高考英语二轮复习 非谓语动词模拟和真题解析精品教案12

1 高考英语二轮复习精品教案 非谓语动词模拟和真题解析高考英语二轮复习精品教案 非谓语动词模拟和真题解析 1212 非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点 也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一 非谓语动词分为三种形式 不定式 V ing 分词 又分为现在分词和动名词 和过去分词 1 非谓语动词的语法功能 所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语 主语 补足语定语 插入语 独立成分 现在分词 V ing 形 式 动名词 不定式 to do 过去分词 done 注 常见作独立成分的非谓语动词 to tell you the truth 实话说 needless to say 不用说 to be honest frank 老实说 坦白说 to be more exact 更确切地说 to make things worse 更糟的是 not to mention 更不用说 Generally Frankly Roughly speaking 一般说来 坦白说 粗略地说 2 非谓语动词的变化形式 构成 语态 非谓语 形式时态 主动被动 复合结构否定式 一般式 to doto be done 进行式 to have done to have been done 完成式 to be doing 不定式 完成 进行式 to have been doing for sb to do sth 或 of sb to do sth 在 to 前加 not 或 never 一般式 doingbeing done 动名词 完成式 having done having been done sb 或 sb s doing 作主语要用 sb s doing 在前加 not 特别注意复合结构 的否定式 sb s not doing sb s not having done 现在 分词 与动名词变化形式相同在前加 not 一 辨别谓语与非谓语 特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语 The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat A being weighed B weighs C weighed D weighing 解析 容易误选 B 或 C 将其当成谓语看待 under the age of four and less than 40 pounds 用作 children 的定语 动词 weigh 与名词 children 是主动关系 所以选择 weighing 2 blood if you can and many lives will be saved A Giving B Give C Given D To give 解析 如果不注意分析句子结构 会误选 A 或 C 项 这是祈使句 and 陈述句的句型 答案 B 二 非谓语作主语 宾语的重点 1 it 充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语 It is important for us to learn English very well 对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的 I think it important for us to learn English very well 我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重 要的 it 作形式主语使用动名词的句型 It is no use no good useless doing sth It is no use crying 哭没有用 It is fun a great pleasure a waste of time It is a waste of time trying to explain 设法解释是浪费时间 2 用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定 I don t want like I m speaking ill of anybody but the manager s plan is unfair A to sound B to be soundedC sounding D to have sounded 解析 want 后要跟动词不定式作宾语 sound 是连系动词不用被动式 与谓语动词没有时间的先后 故不可用它的完成式 答案 A 类似的知识点要记牢 如 help hope ask refuse decide promise wish pretend expect arrange learn plan demand dare manage agree prepare fail determine offer choose desire elect long 等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语 It is difficult to imagine his the decision without any consideration A accept B accepting C to accept D accepted 解析 imagine 要求用动名词作宾语 答案 B 类似的知识点要记牢 下列常见的这些动词 组 后要用动词动名词作宾语 suggest risk devote oneself to 建议冒险去献身 finish imagine bear stand look forward to 完成想象忍盼望 give up delay put off regret miss 放弃延期悔失去 insist on stick to enjoy appreciate feel like practice 坚持欣赏要实践 pay attention to excuse escape avoid object to 注意原谅逃 避反对 keep be get used to be accustomed to mind 保持习惯勿介意 be worth set about burst out get down to be busy 值得开始将忙乎 3 用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同 In some parts of London missing a bus means for another hour A waiting B to wait C wait D to be waiting 解析 此题意为 在英国的一些地方 如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时 mean doing sth 意为 意味着什么 mean to do sth 意为 试图 打算做什么 答案 A 类似的知识点要记牢 动词本身意义不变 跟不定式和动名词意义不同 remember to do sth 记住要做 remember doing sth 记得过去做过 forget to do sth 忘了已做过的事 forget doing sth 忘记要做某事 动词本身意义改变 跟不定式和动名词意义不同 regret to do sth 对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾 3 regret doing sth 对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔 mean to do sth 打算 想要 mean doing 意味着 意思是 try to do sth 努力做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 can t help doing sth 情不自禁 忍不住 can t help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事 be considered to have done 被认为已经做了 consider to be 认为是 consider doing 考虑做某事 动词本身意义不变 跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同 want need require 接动名词表示被动意义 接不定式就要用被动式 这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关 系 These young trees require looking after to be looked after The matter needs thinking over to be