高考英语一轮复习精品语法学案 专题14 主谓一致与数词

1 主谓一致主谓一致 在英语的句子中 谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致 近几年来 高考关于 该内容的考查主要集中在形式一致 承前一致以及就近一致三个方面 一 使用复数谓语动词的情况一 使用复数谓语动词的情况 1 由 and both and 连接两个主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 如 Both the teacher and the students are working hard 但当 and 连接的两个名词指的是同一个人 同一事物或同一概念 且第二个名词前没有冠词 等限定词时 另外 and 连接的两个名词前有 each every 等修饰语时 谓语动词用单数 如 The knife and fork lies on the table 2 the 形容词或过去分词 指一类人时 谓语动词用复数形式 如 The wounded were sent to the hospital at once 3 the people cattle police 作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 如 After hearing the news the people present were all crying 二 使用单数谓语动词的情况二 使用单数谓语动词的情况 1 单数名词 不可数名词 不定代词 如 something somebody everything everybody anything anybody nothing nobody 作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 如 Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished 2 不定式 动名词 主语从句作主语 谓语动词用单数形式 如 Looking after the baby is my job 3 学科名词 以 s 结尾的单数名词 以 s 结尾的书名 报纸杂志名 地方 组织名称作 主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 如 Physics is hard to study 4 单数名词 with along with together with as well as rather than as much as but except besides such as like including 等作主语时 谓语动词仍用单数形 式 如 2 Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party 三 使用就近原则的情况三 使用就近原则的情况 or either or neither nor not only but also not but 连接两个主语时 谓 语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致 如 Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball otherwise they would take part in the basketball match 四 集体名词作主语时主谓一致的情况四 集体名词作主语时主谓一致的情况 若看作一个整体 谓语动词用单数形式 若侧重于个体 谓语动词用复数形式 常见的 集体名词有 class family population committee 等 如 The whole family are farmers 五 几个具体情况五 几个具体情况 1 none 作主语时 谓语动词多用复数形式 也可用单数形式 如 None of this money is yours None of these suggestions are very helpful 2 a number of 复数名词 谓语动词用复数形式 the number of 复数名词 谓语动词 用单数形式 如 A number of students study at home nowadays on weekends The number of students in my class is 63 3 one of 复数名词 后面跟定语从句时 谓语动词用复数形式 即与复数名词一致 the only one of 复数名词 谓语动词用单数形式 即与 the only one 一致 如 He is one of the students who are against the plan The only one of the students who is to be punished is Tom 4 some 复数名词 作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 some 单数名词作主语时 some 意为 某个 谓语动词用单数形式 如 Some student is on duty today Some students in my class are very lazy 5 trousers shoes glasses scissors 等复数名词作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 但 a pair of 的结构作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 如 This pair of glasses is expensive 6 单复数同形的名词作主语 3 英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时 应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数 常见的这类名词有 works 工厂 police 警察 sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿 fish 鱼 means 方法 species 种类 Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 Swiss 瑞士人 series 系列 等 如 Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution but the sky is still not clear 7 what whoever which 引导的主语从句充当主语时 有时要看 what whoever which 所指代的词的意义来决定谓语动词的数 如 What he said is true What we need are more volunteers 8 分数 百分数 of 名词 作主语时 谓语动词的形式要根据名词确定 如 One third of us are boys Two fifths of water is clear 9 more than one many a 单数名词 作主语时 尽管其意义复数 但谓语动词还是 用单数形式 但 more than 复数名词 作主语时 谓语动词要用复数 数词数词 数词分为基数词 序数词 分数 小数和概数 复习时要注意下面问题 1 基数词的意义 表示事物数量的多少 特别是 hundred thousand million 等 前面 若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时 