高中英语 Unit_3_The_world_of_colours_and_light 牛津版选修8

1 ModuleModule 8 8 UnitUnit 3 3 TheThe worldworld ofof colourscolours andand lightlight 新课标单词新课标单词 talented adj 有才能的 有才华的 architecture n 建筑 建筑学 photographer n 摄影师 摄影家 masterpiece n 杰作 calculate vt literary talent 文学才能 special talent 特殊才能 have a talent for n doing have a gift for 对 有天赋 He has a talent for music 他有音乐天赋 集合词 人材 有才干的人 He is a great talent 他是一个伟大的天才 There is a wealth of young talent in British literature 英国文学年轻一代人才辈出 2 architecture n 建筑建筑 建筑学建筑学 She studies architecture in America 他在美国学习建筑学 architect 建筑师 设计师 An architect is a person who designs buildings 3 amaze 使惊奇 使吃惊使惊奇 使吃惊 Her knowledge amazes me 她的学识令我吃惊 be amazed to do at by that 对 大为惊奇 We were amazed to hear the news I was amazed at by the news of George s sudden death 听到乔治突然去逝的消息 我感到惊愕 I was amazed that he had made such rapid progress in English amazed amazing adj 4 represent vt 表现 描写 描画表现 描写 描画 This painting represents a storm 这幅画描绘暴风雨 代表 象征 代理 A dove represents peace 鸽子象征和平 7 On this map what does a star represent 这地图上的星号代表什么 We chose a committee to represent us 我们选出一个委员会来代表我们 声称 represent n as to be He represented himself as a philosopher 他声称自己是哲学家 representative n 代表 代理人 与 of 连用 adj 典型的 有代表性的 a representative of a company 公司的代表 a representative collection of ancient Greek art 古希腊艺术代表作品集 5 historic adj 有历史意义的有历史意义的 有历史影响的有历史影响的 注意 historic 和 historical 尽管在意义上有重叠的地方 但用法上有区别 historic 指历史上有重要意义的 产生重要影响的 a historic spot 古迹 a historic event 历史性事件 historical 指不管重要与否而在过去存在的所有事物 和历史有关 一般和知识有关 a historical novel 历史小说 historical research 历史研究 6 calculate vt 计算 考虑 计划 打算 calculate the cost of a journey 计算旅行费用 You need to calculate how much time the assignment will take 你需要计算一下要花多少时间才能完成被分配的任务 It is calculated that 据计算 It is calculated that at least 47000 jobs were lost last year 据计算 去年至少丧失了 47000 个工作 推测 预测 It is possible to calculate what influence he had on her life 现在无法估计他对她的生活产生过多大的影响 be calculated to do for sth 为适合 而设计的 适合于 This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of housewives 这份广告是为引起家庭主妇们的注意而设计的 calculate on upon 指望着 期待着 8 We can t calculate on having fine weather for the sports meeting 我们不能指望着有好天气开运动会 7 range vi 在一定范围内在一定范围内 变化变化 变动变动 range from A to B range between A and B Prices ranged from 5 dollars to 10 dollars 价格自五美元至十美元不等 n 行列 范围 射程 in the range of 在 范围内 在射程内 out of beyond range 在射程外 a wide range of knowledge 广博的知识 the annual range of temperature 每年的温度变化范围 range over v 涉及 包括 射程范围 The discussion ranged over various problem 那次讨论涉及到种种问题 The gun ranges over five miles 这次枪的射程可达五英里多 8 float vt vi 漂浮 流 浮起 飘动 The ship was floated by the tide 船被潮流冲走 The boat floated down the river 小船沿河漂流 The smell of roses floated around 玫瑰花的芳香在四周飘荡 9 weep vi wept wept 流泪 哭泣 常与 for over 连用 weep for the dead 哀悼死者 She wept when she heard the bad news 当她听到这个坏消息时哭了 He wept over his sad fate 他为他的悲惨命运而哭泣 10 scare vt 恐吓 惊吓 使受惊 惊恐 常与 of to 连用 I was scared of the big dog 我害怕这条大狗 be scared to death 吓得要死 把 吓跑 常与 away off up 连用 The dogs scared the thief away 那些狗把贼吓跑了 11 devote vt 献身 专心于 与 to 连用 devote to 把 献给 把 专用于 He devoted his life to literature 他专心致志于文学 He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind 他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生 devote oneself to 致力于 献身于 专心于 9 After he has retired he will devote himself to gardening 退休后 他将要致力于园艺 be devoted to 忠诚于 Everybody knows that our director is very devoted to his wife 从都知道我们的厂长对妻子十分忠诚 12 distribute vt 分发 分配 散布 分布 distribute sth to among 把某物分 配 发 给 to distribute books to students 给学生发书 The firm distributed its profits among its workers 公司将利润分给工人 distribute over 把 配给到 分配到 散布于 distribute seeds over a field 在田间播种 