thought over 下列动词跟动词不定式做目的状语 跟动名词作宾语 stop to do 停下来 要做另一件事 不定式作目的状语 stop doing 停止做 动名词作宾语 go on to do 接着做另一件事 不定式作目的状语 go on doing 继续做同一件事 动名词作宾语 4 有些动词后要用 疑问词 不定式 结构作复合宾语 It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows A it what to do with B what to do it with C what to do with it D to do what with it 解析 本题考查 疑问词 不定式 和动词短语 do with 的用法 答案 C 三 非谓语作表语的重点 不定式 动名词与分词作表语的区别 不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语 含义是回答主 语 是什么 分词作表语相当于形容词作表语 含义是回答主语 怎么样 Our plan is to keep the affair secret 我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密 Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people 他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅 The music they are playing sounds exciting 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动 This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world 这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知 现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别 现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语 怎么样 的 现 在分词说明主语的特征 过去分词说明主语的状态 如 This dog is frightening 这条狗让人害怕 说明狗的特征 This dog is frightened 这条狗有些害怕 说明狗的心理状态 Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a day s climbing 爬山是累人的 爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了 tiring 说明 climbing 的特征 tired 说明我们的状态 注意 在下列句中 非谓语动词具体的语法功能 What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales 他想建议的是降价促销 不定式作表语 说明主语 是什么 My American teacher is to leave China soon 我的美国老师即将离开中国 不定式作表语 表示将来 4 Her work is taking care of the children 她的工作是照顾小孩 现在分词作表语 说明主语 是什 么 She is taking care of the children 她在照料小孩 构成进行时 说明主语正在执行的动作 The cup is broken 杯子碎了 过去分词作表语 说明主语所处的状态 The cup was broken by Peter 杯子是被彼得打坏的 构成被动语态 说明主语是动作的承受者 四 非谓语作宾语补足语的重点 1 理解下表中所列的关系 非谓语与宾语的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系 不定式主动关系 在谓语动词后发生 不带 to 的不定式表示动作的全过程 现在分词主动关系同时进行 过去分词被动关系动作已经完成或表示状态 When I came in I saw her dancing happily 主动进行 I saw him go to the cinema 主动 全过程 We heard her singing next door 主动进行 We heard the song sung by her next door 被动完成 We heard the song being sung next door 被动进行 2 下列动词和短语必须以用不定式作宾语补足语 wish want ask require request order warn allow permit forbid expect remind encourage inspire call on depend on 注意 advise allow permit forbid 宾语 不定式作宾语补足语 advise allow permit forbid 动名词作宾语时 What did the librarian out of the library A permit to take B forbid to be taken C allow to take D insist being taken I don t allow in my office and I don t allow my family at all A to smoke smoking B smoking to smoke C to smoke to smoke D smoking smoking 答案 BB 3 在 think consider find 等动词后常用 to be adj 结构作宾语补足语 有时 to be 省略 We all discover him to be kind and honest 4 几个特别的结构 have 宾语 do doing done have 宾语 do sth 意为 让 叫 使某人做某事 此结构中的 have 是使役动词 宾语后的 do sth 是不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语 The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day 老板经常要他们一天工作 14 个小时 have 宾语 doing 意为 叫 让 使某人做某事或让某种情况发生 宾语后面用现在分词作宾语 补足语 表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系 且动作正在进行 Don t have the dog barking much Lilin 李林 别让狗狂吠不停 have 宾语 done 意为 让 叫 使 请别人做某事 或者是 遭受 遭遇了 此时 主语是无 意中的受害者 而不是动作的执行者 的意思 宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语 说明宾语与过去分 词表示的动作之间是被动关系 We had the machine mended just now 我们刚才请人把机器修好了 He had his leg injured while playing football 他在踢足球时腿受了伤 get 宾语 to do doing done 三种结构的意义请参看上述 have 宾语 do doing done 的意义解释 5 He got his sister to help him with his clothes 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服 Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗 Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了 catch sb doing sth 逮住某人干某事 If she catches me reading her diary she ll be furious 如果她抓住我偷看她的日记 她会愤怒 的 make oneself done oneself 与其后的过去分词存在着动宾关系 或者说是被动关系 He raised his voice in order to make himself heard 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话 五 非谓语作定语的重点 1 理解下表中所列的关系 分类形式与被修饰词的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系 动宾关系在谓语动作后发生 to do the last next first 后常接 不定式作定语 表示主谓关系 在谓语动作前或者后发生不定式 