它们只能用单数 2 序数词一般由基数词 th 构成 以 y 结尾的基数词构成序数词时 先把 y 变为 i 再加 eth 如 twentieth fiftieth 常用的不规则的序数词有 first second third fifth eighth ninth twelfth 序数词前通常要加定冠词 the 但序数词不表示顺序而表示 再 一 又一 时 前面要用不定冠词 a an 3 另外要注意年代的表达 the 年代 s 或 the 年代 s 和名词与数词的关系 the 序数词 名词 或 名词 基数词 等 4 分数的形式 分子用基数词 分母用序数词 当基数词大于 1 时 序数词要用复数 形式 5 小数的组成和读法 小数点读作 point 小数点前面的数按基数词的方法读 小数点后 面的数按数字读 4 1 单句改错 1 One or perhaps more pages is missing 解析 is 改为 are 由 or 连接两个名词或代词作主语时 谓语动词应与靠近它的 主语一致 2 Large quantities of food was carried to the city 解析 was 改为 were large quantities of 复数名词或不可数名词 作主语 谓语动词用复数形式 即与 quantities 一致 3 All he said are wrong 解析 are 改为 is all 作主语时 若 all 为复数概念 谓语动词用复数形式 若 all 为一个整体概念 谓语动词用单数形式 4 The teacher as well as his students are going to see the film this afternoon 解析 are 改为 is 当 as well as 连接两个名词时 谓语动词与前面一个名词保 持一致 2 误 Several millions people in the world are sending information by e mail every day 正 Several million people in the world are sending information by e mail every day 解析 在 million hundred 等前如果有具体数字或 several 等词修饰时 要用单数 形式 但在表示不确切数目时用复数 如 表示 数百万 应为 millions of 3 The company had about 20 computers but only one third used regularly Now we have 60 working all day long A is B are C was D were 误 学生可能以为 one third 是分数 谓语动词应该用单数而误选 A 或 C 另外学 生也可能不确定句子的时态而误选 B 正 答案为 D 5 解析 本题中的 one third 指代的是 computers 的三分之一 因此此处谓语动词要 用复数形式 且该句话说的是过去的事情 1 2009 山东卷 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities rising steadily since 1990 A is B are C has been D have been 解析 C 主语是 the number 故谓语动词用单数 又因时间状语是 since 1990 所以用完成时态 2 Did you go to the show last night Yeah Every boy and every girl in the area invited A were B have been C has been D was 解析 D 由 and 连接的两个名词同时被 every each 或 no 修饰时 谓语动词用单 数 再从问句的 last night 可以看出 应为过去时 3 2009 四川卷 The teacher together with the students discussing Reading Skills that newly published in America A are were B is were C are was D is was 解析 D 第一空谓语要和 the teacher 一致 第二空 that 指代 Reading Skills 这 本书 谓语应用单数形式 4 Shortly after the accident two police were sent to the spot to keep order A dozens of B dozens C dozens of D dozen 解析 D dozen score hundred thousand million 等名词前面有数词或 several 等词修饰时 这些词一般不用复数形式 但在下列短语中加 s 并与 of 连用 6 dozens of 许多的 hundreds of 成百的 thousands of 上千的 millions of 数 百万的 5 He did it it took me A one third a time B one third time C the one third time D one third the time 解析 D 考查句子结构分析和倍数表达法 句意为 他做这件事只用了我 做这件 事 三分之一的时间 这句话包含一个定语从句 修饰 the time 只是关系词已省略 6 2010 四川卷 Such poets as Shakespeare widely read of whose works however some difficult to understand A are are B is is C are is D is are 解析 A 考查主谓一致 第一空 poets 作主语 谓语用 are 第二空 some of his works 作主语 表示复数的概念 依然用 are 7 2010 湖南卷 Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers A is B are C has D have 解析 C 考查主谓一致和时态 根据动名词短语作主语 句子的谓语动词用单数形 式 由此排除 B D 两项 根据主语与 caused 的主动关系 排除 A 选 C 8 The secretary and headmaster of the school the meeting A were going to B are going to C are having D is to attend 解析 D 只有 and 前的名词前有冠词 表示 书记兼校长 指同一个人 选 D 9 2009 陕西卷 Dr Smith together with his wife and daughters visit Beijing this summer 7 A is going to B are going to C was going to D were going to 解析 A 考查动词时态和主谓一致 主语是 Dr Smith 表单数 谓语动词用单数 形式 时间状语是 this summer 表计划性的将来 故时态用一般将来时 选 A 10 Either you or one of your students to attend the match that is due Tuesday A are B is C have D be 解析 B 考查主谓一致的用法 either or 连接两个主语 按就近原则来确定谓 语的单复数 11 An average of 130 000 Chinese abroad for studies every year over