distribution n 分发 分配 分布 散布 They couldn t agree on the distribution of profits 他们对于利润的分配意见不一致 13 negotiate vi vt 谈判 协商 商谈 达成协议 常与 with 连用 The government will not negotiate with them 政府不会和他们谈判 They negotiated a peace treaty 他们通过谈判达成和平协议 negotiation n 谈判 协商 商谈 carry on negotiation with sb 与某人进行谈判 The issue is still under negotiation 这个问题还在商讨之中 14 adore vt 崇拜 喜爱 爱慕 adore doing 喜爱做某事 He adores the cinema 他非常爱看电影 She adores going to the volleyball match 她非常喜欢看排球比赛 15 abstract adj 抽象的 理论上的 深奥的 难以了解的 abstract noun 抽象名词 Astronomy is an abstract subject 天文学是一门深奥的学科 16 subjective adj 主观的 反义词是 objective man s subjective initiative 人的主观能动性 Everyone s opinion is bound to be subjective 每个人的意见都必定是十分主观的 17 appetite n 食欲 欲望 嗜好 10 have an appetite for She has an appetite for learning 她有求知欲 嗜好学习 to lose one s appetite 食欲不振 He has a good poor appetite 他胃口很好 不好 18 assistance n 协助 援助 补助 financial assistance 经济资助 Can I be of any assistance to you 我能帮你什么忙吗 with the assistance of 在某人的帮助之下 come to sb s assistance 援助某人 give render assistance to 给以援助 assist v assist sb with sth in doing sth to do 19 abandon vt 抛弃 舍弃 离弃 abandon one s home 离弃家园 He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money 他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱 abandoned himself to 陷入 沉湎于 He abandoned himself to despair 他自暴自弃 abandoned adj 被遗弃的 an abandoned house 被遗弃的房子 20 start from scratch 从头做起从头做起 白手起家白手起家 It was years since I d learned any German and I really had to start again from scratch 我好多年没学德语了 真的要重新从头开始了 21 Having twisted her ankle our tour guide had to be taken to the hospital twist n 一扭 扭曲 v 拧 扭曲 twist one s ankle 扭伤了踝骨 The papers twisted everything I said 报纸把我的话全都歪曲了 22 reservation n 保留保留 旅馆房间等旅馆房间等 预定预定 预约预约 make reservations 定座 定房间 等 without reservation 毫不保留地 11 I d like to call the restaurant and make a reservation 我要给饭店打个电话预定座位 Some members of the committee expressed reservations about the proposal 委员会一些成员对这项提议持保留态度 reserve v 预定 预约 保留 I ve reserved a room in the name of Jones 我已经以琼斯的名字预定了一个房间 These seats are reserved for special guests 这些座位是留给贵宾的 23 However that hotel was booked full book v 预定 预约 Book early to avoid disappointment 及早预约 以免失望 The performance is fully booked up 这次演出的票全预定出去了 24 a couple of 两个两个 几个几个 I have a couple of things to do 我有几件事要做 25 hardly when 一一 就就 通常 when 前面的动词用过去完成时 后面的用过去时 Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop 我们刚开始就被叫停 当否定副词 hardly 放在句首时 主句的主谓用倒装语序 类似的结构还有 No sooner than Scarcely when 等 如 Scarcely had we gone out when it began to snow 我们刚一出来就下起雪来了 No sooner had she reached the station than the train left 她刚到车站火车就开走了 Sentences Line 7 I was amazed to learn that just a painter 我惊讶地得知 毕加索一生创作了两万多件艺术作品 而且他不仅是一位油画家 that 后面的整个句子做 learn 的宾语 其中 第二个宾语从句中 that he wasn t just a painter 中的引导词 that 不可省 Line 16 In the Louver Museum is the artist Leonardo da Vinci 卢浮宫里有意大利画家奥纳多 达 芬奇著名的油画 蒙娜 丽莎 本句是一个倒装句 主语 the famous Mona Lisa painting 放在谓语动词 is 之后 在有 些句子中 由于没有宾语 而主语又比较长 可将主语放句末 将谓语放在主语前面 而 将状语或表语放句首 这是一种完全倒装形式 不需要借助助动词 本句就是这种类型的 12 句子 如 At the top of the mountain stands a temple 山上有座寺庙 From the distance came occasional shots 远处传来零星的枪声 Line 19 This painting is so valuable that wanted to sell it 这幅画如此珍贵 如果博物馆想卖了它 都很难为它估价 so that 如此 以至于 如对 so 后面的成分进行强调 放句首 so 后 面的从句要用部分倒装 即把助动词提前 that 后面的从句使用的是 if 引导的虚拟语气 表示与客观事实相反的情况 Line 23 Besides the works of Da Vinci to the 19th century 除了达 芬奇的作品 卢浮宫里还藏有其他欧洲画家从 13 世纪到 19 世纪创作的六千余 件作品 复习一下复习一下 works 的用法的用法 range from to 意思是 从 到 在 和 之间 Prices ranged from 5 dollars to 10 dollars 价格自五美元至十美元不等 Line 44 The sad thing is that although he died in 1890 令人可悲的是 虽然凡 高把自己都奉献给了绘画 但在他 1890 年去世前他仅卖出了 一幅画 devote to that 后面的整个从句是 is 的表语 that 引导的是一个表语从句 其中 表语从句 