词的性质 可以做表语 多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等 可被 very quite rather 等副词修饰 现在分词 多含有 令人 之意 说明主语的性质特征 多 表示主动 主语多为物 过去分词一般表示被动或 主语所处的状态 含有 感到 之意 主语多是 人 The situation is encouraging The book is well written 常见分词有 astonishing moving tiring disappointing puzzling shocking boring amusing 及其 ed 形式 6 非谓语动词做状语的区别 区别举例 不定式 不定式作状语常常表示目的 only 加不定式 表意料之外的结果 To make this cake you ll need 2 eggs 175 g sugar and 175 g flour 现在分 词 现在分词作状语时 现在分词的动作就是句 子主语的动作 它们之间的关系是主动关系 Not knowing what to do he went to his parents for help 过去分 词 过去分词作状语时 过去分词表示的动作是 句子主语承受的动作 它们之间的关系是被 动关系 Given more attention the trees could have grown better 三 高考真题 三 高考真题 1 07 全国 I The last one pays the meal Agreed A arrived B arrives C to arrive D arriving 2 07 全国 I I smell something in the kitchen Can I call you back in a minute A burning B burnt C being burnt D to be burnt 3 07 全国 II At the beginning of class the noise of desks could be heard outside the classroom A opened and closedB to be opened and closed C being opened and closedD to open and close 4 07 北京 Excuse me sir where is Room 301 Just a minute I ll have Bob you to your room A show B shows C to show D showing 5 07 北京 He is a student at Oxford University for a degree in computer science A studied B studyingC to have studied D to be studying 6 07 天津 The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance in the natural light during the day A to let B letting C let D having let 7 07 重庆 The children went home from the grammar school their lessons for the day A finishing B finishedC had finished D were finished 8 07 福建 Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period A improvedB improvingC to improve D improve 9 07 福建卷 Come on please give me some ideas about the project Sorry With so much work my mind I almost break down A filledB fillingC to fillD being 用心 爱心 专心 4 filled 10 07四川 Peter received a letter just now his grandma would come to see him soon A said B says C saying D to say 11 07四川 The flowers his friend gave him will die unless every day A watered B watering C water D to water 12 07 陕西 that she didn t do a good job I don t think I am abler than her A To have saidB Having saidC To sayD Saying 13 07 浙江 The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle A to be heard B to have heard C hearing D being heard 14 07 浙江 by a greater demand of vegetables farmers have built more green houses A Driven B Being driven C To drive D Having driven 15 07 湖南 As the light turned green I stood for a moment not and asked myself what I was going to do A moved B moving C to move D being moved 16 07 湖南 Things never come again I couldn t help talking to myself A lost B losing C to lose D have lost 17 07 江西 When asked why he went there he said he was sent there for a space flight A training B being trained C to have trained D to be trained 18 07 安徽 John received an invitation to dinner and with his work he gladly accepted it A finished B finishing C having finished D was finished 19 07 安徽 Robert is indeed a wise man Oh yes How often I have regretted his advice A to take B taking C not to take D not taking 20 07 江苏 Can I smoke here Sorry We don t allow here A people smoking B people smoke C to smokeD smoking 21 07 江苏 He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them in his lectures A interested B interestingC interest D to interest 22 07 辽宁 The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang who was reported the world record in the 110 meter hurdle race A breaking B having broken C to have broken D break 23 07 辽宁 You can t imagine what difficulty we had home in the snowstorm A walked B walk C to walk D walking 24 07 山东 Please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop A to seat B to be seated C seating D seated 25 07 山东 The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft the most recent at the end of last March 用心 爱心 专心 5 A has been launched B having been launched C being launched D to be launched 26 07 上海 After a knock at the door the child heard his mother s voice him A callingB called C being called D to call 27 07 上海 There is nothing more I can try you to stay so I wish you good luck A being persuaded B persuading C to be persuaded D to persuade 28 07 上海 The Town Hall in the 1800 s was the most distinguished building at that time A to be competed B having been completed C completed D being completed 29 06 北京 There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games A add B to add C adding D added 30 06 北京 I can t stand with Jane in the same office She just refuses talking while she works A working stopping B to work stopping C working to stopD to work to stop 31 06 全国 I and happy Tony stood up and accepted the prize A Surprising B Surprised C Being surprised D To be surprising 32 06 陕西 It is difficult to imagine his the decision without any consideration A accept B accepting C to accept D accepted 33 06 全国 II Faced with a bill for 10 000 A John has taken an extra job B the boss has given john an extra job C an extra