福建省三明市2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期末质量检测试题（含解析）

1 福建省三明市福建省三明市 2018 20192018 2019 学年高一英语下学期期末质量检测试题 含学年高一英语下学期期末质量检测试题 含 解析 解析 试卷满分试卷满分 100100 分 考试时间分 考试时间 120120 分钟分钟 本试卷由四个部分组成 其中第一 二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题 第三部分的第二本试卷由四个部分组成 其中第一 二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题 第三部分的第二 节和第四部分为非选择题 节和第四部分为非选择题 考生注意 考生注意 1 1 答题前 考生务必将自己的学校 班级 姓名填写在答题卡上 考生要认真核对答题卡答题前 考生务必将自己的学校 班级 姓名填写在答题卡上 考生要认真核对答题卡 上的信息 上的信息 2 2 第一卷每小题选出答案后 用第一卷每小题选出答案后 用 2b2b 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑 如需改动 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑 如需改动 用橡皮擦干净后 再选涂其他答案标号 第二卷用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答 如用橡皮擦干净后 再选涂其他答案标号 第二卷用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答 如 在试卷上作答 答案无效 在试卷上作答 答案无效 3 3 考试结束 监考员将答题卡收回 考试结束 监考员将答题卡收回 第一部分听力理解 共两节 满分第一部分听力理解 共两节 满分 2020 分 分 做题时 先将答案标在试卷上 录音内容结束后 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂做题时 先将答案标在试卷上 录音内容结束后 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上 到答题卡上 第一节 共第一节 共 5 5 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 1 分 满分分 满分 5 5 分 分 听下面听下面 5 5 段对话 每段对话后有一个小题 从题中所给的段对话 每段对话后有一个小题 从题中所给的 a a b b c c 三个选项中选出最佳选项 三个选项中选出最佳选项 并标在试卷的相应位置 听完后 每小题给出并标在试卷的相应位置 听完后 每小题给出 5 5 秒钟的作答时间 每段对话仅读一遍 秒钟的作答时间 每段对话仅读一遍 例 how much is the shirt a i couldn t breathe so i turned around and came outside that s when i saw people hanging out of the window boykin was at his friend melanie nunemaker s house across the street from the apartment he knew something was wrong when he saw a baby drop out of the window catching the child below was smith boykin ran to a nearby house to get a ladder and rushed back to help he 7 found smith with his arms outstretched shouting jump i get you he caught several people boykin climbed the ladder to warm people on the third floor to turn around and come toward him because they couldn t see through the smoke and he wasn t finished when boykin saw his burnt out neighbors he took 20 of them back to nunemaker s house they gave us clothes shoes whatever they had and we didn t one of the neighbors chase ray said they saved us 6 why did people jump from the building a they faced deadly threat b their houses were damaged c their doors were locked d they knew they would be safe 7 what did boykin do when he knew something was wrong a he got his family out b he came to the rescue c he caught a dropping baby d he started banging on doors 8 who saved the people on the third floor a nunemaker and chase ray b smith and nunemaker c chase ray and boykin d boykin and smith 9 what does the underlined part we didn t in the last paragraph mean a we didn t give clothes to others b we didn t live comfortably c we didn t have these things d we didn t accept these things 10 what can be a suitable title for the passage a a heroic actb help c an accidentd four men 答案 6 a 7 b 8 d 9 c 10 a 解析 本文是一篇记叙文 主要介绍了一栋大楼着火以后人们想方设法帮助被困在大楼里的人摆脱 危险的事情 6 题详解 推理判断题 根据第二段第三句 next a baby and then the baby s mother came flying out of the third storeyed window all driven by desperation and the smoke that