中又是一个 although 引导的让步状语从句 完成句子完成句子 1 那不会有什么好处 因此我们决不能允许它继续 It won t do any good so we can allow it 2 她正在电话里和她男朋友交谈 线路突然被切断了 She while her boy friend telephone 3 帮我个忙把收音机声音调低一点当我在打电话时 and the radio while I m on the phone 4 你的作文很出色 就是有些拼写错误 Your composition is very good there are some 13 5 他远游到西藏 并了解了西藏人的文化 He Tibet and the of the Tibetans 6 那是我们无法忍受的 所以便决定到户外去游戏了 That was we could so we outdoors 7 三兄弟轮流照顾生病的妈妈 The three brothers their sick mother 8 不论困难多大 他决心去尝试一下这个实验 it is he at the experiment 9 这里所有的人 包括老人 都参加了抗洪斗争 Everyone here the fight the flood 10 他一生致力于研究英语语法 He English grammar 五 语法应用五 语法应用 谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装 从倒装的形来看 可分为全部倒装 full inversion 和部分倒装 partial inversion 两种 前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前 而后者 仅是指助动词 情态动词或 be 动词等功能置于主语这前 一 全部倒装一 全部倒装 1 句首为 句首为 there be stand lie exist remain appear seem come 等时 引出全部倒装 等时 引出全部倒装 There stands a stone bridge across the river There stands an old pine tree on the summit of the mountain 2 句首为状语方位词或表示地点的介词短语 句首为状语方位词或表示地点的介词短语 Then from the portable radio in the corner came the announcer s voice 从角落里的便携式收音机里传来了播音员的声音 At his side lay Eva Brown 在他的身旁躺着的是爱娃 布劳恩 3 以 以 here there now then 等开头的句子 位于常用等开头的句子 位于常用 be come go begin follow 等 等 引出倒装 引出倒装 There goes the bell 铃响了 Here comes the bus 汽车来了 14 Now come your turn 现在轮到你了 但是 如主语是代词而不是名词时则不发生倒装 但是 如主语是代词而不是名词时则不发生倒装 4 在表示动作的简短句子里 为了生动可把副词放于句首引出倒装 在表示动作的简短句子里 为了生动可把副词放于句首引出倒装 Out rushed the dog from the gate 一条狗从大门里窜了出来 Up went the rocket into the sky 火箭嗖地一声飞上了天空 5 在表达祝愿的句子里 在表达祝愿的句子里 Long live the friendship between American and Chinese people 中美人民的友谊万岁 May you succeed 祝你成功 6 在强调表语时 在强调表语时 Worst of all were the humiliations 最令人难以忍受的是羞辱 Such is the case 情况就是这样 二 部分倒装二 部分倒装 1 省略 省略 if 的虚拟条件句中的虚拟条件句中 Had I known what was going to happen I would never have left her alone 如果当时知道可能发生的事的话 我就不会撇下她一个人在那了 Were there no air or water there would be no life in the world 没有空气和水 世界上就不会有生命 2 在以 在以 so 肯定肯定 和和 neither nor 否定否定 的句子中的句子中 He didn t fear new ideas nor did he fear the future 他不怕新想法 也不怕未来 I ve had some good ideas so have other men 我有些新的想法 别人也会有啊 Distrust can be contagious but so can trust 不信任有传染力 同样信任也具有传染力 3 当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时 如 当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时 如 never little often not only not until hardly scarcely seldom no sooner than in no way at no time under no circumstances by no means in no case 采用部分倒装 采用部分倒装 Little does he care about money 他很少关心钱 Not until recently did I know what he had done 直到最近我才知道他所做的事 15 4 句首状语由 句首状语由 only 副词 副词 only 介词短语 介词短语 only 状语分词时状语分词时 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing 直到昨天他才发现表丢了 Only in our country can science serve the interests of the people 只有在我们国家科学才能 服务于人民的利益 5 在强调宾语时 在强调宾语时 Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction 我们应该为社会主义建设作出更大的贡献 Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid 从废弃液体中我们能提取有用的化学肥料 6 在某些句型中 在某些句型中 1 以以 as 引出的让步状语从句引出的让步状语从句 Poor as he was he was honest 他尽管贫穷 但很诚实 Poor as I am it is beneath me to steal 我虽然穷 还不屑于去偷 Much as I admire him as a writer I don t like him as a man 他作为作家我虽然敬慕他 但作为人我不喜欢他 Try as he may he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily 尽管他很努力 然而其工作却不令人满意 2 连词不位于句首的某些让步从句连词不位于句首的某些让步从句 把动词原形置于句首把动词原形置于句首 Object though you may they will go on as usual 尽管你反对 他们仍然我行我素 3 在某些相当于让步从句的固定结构中 动词置于句首在某些相当于让步从句的固定结构中 动词置于句首 Be it right or wrong we ll still go 无论对错 我一如既往 4 在在 so that 的结构中的结构中 so 位于句首位于句首 So fast does the light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed 光传播的很快我们 无法测量其速度 So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs 他说话的声音很高连楼上的人都听得见 