job has been taken D an extra job has been given to John 34 06 全国 II He hurried to the booking office only that all the tickets had been sold out A to tell B to be told C telling D told 35 06 全国 II We often provide our children with toys footballs or basketballs that all children like these things A thinking B think C to think D thought 36 06 福建 for the breakdown of the school computer network Alice was in low spirits A Blaming B Blamed C To blame D To be blamed 37 06 广东 No matter how frequently the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed 38 06 广东 this cake you ll need 2 eggs 175 g sugar and 175 g flour A Having made B Make C To make D Making 39 06 湖北 Don t sit there nothing Come and help me with this table A do B to do C doing D and doing 40 06 湖南 The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket the desert A covering B covered C cover D to cover 41 06 湖南 If you think that treating a woman well means always her permission for things think again A gets B got C to get D getting 42 06 湖南 As the twentieth century came to a close the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand waiting A to use B to be used C to have used D to be using 43 06 江苏 Whenever he was asked why he was late for class he would answer 用心 爱心 专心 6 carelessly always the same thing A saying B said C to say D having said 44 06 江苏 There is a story here in the paper about a 110 year old man My goodness I can t imagine that old A to be B to have been C being D having been 45 06 江西 After he became conscious he remembered and on the head with a rod A to attack hit B to be attacked to be hit C attacking be hit D having been attacked hit 46 06 江西 It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness A to make B to be made C making D being made 47 06 山东 Five people won the China s Green Figure award a title to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection A being given B is given C given D was given 48 06 山东 Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to since the flood hit the area last Friday A have been missing B have got lost C be missing D get lost 49 06 四川 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008 A hold B holding C held D to be held 50 06 四川 with so much trouble we failed to complete the task on time A Faced B Face C Facing D To face 51 06 浙江 When different cultures we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities A comparedB being comparedC comparing D having compared 52 06 浙江 It remains whether Jim ll be fit enough to play in the finals A seen B to be seen C seeing D to see 53 06 重庆 Isn t it time you got down to the papers A mark B be marked C being marked D marking 54 06 重庆 Customers are asked to make sure that they the right change before leaving the shop A will give B have been given C have given D will be given 55 06上海春季 The parents suggested in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip A sleep B to sleep C sleeping D having slept 56 06上海春季 There are hundreds of visitors in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh s paintings A waited B to wait C waiting D wait 57 06上海春季 the employees working efficiency the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break A Improving B To improve C Having improved D Improved 58 06上海春季 In the dream Peter saw himself by a fierce wolf and he woke suddenly with a start A chased B to be chased C be chased D having been chased 59 06上海春季 China has promised to revise its existing regulations and new policies according to WTO requirements A forming B to form C to be forming D have formed 60 06 天津 A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending but the reader must not be left A unsatisfied B unsatisfying C to be unsatisfying D being unsatisfied 61 05 全国 I The storm left a lot of damage to this area A caused B to have caused C to cause D having caused 62 05 全国 II You can t catch me Janet shouted away 用心 爱心 专心 7 A runB running C to runD ran 63 05 北京春季 with a difficult situation Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice A To face B Having faced C Faced D Facing 64 05 安徽 I really can t understand her like that A you treat B you to treat C why treat D you treating 65 05 北京 It s necessary to be prepared for a job interview the answers ready will be of great help A To have had B Having had C Have D Having 66 05 北京 The prize of the game show is 30 000 and an all expenses vacation to China A paying B paid C to be paid D being paid 67 05 北京 I couldn t do my homework with all that noise A going on B goes on C went on D to go on 68 05 福建 Can the project be finished as planned Sure it completed in time we ll work two more hours a day A having gotB to getC gettingD get 69 05 福建 When help one often says Thank you or It s kind of you A offeringB to offer C to be offeredD offered 70 05 广东 He glanced over at her that though she was tiny she seemed very well put together A noting B noted C to note D having noted 71 05 广东 He hurried to the station only that the train had left