was coming from the apartment 可知因为火灾时产生浓烟以及人们的绝望 人们 才从窗户里跳出来 主要原因是因为他们的生命受到了致命的威胁 故 a 项正确 8 7 题详解 细节理解题 根据第五段第一句 boykin ran to a nearby house to get a ladder and rushed back to help 可知 boykin 发现火灾以后 他立刻在附近的房子里找了梯子 然 后去救援那些被困在大火里的人 故 b 项正确 8 题详解 细节理解题 根据第二段最后两句 brian smith and corey boykin helped them all we caught everything that came out of the window smith said 和第五段最后一 句 boykin climbed the ladder to warm people on the third floor to turn around and come toward him because they couldn t see through the smoke 可知 boykin 和 smith 去救援了被困在三楼的人 故 d 项正确 9 题详解 词义猜测题 根据最后一句 they gave us clothes shoes whatever they had and we didn t one of the neighbors chase ray said they saved us 可知 boykin 和 smith 给受害者衣服鞋子等物资 这些东西正是受害者没有的 如果他们有这些物资 boykin 和 smith 没有必要再给了 所以该短语的完整形式为 we didn t have these things 故 c 项正确 10 题详解 主旨大意题 本文是一篇记叙文 第一段 they had to get many people out of the burning building as quickly as they could so they told them to jump out of the window 告诉我们因为大楼着火 人们想方设法帮助被困在大楼里的人脱困 在 2 5 段里 详细介绍了 boykin 和 smith 的永雄行为 故 a 项 a heroic act 符合中心思想 所以选 择 a 项 c c the mystery of dark matter if you look at the night sky you ll often see stars moving very quickly in fact they move much more quickly than they should according to their size and the laws of physics scientists do not completely understand why the speed of these stars is so high but many believe the reason is that much of the universe is made up of something called dark matter groups of stars called galaxies 9 such as the milky way might even consist of ninety per cent dark matter how much something weighs depends on where it is the same object weighs only half as much on mars as it does on earth and almost three times as much on jupiter so scientists prefer to talk about the mass of something rather than how much it weighs because mass does not change they can work out the mass of galaxies by measuring the distance between them and the speed they move recently dr jorge penarrubia and a team from edinburgh university discovered something interesting the mass of the milky way is only half as much as the mass of another nearby galaxy andromeda this seems strange but dark matter may explain why finding out more about dark matter could help us understand how the universe began but this is not easy lots of scientists with different types of expert knowledge are working on the problem the edinburgh team is working with many other universities like the university of british columbia we can t see dark matter it s very difficult to measure and we can t find out its mass unlike stars dark matter doesn t produce or reflect light but we can make a good guess that it is there because of the way things move and the way light bends experts now think dark mater may be very different from the mater which we find on earth there may also be five times as much dark matter in the universe as ordinary matter the swiss scientist fritz zwicky first gave dark matter its name in the nineteen thirties researchers have been looking for it ever since today technology such as the large hadron collider is collecting more and more information