the past few years boosting exchanges in the educational fields A was going B have been going C has been going D are going 解析 B 考查主谓一致及时态 该句的主语是 An average of 130 000 Chinese 故应将答案锁定在 B D 中 由于短语 over the past few years 知用现在完成进行时 12 What the science teacher does and says of great importance to college students A was B are C is D were 解析 C 考查主谓一致 句意为 这个科学老师所做的和所说的对大学生很重要 and 连接的主语表示同一件事的两个方面 表示单数含义 谓语动词用单数形式 13 Since he became a taxi driver his income is as before A three times as many 8 B more than three times C three times as much D as three times 解析 C 考查倍数的表达方法 正确形式应为 倍数 as 形容词 副词的原级 as 倍数 形容词 副词比较级 than 故答案为 C 14 2010 陕西卷 It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area A are being built B were being built C was being built D is being built 解析 D 本题考查动词时态和主谓一致 many a 加名词单数 谓语动词要用单数形 式 排除 A B at present 表明了 现在 排除 C 15 What is the model plane like Well the wings of the plane are of its body A more than the length twice B more than twice the length C more than the twice length D more twice than the length 解析 B 考查倍数句型 根据倍数句型的构成 A is 倍数词 the length 等 of B 选择 B 项 答语意为 机翼的长度是机身长度的两倍多 more than twice 意为 两倍多 1 石家庄二中 2011 届高三一模 Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers to ten Hope Schools in South China A were sent B was sentC have sentD had 9 been sent 答案 B 2 2011 河北正定中学第一次月考 6 It is you rather than he that for the accident A is to blame B are to blame C is blame D are blame 答案 B 3 2011 广西玉林 南宁二中 9 月联考 31 Between the two mountains the factory where my father used to work A standB standsC to standD standing 答案 B 4 2011 浙江温州八校返校联考 34 Chen Fang as well as his two colleagues for a trip to Tibet in a month A goes B go C is going D are going 答案 C 考查主谓一致及时态 此处 Chen Fang 是主语 故用单数谓语动词 根据 in a month 可知用将来时 5 2011 四川绵阳中学第一次月考 29 Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books to Zhouqu since the mud rock flow occurred A has been offered B have been offered C are offered D is being offered 答案 A 6 2011 四川成都市摸底 32 Atlanta as well as many other big cities once again becoming one of the commercial and cultural centers of the USA right now A isB areC has beenD have been 答案 A 7 2011 湖南雅礼中学第一次月考 26 More than one student in our class to Shanghai Expo A has beenB have beenC isD are 10 答案 A 8 2011 江西南昌一中第一次月考 31 More than of the classmates in my class fond of pop music A two third is B two thirds is C second third are D two thirds are 答案 D 9 2011 福建福州三中第一次月考 41 The teacher together with the students discussing Writing skills that newly published in America A are wereB are wasC is wasD is were 答案 C 10 2011 福建福州三中第一次月考 36 One third of the deer by the wolves last night A was eatenB is eatenC were eatenD are eaten 答案 C 11 浙江省慈溪中学 2010 届高三第二次月考 The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as its soil and water of its lakes rivers and oceans A has B do C is D are 答案 D 考查主谓一致 此处 soil and water 是主语 故用 are 12 广西桂林十八中 2010 届高三第五次月考 According to recent exploration to Mars it may hold water as previously thought A twice as much B as much twice C twice much as D much as twice 答案 A 考查数词的用法 此句型倍数 twice 应置于 as 之前 13 陕西省镇安中学 2010 届高三上学期第三次月考 In fact not only Mary and I but also Jane having one exam after another A Is tired with B are tired with C is tired of D are tired of 11 答案 C 考查主谓一致 此处考查就近一致 Jane 是主语故用 is 14 河南省驻马店高中 2010 届高三摸底考试 Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow A are B is C have D be 答案 B 考查主谓一致 此处考查就