So astonished was he that he could scarcely contain himself for joy 他如此吃惊竟然控制不 住自己的喜悦之情 巩固练习巩固练习 16 1 Not until all the fish died in the river how serious the pollution was A the villagers realize B did the villagers realize C didn t the villagers realize D the villagers did realize 2 The door opened A came in a pretty girl in B in came a pretty girl C came a pretty girl in D in a pretty girl came 3 Not only polluted but crowded A was the city were the streets B the city was were the streets C the city was the streets were D was the city the streets were 4 I began to fall over my own feet Down again and again A I went B did I go C went I D I did go 5 Against the wall on the opposite side A stand two cupboards B there stand two cupboards C two cupboards stand there D there two cupboards stand 6 Did you know Jim quarreled with his brother I don t know A nor do I care B I don t care neither C nor don t care D I don t care also 7 when to go there A Only did he know B Only knows he C Only he knows D Only does he know 8 Never before in her life such a strange man A she met B she has met C has she met D did she met 9 Tom has never been to Paris A not have I B nor have I C I haven t too D So have I 10 On the wall her schoolbag A hang B hanged C hangs D hanging 11 So hard that all of us praised him A does he work B he worked C he works D did he work 12 the crops would be saved A It should rain B Rain it should C Should it rain D If it had rained 17 13 Mother came home I go to bed yesterday evening A Not until did B Until do C Until did C Not until do 14 I have finished my homework Oh did you A So I have B So have I C Neither I have D Neither have I 15 Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language A So it was with Engels B So was Engels C So Engels was D Engels was so 16 Our teacher usually goes home late in the evening A So does he B So is he C So he does D So he is 17 The doctor said Now breathe deeply Charlie and A Charlie did so B so did Charlie C so Charlie did D so it was with Charlie 18 he knows a lot A Child as he is B As he is child C A child as he is D As child he is 19 come in the room I heard the telephone rang A Had I hardly and B Hardly had I when C Hardly I had than D I hardly had then 20 do they go to the park on Sunday A How often B Usually C Seldom D Sometimes 六 翻译句子六 翻译句子 1 他一到那儿就着手解决问题 set about doing sth set out to do sth 2 只有刻苦努力学习我们才能通过考试 only by doing sth 3 除非被告知 否则不要离开办公室 unless 4 我不喜欢喝咖啡 我弟弟也不喜欢 nor neither 5 对于青少年来说 能够明辨是非是非常重要的 distinguish from 18 6 每一次我看见他 他都显得很忧郁 look depressed 7 我花了很长时间才让他相信我是诚实的 convince sb of sth 8 约翰的数学比迪克好 be superior to 9 他所说的非常重要 一定要记住 be of importance important 10 虽然被打败了 但我们并没有泄气 用省略句 七 单项选择七 单项选择 1 What is the cost of your shirts here sir It depends on which fashion you want to buy and the prices from 100 dollars to 500 dollars A increases B ranges C reaches D different 2 Phillip can you see something red in the distance on the water A flowing B flying C floating D wandering 3 This book is rather can you give me an interesting one A bored B boring C tired D uninterested 4 Hurry up Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate Oh I thought they without me A went B are going C have gone D had gone 5 Hey Wang Lin Why did you get up so early this morning I that the bell had rung A think B thought C was thinking D had thought 6 He is good at drawing A quiet things B still objects C still lifes D still lives 7 On the second day after her wedding she sweets to all the students in the class A distributed B provided C bought D gave away 8 John has a special talent drawing 19 A with B in C for D of 9 To my I came first A amaze