but this technology cannot tell us everything new ways of finding dark matter will be needed investigating dark matter may even mean we will need to start asking questions about the way we look at the universe including the ideas of albert einstein 11 in what way do scientists find out the mass of galaxies a depending on where they are b depending on how much they weigh 10 c according to the way they move and the laws of physics d by calculating how far between them and how fast they move 12 which of the following statements about dark matter is not true a it can t be seen b it doesn t reflect light c it is not unlike ordinary matter d it affects the movement of things 13 what may get researchers looking for dark matter a to change the way light bends b to prove the ideas of albert einstein c to collect more and more information d to help understand the origin of the universe 14 how is the article organized p paragraph a b c d 15 which heading best matches paragraph 5 a it s there but we can t see it b sharing ideas leads to success c we may need to change the way we think d what your eyes can see can t be fully explained 答案 11 d 12 c 13 d 14 d 15 c 11 解析 本文是一篇科普说明文 主要介绍了人们对宇宙中的黑暗物质的认知及研究 11 题详解 细节理解题 根据第二段第四句 they can work out the mass of galaxies by measuring the distance between them and the speed they move 可知科学家们根据 星星之间的距离和移动速度计算出银河系的质量 故 d 项正确 12 题详解 细节理解题 根据第四段最后一句 there may also be five times as much dark matter in the universe as ordinary matter 可知黑暗物质和普通的物质并不相同 故 c 项说 法是错误的 所以选择 c 项 13 题详解 推理判断题 根据第三段前两句 finding out more about dark matter could help us understand how the universe began but this is not easy lots of scientists with different types of expert knowledge are working on the problem 可知很多不同领 域的科学家研究黑暗物质是因为它可以帮助我们理解宇宙是如何开始的 也就是帮助我们理 解宇宙的起源 故 d 项正确 14 题详解 推理判断题 本文是一篇说明文 主要介绍了宇宙中的黑暗物质 第一段告诉我们宇宙中星 星的移动速度很快的现象 第二段介绍了质量和重量的差别 第二段最后一句是承上启下句 由此引出第三 四段最黑暗物质的介绍 最后一段介绍了科学家对于黑暗物质研究的过程 我们要用新的方法来研究黑暗物质 故 d 项中的篇章结构是正确的 15 题详解 段落大意题 根据本段三四句 today technology such as the large hadron collider is collecting more and more information but this technology cannot tell us everything new ways of finding dark matter will be needed 可知 the large hadron collider 等并不能告诉我们与黑暗物质相关的所有信息 我们需要新的研究方法 c 项与本段中心思想一致 故选择 c 项 第二节 共第二节 共 5 5 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 1 分 满分分 满分 5 5 分 分 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 12 five ways to make people like you be a good listener encourage others to talk about themselves the easiest way to become a good conversationalist 健谈的人 is to become a good listener to be a good listener we must actually care about what people have to say 16 instead they just want someone who will listen to them smile 17 smiles are free to give and have an amazing ability to make others feel wonderful smile in everything that you do remember a person s name to any person his her name is the sweetest and most important sound in any language 18 people love their names so much that they will often donate large amounts of money just to have a building named after them we can make people feel extremely valued and