2012届高考英语 专题八 情态动词和虚拟语气语法精品学案

1 20122012 届高考英语届高考英语 专题八专题八 情态动词和虚拟语气语法精品学案 情态动词和虚拟语气语法精品学案 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感 态度等 是中学英语语法的重点 也是高考的热点 是单项填空必考的一个知识点 情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点 情态动词表示推测 和可能性的用法 情态动词与虚拟语气 情态动词表达 情感 态度 语气等 情态动词 表示 必要性 等方面的用法 虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句 条件句中的用法 以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用 一 一 情态动词表推测的用法情态动词表推测的用法 情态动词 意 义 语气 句式 语 境 例句 备注 must 一 定 可能性 最大 肯定句 may might might 可能性小于 may 可 能 可能性 较小 尤其 might 最不肯 定 肯定句 否定句 可能不 can could could 可能性小 于 can 可 能 疑问句 否定句 不可能 coul d 有时 也用于 对 具 体 事 实 的 判 断 A Look someone is coming Who can it be B It may be our headmaster A It can t be him He has gone to Shanghai B It must be Mr 对现在的行为或状态的推 测 must may might can could do 对过去的行为或状 态的推测 must may might can could have done 2 肯定句 有 时 会 肯定句 Wang He looks like our headmaster That may not be true He couldn t have discovered the truth 情态动词 意义 语气 句式 语境 例句 备注 should ought to 应该 理应 理论上 It s 8 o clock now He should be in the office now Hi Mum I m on the bus I should be home in about ten minutes 常表示在一段时间 内可能发生的事或 某人的期望 一般 句末有时间状语 或有语境暗示 所 表示的猜测发生的 可能性很大 注意 注意 shouldshould ought ought to to 表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点 如 表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点 如 When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon They be ready by 12 00 A can B should C might D need 解析 B A 项表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句中 C 项表示推测语气不太肯定 should 意为 按理说 理应 既回答了顾客的询问 不失礼貌 又为照片有可能尚未洗好 3 顾客到时取不到留下了回旋的余地 体现了店主的精明与用词经过仔细推敲 二 情态动词的其他用法二 情态动词的其他用法 1 can could may might 情态动词意义 例句 备注 can could能力 I can see some birds flying in the sky Could the girl read before she went to school could 表示泛指过去的某一能力 表示过去有能力并且成功地做了某 事 通常用 was were able to do 相当于 managed to do succeeded in doing 如 Because he practised hard he was able to pass the driving test 情态动词意义 例句 备注 允许 有 时可与 may 互换 Can May I have a look at your photos can could 请求 Can Could you lend me a hand Yes I can can 与 could may 与 might 不表时态 差异 只是语气上的差别 could might 比 can may 更委婉 注 意在回答时不能用 could might 4 情态动词意义 例句 备注 may might 允许或请 求 You may take this if you like May Might I ask for a photo of your baby can 与 could may 与 might 不表时态 差异 只是语气上的差别 could might 比 can may 更委婉 注 意在回答时不能用 could might 2 must should 情态动 词 意义 例句 备注 必须 We must help each other to overcome the difficulties Must I finish the work today No you needn t you don t have to Yes you must You mustn t take photos here and it is forbidden must 表示主观意志 have to 表示客观 如 They had to speed up for the weather turned terrible Must I we 的否定 回答不能用 mustn t must 偏要 硬要 非要 Why must you always interrupt me Can I borrow your car Mum If you must 表示与说话人愿望相反 及不耐烦 情态动 意义 例句 备注 5 词 应该 常 与 oughtto 通用 You should be polite to the old ought to 的否定式 ought not to oughtn t to 疑问式 Ought to 竟然 It is strange that he should react in this way 表示惊讶 意外等语气 should 万一 Should anyone phone tell them I will call back later If anyone should phone If I should go there tomorrow I would go to see her 用于 if 从句中强调 万一 或用于虚拟语气 3 need dare 情态动 词 例句 注意事项 need I needn t go at once Need you go at once Yes I must No I needn t need 可以作实义动词 用于各种句式 如 I need to go at once I don t need to go at once Do you need to go at once Yes I do need 作情态动词常 用于否定 疑问或条件句中 dare He daren t cross the river How dare you