to be done 被动关系在谓语动作后发生 doing 主动关系与谓语动作同时进行现在 分词 being done 被动关系与谓语动作同时进行 在谓语动作之前发生过去 分词 done 被动关系 存在的状态或情况 It is a good chance to practice your spoken English 这是练习你的口语的好机会 He was the last one to leave the office 他是最后一个离开办公室的 The woman standing over there is our English teacher 站在那边的那个妇女是我们的英语老师 The house to be built which will be built which is to be built next year will be our new library 将要建的 The house being built which is being built now will be our new library 正在建的 The house built which was built last year is our new library now 已经建成的 I like reading books written by Lu Xun 我喜欢读鲁迅写的小说 2 动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢 When I handed the report to John he said that George was the person A to send B for sending it C to send it to D for sending it to 解析 该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语 排除 B 和 D 答案 A 中 没有 to 就意味着是把 George 这个人打发走 本句意思是将该报告送给这个人 George it 指这个报告 因此 to 不能少 答案 C 六 非谓语作状语的重点 1 理解下表中所列的关系 非谓语与逻辑主语 即句子的主语 的关系与谓语动作的时间关系 doing 一般式 作状语主动关系 几乎 与谓语动作同时进行 having done 完成式 作状语 主动关系先于谓语动作发生 having been done 完成 被动式 作状语 被动关系先于谓语动作发生 done 过去分词 作状语被动关系 已经在过去发生或是 不十分强调时间概念 Waiting When I was waiting to see the doctor I met with a friend of mine Having Because we have made full preparations we are sure to be successful Having been shown around After we had been shown the library we were then taken to see 6 the laboratory Seen When the town is seen from the hill the town looks more beautiful Locked When he was locked up in the room he found himself isolated from the outer world 2 too to enough to do only to 等结构表示结果 The boy is too young to join the navy 这男孩太小参不了海军 The hall is big enough to hold 1 000 people 这厅大得足以容纳一千人 They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet 他们搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚 注意 动词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果 而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果 Her husband died in 1942 leaving her with five children The bus was held up by snowstorm thus causing the delay 3 分词 短语 作状语的附着规则 使用分词 短语 作句子状语时 有一条规则必须遵守 即分词 短语 的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语 一致 否则句子就是错句 from the top of the tower the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees A Seen B Seeing C Have seen D To see 解析 此处是非谓语动词做状语 逻辑主语是句子的主语 非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系 用过 去分词 答案 A 对比 Seeing from the top of the tower we can find the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees 主要 已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词 短语 不需要遵守这条附着规则 常见的的有 considering 鉴于 考虑到 judging by from 从 来看 依据 来判断 supposing that 假定 providing that 假定 according to 依据 including 包括 owing to 由于 talking speaking of 谈及 given 考虑到 provided that 如果 4 独立主格结构和 with 复合结构 逻辑主语 不定式 现在分词 过去分词 I send you 100 dollars today the rest to follow in a year 今天我先给你寄 100 美元 其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去 Weather permitting I ll go to the park with my parents on Sunday 如果天气允许 星期天我将和爸妈去公园 All things considered the planned trip will have to be called off 考虑到所有的情况 原来计划好的旅行不得不取消 with without 宾语 不定式 现在分词 过去分词 With a lot of difficult problems to settle the newly elected president is having a hard time 有很多难题要解决新任总统日子可不好过 Without anything to eat he died of hunger 由于没有东西吃 他饿死了 The Yangtze river is very busy with so many boats and ships coming and going every day 每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌 Without any more time given we couldn t finish the task in three weeks 如果不另给我们时间的话 我们三星期之内完成不了任务 With everything well arranged he left the office 一切都安排妥善之后 他离开了办公室 七 不定式的省略 不定式的省略我们可以分作两种 一种是对不定式符号 to 的省略 如 make sb do sth 等 另一 种则是不定式符号 to 后省略实义动词的形式 这儿讲的是第二种情况 又称不定式符号 to 的替代 作用 7 常见情形有 would should like love to used to have to ought to be going to be able to be willing to 等后面的 to 均 为不定式符号 重复时可省略 to 后该不定式短语 如 Could you lend me your dictionary 能把你的词典借给我吗 I d like to lend you my dictionary 行 动词 afford agree expect forget hope intend manage need pretend refuse try want