important by remembering their names 19 you can make more friends in two months by giving attention to them than by making them curious about you in two years the only way to make quality lasting friendships is to learn to be genuinely interested in them and their interests make the other person feel important and do it sincerely the golden rule is to treat other people how we would like to be treated 20 people will talk to us for hours if we allow them to talk about themselves if we can make people feel important in a sincere and appreciative way then we will win all the friends we could ever dream of a become genuinely interested in other people b share your interests with other people around you c we love to feel important and so does everyone else d many times people don t want an entertaining conversation partner e you should make other people feel confident whenever and wherever possible 13 f happiness does not depend on outside circumstances but rather on inward attitudes g the average people are more interested in their own names than in all the other names 答案 16 d 17 e 18 g 19 a 20 c 解析 分析 本文是一篇说明文 详细介绍了让别人喜欢上我们的五条建议 16 题详解 本段的主题是 be a good listener 建议我们做一个听众 横线后一句 instead they just want someone who will listen to them 告诉我们有时候我们只是需要一个听众而 已 d 项中的 don t want an entertaining conversation partner 与后句语意一致 故选择 d 项 17 题详解 本段的主题是 smile 建议我们在与他人相处的时候要面对微笑 在与人交往的时候 我 们要让别人感觉很舒服 而微笑会让别人感觉很棒 e 项内容与上下文语意一致 故选择 e 项 18 题详解 本段的主题是 remember a person s name 建议我们要记住他人的名字 本段第一句告 诉我们对于我们来说 名字是最重要的标志 人们对自己的名字是非常感兴趣的 所以要想 让别人喜欢我们 一定要迅速记住别人的名字 故 g 项正确 19 题详解 本段最后一句 the only way to make quality lasting friendships is to learn to be genuinely interested in them and their interests 告诉我们取得高品质持久的友 谊的唯一方法是真正关注别人和别人的兴趣 a 项与本段中心思想一致 故选择 a 项 20 题详解 本段的中心思想是 make the other person feel important and do it sincerely 建 议我们要让别人感觉自己很重要 本段第一句 the golden rule is to treat other 14 people how we would like to be treated 告诉我们都喜欢像别人对待我们的那样对待 他人 所以人人都喜欢自己被别人重视 c 项 we love to feel important and so does everyone else 意为 我们都喜欢感觉自己很重要 其他人也一样 与上下文语境一致 故 c 项正确 点睛 在完成七选五阅读时候 我们可以从表示转折关系的细节逻辑上判断 以本文小题 1 为例 本题的关键词是副词 instead 横线后一句 instead they just want someone who will listen to them 告诉我们有时候我们只是需要一个听众 并不需要谈话的对象 多么令人愉悦 所以选择 d 项 转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系 如果空格前后两句话之间是 逻辑上的逆转 则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子 表示转折关系的连接词有 however 然而 nevertheless 仍然 然而 不过 nonetheless 尽管如此 依然 然而 still 还 然而 though 可是 不过 然而 yet 然而 in spite of 不顾 不管 at any rate 无论如何 至少 in any case 无论如何 不管怎样 whoever 无论是谁 whatever 无 论什么 on the contrary 正相反 in contrast 与此相反 相比之下 by contrast 相反 相比之下 in comparison 比较起来 比较地 by comparison 相比之下 conversely 相反 地 otherwise 否则 除此以外 not but 不是 而是 as well 也等 第三部分英语知识运用 共两节 满分第三部分英语知识运用 共两节 满分 3030 分 分 第一节完形填空 共第一节完形填空 共 2020 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 1 分 满分分 满分 2020 分 分 阅读下面短文 从短文后各题所给的阅读下面短文 从短文后各题所给的 a a b b c c 和和 idid 四个选项中 选出可以填入空白处的最四个选项中 选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 佳选项 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 our house was directly across the street from the entrance of a