A to find B finding C found D to have found 72 05 湖北 from other continents for millions of years Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world A Being separatedB Having separated C Having been separated D To be separated 73 05 湖南 in a white uniform he looks more like a cook than a doctor A Dressed B To dress C Dressing D Having dressed 74 05 江苏 Is Bob still performing I m afraid not He is said the stage already as he has become an official A to have left B to leave C to have been left D to be left 75 05 江苏 in the mountains for a week the two students were finally saved by the local police A Having lost B Lost C Being lost D Losing 76 05 江西 The manager it clear to us that he didn t agree with us left the meeting room A who has madeB having madeC madeD making 77 05 辽宁 All these gifts must be mailed immediately in time for Christmas A in order to have received B in order to receive C so as to be received D so as to be receiving 78 05 天津 You should understand the traffic rule by now You ve had it often enough A explaining B to explain C explain D explained 79 05 浙江 more about university courses call 920 746 3789 A To find out B Finding out C Find out D Having found out 80 05 上海 More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays advantage of the health and relaxation benefits A taking B takenC having takenD having been taken 81 05 上海春季 Victor apologized for to inform me of the change in the plan A his being not able B him not to be able C his not being able D him to be not able 82 04 北京 in the queue for half an hour Tom suddenly realized that he 用心 爱心 专心 8 had left his wallet at home A To waitB Have waited C Having waited D To have waited 83 04 广西 Helen had to shout above the sound of the music A making herself hear B to make herself hear C making herself heard D to make herself heard 84 04 广西 Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV there are pictures in your mind instead of before your eyes A to form B form C forming D having formed 85 04 湖南 You were silly not your car A to lock B to have locked C locking D having locked 86 04 吉林 When first to the market these products enjoyed great success A introducing B introduced C introduce D being introduced 87 04 吉林 We can t go out in this weather said Bob out of the window A looking B to look C looked D having looked 88 04 天津 Don t leave the water while you brush your teeth A run B running C being run D to run 89 04 江苏 The man insisted a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby A find B to find C on finding D in finding 90 04 福建 The news reporters hurried to the airport only the film stars had left A to tellB to be toldC tellingD told 91 04 福建 Having been ill in bed for nearly a month he had a hard time the exam A passB to passC passedD passing 92 04广东 the programme they have to stay there for another two weeks A Not completing B Not completed C Not having completed D Having not completed 93 04 湖北 with the size of the whole earth the biggest ocean does not seem big at all A Compare B When comparing C Comparing D When compared 94 04 湖北 straight on and you ll see a church You won t miss it A Go B Going C If you go D When going 95 04 辽宁 I don t know whether you happen but I m going to study in the U S A this September A to be heard B to be hearing C to hear D to have heard 96 04 辽宁 by the beauty of nature the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm A Attracting B Attracted C To be attracted D Having attracted 97 04 上海 According to a recent U S survey children spent up to 25 hours a week TV A to watch B to watching C watching D watch 98 04 年上海 The flu is believed by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat A causing B being caused C to be caused D be have caused 99 04 上海 The disc digitally in the studio sounded fantastic at the party that night A recorded B recording C to be recorded D having recorded 100 04 上海 Having been attacked by terrorists A doctors came to their rescue B the tall building collapsed C an emergency measure was taken D warnings were given to tourists 101 09 江西 the right kind of training these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars 用心 爱心 专心 9 A Giving B Having given C To give D Given 102 09 江西 The government plans to bring in new laws parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children A forced B forcing C to be forced D having forced 103 09 辽宁 When we visited my old family home memory came back A flooding B to flood C flood D flooded 104 09 辽宁 you need to give all you have and try your best A Being a winner B To be a winner C Be a winner D Having been a winner 105 09 湖南 Every evening after dinner if not from work I will spend some time walking my dog A being tiredB tiring C tired D to be tired 106 09 湖南 At the age of 29 Dave was a worker in a small apartment near Boston and what to do about his future A living wondering B lived wondering C lived wondered D living wondered 107 09 湖南 Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for