wish 等后面常 接不定式短语作宾语 重复时可省略 to 后该宾语 如 You may ask him for help if you want to ask him for help 如果你愿意 可以请他帮你 动词 allow beg expect forbid force invite order permit tell persuade 等后面常接不 定式短语作宾语 补足语 重复时可省略 to 后该宾语补足语 如 I ll go to her birthday party if she invites me to go to her birthday party 如果她邀请我参加她的生日聚会 我会去 八 非谓语动词的逻辑主语 一般说来非谓语动词的逻辑主语要么就是句子的主语或宾语 要么就是被它所修饰的中心词 但是有时 需要明确非谓语动词所表示动作的执行者或承受者 这时就要标明它的逻辑主语 当动名词短语作主语 宾语或表语时 具有名词特性 其逻辑主语由 名词所有格或形容词性物主代 词 表示 放在动名词短语之前 当动名词短语不在句首时 也可由 名词普通格或代词宾 格 表示 Helen s Her being absent made the teacher very angry 海伦 她没来上课 让老师很生气 They insisted on my me speaking at the meeting 他们坚持要我在会上发言 形容词 for 名词或代词 动词不定式 形容词通常表示事物的性质 It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday 你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作 His idea is for us to travel in different cars 他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游 形容词 of 名词或代词 动词不定式 形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征 How careless it is of him to break such a valuable vase 他真不小心 把如此贵重的 花瓶打破了 It s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby 你真勇敢 冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿 九 关于 there be 的非谓语形式 there be 非谓语形式可在句中作主语 宾语 状语和定语 1 作动词宾语时 通常用 there to be 结构 而不用 there being 能这样用的及物动词为 expect like mean intend want prefer hate 等 如 We don t want there to be any comrades lagging behind 我们不希望有任何同志掉队 They hate there to be long queues everywhere 他们不愿意处处都要排长队 We have no objection to there being a meeting here 我们并不反对在这里开会 2 作状语多用 there being 结构 但若置于介词 for 之后要用 there to be There being nobody else at hand I had to do by myself 由于附近没有人 我只得独自干了 原 因状语 It s too early for there to be anybody up 太早了 还不会有人起床 作程度状语 There having been no rain for a long time the ground was very dry 因为好长时间没下雨了 地面非常干燥 原因状语 8 3 作主语时两种结构都可以 但如是用 for 引导则要用 there to be It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young 老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的 There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers 校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便 Please do me a favor my friend Mr Smith to Youth Theater at 7 30 tonight A to invite B inviting C invite D invited 解析 答案为 C 该题目把祈使句 非谓语动词以及破折号的作用综合到一起来进行考察查 句意 请 帮我个忙 邀请我的朋友史密斯先生今晚 7 点半到青年剧院 破折号后是一个祈使句 1 作宾语时的区别 I can t stand with Jane in the same office She just refuses talking while she works A working stopping B to work stopping C working to stop D to work to stop 解析 答案为 C stand 在这里表示 忍受 后面要求用动名词作宾语 而 refuse 要用不定式作 宾语 Isn t it time you got down to the papers A mark B be markedC being marked D marking 解析 答案为 D got down to 中的 to 是介词因而要用动名词作宾语 而动名词 marking 与其逻辑主语 you 是主动关系 There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need A that to be improved B which to be improved C where improving D when improving 解析 答案为 A 因为 公路状况需要改善 need 后接 improving 或 to be improved 都可 以 后面的从句应是 problem 的同位语 应用 that 引导 Susan wanted to be independent of her parents She triedalone but she didn t like it and moved back home A livingB to live C to be living D having lived 解析 答案为 A try doing sth 意为 试着做某事 try to do sth 意为 尽力去做某事 句意 苏姗不想依赖父母 她试着一个人生活 但不喜欢这样 又搬回家去了 All the staff in our company are considering to the city centre for the fashion show A to go B going C to have gone D having gone 解析 答案为 B consider doing 意为 考虑做某事 2 作表语时的区别 Tom sounds very much in the job but I m not sure whether he can manage it A interested B interesting C interestingly D interestedly 解析 答案为 A sound 是连系动词 应使用形容词化的分词作表语 C D 备选项都是副词 应排 9 除 interest 的现在分词表示主语所具有的特征 意思是 令人感兴趣的 过去分词表示主语所处 的状态 意思是 感兴趣的 Please remain the winner of the prize will be announced soon A seatingB seated C to seat D to be seated 解析 答案为 B seat 是及物动词 be seated sit down 此处 seated sitting remain seated 保持坐着的状态 句意为 请各位在座位上坐着 获奖者很快就会宣布的 3 作宾语 主语 补足语时的区别 The teacher asked us so much noise A don t make B not make C not making D not to make 解析 答案为 D 在动词 ask 后面用不定式作宾语补足语 其否定形式是 not to do Excuse me sir where is Room 301 Just a minute I ll have Bob you to your room A show B shows C to show D showing