hospital in baltimore we rented the rooms upstairs to the patients at the clinic one evening there was a 21 on the door i opened it to see a man who was hardly 22 than my eight year old son but the worse thing was his face looking 23 awful he told me he came for a treatment for his face that morning from the eastern shore and there was no bus till morning so he d been 24 a room since noon but with no success which he guessed was 25 his terrible face for a moment i hesitated but his next words convinced me i could 26 in this chair in the doorway my bus leaves early in the morning 15 i told him we would find him a 27 later from talking i knew the man fished for a living to 28 his five children and his 29 wife who hopelessly couldn t walk or sit from a back injury he didn t tell it by way of complaint instead he was 30 that he still had strength to keep going at 31 we put a camp cot 吊床 in my children s room for him next morning just 32 he left as if asking a great favor he said could i come back and 33 when seeing my doctor next time he added your children made me feel at home grown ups are bothered by the 34 of me but they don t 35 to 36 his next trip he arrived a little after seven in the morning he brought a big fish and the largest oysters i had ever seen i 37 what time he had to get up in order to do this for us knowing his bus left at 4 00 a m in the years he came to stay 38 with us there was never a time when he did not bring us vegetables from his garden i knew our family would always be grateful to have known him from him we 39 how to accept the bad without complaint and the good with 40 21 a soundb noisec knockd call 22 a healthierb tallerc betterd smarter 23 a trulyb usuallyc finallyd actually 24 a looking atb searching forc turning tod checking in 25 a tired ofb result fromc because ofd as for 26 a sinkb talkc sleepd wait 27 a chairb bedc busd seat 28 a helpb changec pleased support 29 a ableb unablec disabled disabled 30 a thankfulb concernedc painfuld worried 31 a noonb duskc suppertimed bedtime 32 a onceb untilc befored after 33 a liveb thankc chatd stay 16 34 a lookb actionc heightd behavior 35 a decideb seemc liked prefer 36 a forb ofc ind on 37 a wonderedb doubtedc questionedd asked 38 a weekendsb fortnightc overnightd midnight 39 a rememberedb learnedc educatedd taught 40 a appreciationb delightc excitementd peace 答案 21 c 22 b 23 a 24 b 25 c 26 c 27 b 28 d 29 d 30 a 31 d 32 c 33 d 34 a 35 b 36 d 37 a 38 c 39 b 40 a 解析 本文是一篇记叙文 作者把楼上的房间租给来看病的病人 并从其中一位病人的身上学会了 毫无怨言地接受生活中糟糕的事情 同时也学会了心怀感恩地接受美好的事情 21 题详解 考查名词词义辨析及搭配 句意 一个晚上 有了敲门声 a sound 声音 b noise 噪音 c knock 敲 敲击 敲门声 d call 电话 四项中只有 knock 与介词 on 连用 表示敲门 声 故 c 项正确 22 题详解 考查形容词词义辨析 句意 我打开门 看见一个还没有我八岁儿子高的男人 a healthier 更健康的 b taller 更高的 c better 更好的 d smarter 更聪明的 当 人们与陌生人第一次见面的时候 首先注意到的通常是对方的身高 故 b 项正确 23 题详解 考查副词词义辨析 句意 但是更糟糕的是他的脸 看起来真得很可怕 a truly 真实地 真正地 b usually 常见的 平常的 c finally 最后 d actually 实际上 根据下句 for a treatment for his face 可知他来到这里是为了治疗他的脸 说明他的脸真地很 可怕 故 a 项正确 24 题详解 考查动词短语辨析 句意 要到早晨才会有公交车 所以中午以来他一直在找住的房间 但 没有成功 他猜这是因为他可怕的脸 a looking at 看 b searching for 寻找 c turning to 转向 求助 d