B amazed C amazing D amazement 10 am more than to take you in my car A happy B happier C happily D happiness 11 I that we would arrive there at 6 00 p m A counted B figured C calculated D evaluate 12 He devoted his life world peace A to promote B to promoting C promoting D for promoting13 Her son to whom she was so went abroad ten years ago A lovedB cared C devoted D affected 14 We negotiated the school master the tuition increase A on with B with of C with about D with to 15 Tom adores classic novels and dreams a writer A reading being B to read of beingC reading of being D to read being 16 He is suffering from lack of He didn t feel like eating anything A money B appetite C water D information 17 He is lazy He has no for work A interest B a desire C care D appetite 18 He asked us to them in carrying through their plan A assist B assistant C assistance D help 19 The girl had to the journey because of her mother s illness A cut short B abandon C give up D all of the above 20 I ll never forget the books that I read in my middle school which left a deep on me A impression B impressionism C expression D affect 21 We must all the possibilities of the solution to the problem A search B explore C examine D discover 22 We found a little baby at the street corner A abandoning B abandonedC abandonment D to be abandoned 23 Don t abandon yourself the football match 20 A to watch B to observe C to watching D to observing 24 I ve got an itch 痒 on my back Can you it for me A scratch B catch C grasp D get hold of 25 As we all know cold is a very disease in winter A common B ordinary C usual D general 26 I d like to a table for three for eight o clock A book B reserve C order D A and B 27 I ve made a for dinner at the restaurant A fortune B difference C reservation D agreement 28 You should the money for future need A put away B reserve C save D all of the above 29 The idea of happiness is extremely People may have different views on it A abstract B specific C subjective D mental 30 Cubism is a 20th century style of art objects as geometric shapes A that represented B where are C which are presented D in which are presented 八 八 Reading strategy Reading a life story When you are reading someone s life story which is sometimes called biography you will usually find that the text goes in the order that things happened It will begin bu talking about when and where the person was born e g He was born in France in 1840 it may discuss their childhood and education and early influences If the person is famous for their skills or work the text will talk about their most famous works the style of their works and what made them special It may also compare them to other famous people in the same field Then it will mention the date of their death and perhaps talk about what people thought about their work 九 课文复述九 课文复述 1 Passage A Reading 1 There have been many great European painters but it is subjective to say who was actually the best One of the earliest was Lenardo da Vinci an 1 painter who was born in 1452 As 21 well as being a painter da Vince was also a sculptor an architect and an engineer He had an 2 for life and enjoyed exploring the 3 of objects and animals He was famous as a scientist 4 for his discoveries in astronomy His great artistic 5 was Mona Lisa a painting whose value cannot be calculated and which can be seen in Paris museum called the Louve The Netherlands is another country with many famous artists 6 van Gogh He painted a lot of nature scenes including Starry Night He was known 7 a style called Impressionism Although we admire him today he was never successful With the 8 of his brother he sold one