A cook will be immediately fired if he was found in kitchen A smoke B smokingC to smoke D smoked 解析 答案为 B find 后接现在分词作主语补足语 此句中 smoking 是主语 he 的补足语 所以称为主语补足语 表示主动的正在发生的事 根据 immediately 可判断出 厨师当场被发现在厨 房吸烟会被立即开除 To learn English well we should find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we can A speak B speaking C spoken D to speak 解析 答案为 C 此处考查 hear 宾语 do doing done 的结构 因为 English 是 被说 故用 过去分词 spoken 作宾补 表示被动 4 作后置定语时的区别 If there is a lot of work I m happy to just keep on until it is finished A to do B to be doing C done D doing 解析 答案为 A work 和 do 虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系 但主语 I 和 do 存在逻辑上的主 谓关系 此时用 to do 做后置定语 When I handed the report to John he said that George was the person A to send B for sending it C to send it to D for sending it to 解析 答案为 C 该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语 排除 B 和 D 选项 答案 A 项意为 送乔治这个 人走 显然不符合题意 而应该是将报告送给 乔治这个人 才符合题意 it 指这个报告 后面的 介词 to 不能少 The last one pays the meal Agreed A arrived B arrives C to arrive D arriving 解析 答案为 C the last next first 后常接不定式作定语 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008 A hold B holding C held D to be held 解析 答案为 D 非谓语动词作后置定语的三种情况 the meeting to be held 意为 即将召开的会 10 议 the meeting held 意为 已经召开的会议 the meeting being held 是 正在召开的会议 的意 思 很显然当时 2006 年 the 29th Olympic Games 还没有召开 故选 D 项 Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV there are pictures in your mind instead of before your eyes A to form B form C forming D having formed 解析 答案为 C 根据本题提供的语境 看书时有画面在大脑中形成 而句中有谓语 there are 所以本应填非谓语动词 可排除 B 项 又因为 看书的同时就会形成 排除 A D 选项 故 选 C 项作定语 At the beginning of class the noise of desks could be heard outside the classroom A opened and closed B to be opened and closed C being opened and closed D to open and close 解析 答案为 C 参看上面的例 The Town Hall in the 1800 s was the most distinguished building at that time A to be completed B having been completed C completed D being completed 解析 答案为 C 参看上面例 的简析 Can thoseat the back of the classroom hear me No problem A seat B sitC seated D sat 解析 答案为 C sit 为不及物动词 可用 sitting 作定语 seat 为及物动词 常与反身代 词连用或用 be seated 形式 这里 seat 与 those 构成逻辑上的被动关系 故用其过去分词作 定语 those who are seated 5 作状语时的区别 He hurried to the booking office only that all the tickets has been sold out A to be told B to tell C told D telling 解析 答案为 A only 后接不定式表示出人意料的结果 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year a record US 57 65 a barrel on April 4 A have reached B reaching C to reach D to be reaching 解析 答案为 B 从句意来分析 主句部分表示油价上涨了百分之三十二 逗号后面的内容为油价上涨 后的必然结果 达到 记录 The storm left a lot of damage to this area A caused B to have caused C to cause D having caused 解析 答案为 D 因 The storm 与 cause 存在逻辑上的主动关系 故排除选项 A 不定式作状语 前面通常不用逗号 排除 B C 选项 因暴风雨给这个地区 造成损失 是在 结束 之前 所以用完成 式 You can t catch me Janet shouted away A run B running C to run D ran 解析 答案为 B running away 在此作 shouted 的伴随状语 由珍妮特发出这一动作 故用现在 分词 to reach them on the phone we sent an email instead A Fail B Failed C To fail D Having failed 解析 答案为 D 非谓语动词与主语构成主谓关系 且 没有打动电话 在 发电子邮件 前已经发 生 用现在分词主动式的完成式作时间状语 around the Water Cube we were then taken to see the Bird s Nest for the 2008 11 Olympic Games A Having shown B To be shownC Having been shown D To show 解析 答案为 C show 与 take 之间有明显的时间先后关系 且句子的主语与 show 构成逻辑 上的动宾关系 故该空格处用完成式的被动形式 in a white uniform he looks more like a cook than a doctor A Dressed B To dress C Dressing D Having dressed 解析 答案为 A dress 是及物动词 其用法为 dress sb oneself 表动作 be dressed in 表状态 dress 与 he 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系 故用过去分词 into use in April 2000 the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns A Put B Putting C Having put D Being put 解析 答案为 A 句子的主语是 the hotline 与 投入使用 存在着逻辑上的被动关系 而且表示 过 去的事情 所以排除 D 项 Faced with a bill for 10 000 A an extra job has been given to John B the boss has given John an extra job C an extra job has been taken D John has taken an extra job 解析 答案为 A 根据 分词作状语其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致 的原则 只有 A 项才对 the more expensive the camera the better its quali