checking in 登记入住 因为没有回去的公交车 所以他在找 17 房子住 故 b 项正确 25 题详解 考查固定短语辨析 句意 要到早晨才会有公交车 所以中午以来他一直在找住的房间 但 没有成功 他猜这是因为他可怕的脸 a tired of 对 厌倦 b result from 因为 c because of 由于 d as for 关于 横线前面有系动词 was 排除 b 项 人们因为他的脸而 拒绝他 上下文是因果关系 故 c 项正确 26 题详解 考查动词词义辨析及上下文串联 句意 我可以睡在门口的椅子上 我的公交车很早就离开 了 a sink 沉没 b talk 交谈 c sleep 睡觉 d wait 等待 根据上文 there was no bus till morning so he d been 4 a room since noon but with no success 可知他一直在寻找晚上睡觉的房间 故 c 项正确 27 题详解 考查名词词义辨析 我告诉他我们会给他一张睡觉的床 a chair 椅子 b bed 床 c bus 公交车 d seat 位置 根据第二段中 we put a camp cot 吊床 in my children s room for him 可知我们让他睡在吊床上 故 b 项正确 28 题详解 考查动词词义辨析 句意 后来 从谈话中我知道他是靠捕鱼来养活五个孩子和残疾的妻子 a help 帮助 b change 改变 c please 取悦 d support 支持 养活 动词 support 表示养活家人 本句表示他靠捕鱼养家 符合语境 故 d 项正确 29 题详解 考查形容词词义辨析及上下文串联 句意 后来 从谈话中我知道他是靠捕鱼来养活五个孩 子和残疾的妻子 他的妻子由于背部受伤无法走动和坐立 a able 有能力的 b unable 无能力的 c disable 使 失去能力 动词 d disabled 残疾的 根据下句 who hopelessly couldn t walk or sit from a back injury 可知他的妻子由于背部受伤无法 走动和坐立而残疾了 故 d 项正确 30 题详解 考查形容词词义辨析及上下文串联 句意 他并没有以抱怨的方式告诉我们 相反 他很感 恩还有继续前进的能力 a thankful 感恩的 b concerned 担心的 c painful 痛苦的 d worried 担忧的 根据关键词 instead 可知所填词与 complaint 表示相反的含义 说明他 并没有抱怨生活 而是感恩生活 故 a 项正确 18 31 题详解 考查名词词义辨析及上下文串联 句意 到了睡觉时间 我们在儿童房里给他装了一个吊床 a noon 中午 b dusk 黄昏 c suppertime 晚饭时间 d bedtime 睡觉时间 根据后 半句 we put a camp cot 吊床 in my children s room for him 可知到了睡觉的时候 我们给他安排床位 故 d 项正确 32 题详解 考查连词辨析 句意 就在他离开之前 就像是请人帮忙一样 他问下一次来看医生的时候 还能回来住这里吗 a once 一旦 b until 直到 c before 在 之前 d after 在 之 后 在他离开之前 他问我们下次能否再住这里 故 c 项正确 33 题详解 考查动词词义辨析 句意 就在他离开之前 就像是请人帮忙一样 他问下一次来看医生的 时候还能回来住这里吗 a live 生活 b thank 感谢 c chat 聊天 d stay 逗留 待 在 本句使用 stay 表示短时间停留 而 live 表示长时间生活在某个地方 他只是在看病的 时候 在这里住一晚 故 d 项正确 34 题详解 考查名词词义辨析 句意 成年人通常会被我的外貌所困扰 而你们的孩子似乎没有 a look 外貌 b action 行动 c height 高度 d behavior 行为 根据上文可知他的脸很 难看 会让别人很害怕 故 a 项正确 35 题详解 考查动词词义辨析 句意 成年人通常会被我的外貌所困扰 而你们的孩子似乎没有 a decide 决定 b seem 似乎 c like 喜欢 d prefer 宁愿 我的孩子似乎并没有被他的 外面所困扰 这是他决定下次再来住宿的原因 故 b 项正确 36 题详解 考查介词辨析 句意 在他下一次来的那天 早晨七点多一点他就来了 a for 为了 因为 b of 的 c in 在 里 d on 在 某一天 在 上 本句使用介词 on 表示在他下一次 来看病的那一天 故 d 项正确 37 题详解 考查动词词义辨析 句意 我想知道为了做这些 他几点就要起来 后来知道他的公交车凌 晨 4 点就出发了 a wondered 想知道 b doubted 怀疑 c questioned 询问 d asked 问 根据后半句 knowing his bus left at 4 00 a m 可知原来我想知道他几点就要起 19 来 故 a 项正确 38 题详解 考查词义辨析 句意 他来和我们一起过夜的那几年里 没有一次他来的时候不给我们带他 自家菜园里的蔬菜 a weekends 周末 b fortnight 两周 c overnight 在夜里 过夜 d midnight 午夜 根据第一段可知他只是在我们家里过一夜 第二天凌晨就离开了 故 c 项正确 39 题详解 考查动词词义辨析 句意 从他身上 我们学会了毫无怨言地接受生活中那些糟糕的事情 也学会了充满感激地接受生活中那些美好的事情 a remembered 记得 b learned 学会 c educated 教育 d taught 教 本句表示我们从他身上学会了很多生活哲理 故 b 项正 确 40 题详解 考查名词词义辨析 句意 从他身上 我们学会了毫无怨言地接受生活中那些糟糕的事情 也学会了充满感激地接受生活中那些美好的事情 a appreciation 感激 感恩 b delight 高兴 c excitement 兴奋 d peace 和平 安宁 所题词要和 without complain 形成呼应 告诉我们要对生活充满感恩 故 a 项正确 第二节语法填空 共第二节语法填空 共 1010 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 1 分 满分分 满分 1010 分 分 阅读下面材料 在空白处填入适当的内容 1 个单词 或括号内单词的正确形式 the world famous credit card company mastercard is 41 remove its name from its company logo it will follow the 42 like of apple and nike to have a logo 43 has a symbol only and no writing mastercard had 44 traditional used a logo that had overlapping yellow and red circles with the word mastercard 45 write over t