say that to me dare 和 need 一样 既可以作情态动词 也 可用作实义动词 用作情态动词时 主要 用于否定句 疑问句和条件句 用作实义 动词时 可用于各种句式 如 He didn t dare to go out alone at night 在 否定句中 to 有时可省略 6 4 shall will would 情态动 词 意义 例句 备注 表示征询意见 Shall I help you 用于第一 第三人称疑 问句中 shall 表示说话人的意 愿 有 命令 允诺 警告 决 心 等意思 You shall do as I say 命令 You shall have the book tomorrow 允诺 If you don t get out I shall knock you down 警告 用于第二 第三人称 4 shall will would 情态动词意义 例句 备注 表示 意愿 I will do everything for you None is so blind as those who won t see 表请 求 Will Would you please close the window 用于疑问句中 would 更委 婉 will would 表示 某种 倾向 或习 惯性 动作 Fish will die without water Every time she was in trouble she would turn to him for help would 指过 去某一段时间的情况 常与表示 过去的时间状语连用 意为 总 是 总会 后面只能接动作性 used to 表示与现在的情况 相反 表示 过去如此而现 在不再这样 其后既可接 表动作的动词 也可接表状 态的动词 如 There used to be an apple tree in front of the house 7 的动词 4 shall will would 情态动词意义 例句 备注 表示功能 能 行 If you don t have a pen a pencil will do We tried the door again but it wouldn t open 与否定词连用常表示 拒绝 will would 表示推测 可能 大 概 This will be the house you are looking for I would be about ten when my father left home 二 二 情态动词 情态动词 havehave donedone 情态动词意义 例句 备注 must have done may mi ght have done can co uld have 一定 肯定句 可能 肯定句和 否定句 可能 疑问句和否定 句 You can t couldn t have met my grandmother She died before you were born 对过去的事情的推测 8 done might have done couldhave done would have done 本来可能做 而未做 本可以 做 而未做 本来会做 而 未做 He might have given you more help even though he was very busy We could have walked there and it was so near 与过去事实相反的虚拟 表达 情态动词意义 例句 备注 should ought to have done 本应该做 而 未做 Your brother has failed English exam again You ought to have given him more help 表示责备 needn t have done 本不需要做 但却做了 You needn t have wakened me up I don t have to go to work today 四 虚拟语气四 虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实 而是一种假设 愿望 怀疑或推测 1 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 if 从句主句 9 与现在事实相反if 主语 动词过去式 主语 should would could mig ht 动词原形 与过去事实相反 If 主语 had 过去 分词 主语 should would could mig ht have 过去分词 1 if 主语 动词过 去式 2 if 主语 were to 动词原形 与将来事实相反 3 if 主语 should 动词原形 主语 should would could might 动词原形 If it were to rain tomorrow I should not drive my car 如果明天下雨的话 我就不 开车了 明天的情况还不知道 If I had done it in time I should have had a good time 如果我及时做的话 日子就好过多了 可惜当时没能及时做 注意 1 主句中的 should 通常用于第一人称 would 可用于任何人称 2 条件句中如果动词是 be 其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用 were 在第一 三人称单 数的口语中 可用 was 代替 were 但在 if I were you 中 不能说成 if I was you 3 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时 主从句中动词的形式要 根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整 这就是所谓的 错综条件虚拟语气 如 If they had studied hard they could do it easily now 如果他们以前努力学习的话 现在干得就会容易些了 If he had not taken my advice he wouldn t do it much better like this 如果他不听我的建议 他就不会干得这么好了 4 在条件句中 如果有 were had should 等 则可省略 if 但应注意把 were had should 等提到从句主语之前 10 如 If he were to come I would join him in the discussion Were he to come I would join him in the discussion 如果他来 我将和他一道参加讨论 5 有些虚拟条件句没有从句 虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的 如 But for air and water there would be no life on the earth 要是没有空气和水 地球上就没有生命 介词短语 but for 提供了虚拟条件 With your help we might finish the plan earlier 要是有你的帮助 我们就可以 早些完成任务 介词短语 with your help 充当虚拟条件句 2 虚拟语气在 wish 从句中的用法 专题八 正面解读 宾语从句愿望 主语 动词过去式现在不能实现的愿望 主语 had 过去分词过去不能实现的愿望 I wish 主语 would might 动词原形将来不能实现的愿望 I wish I were a doctor 我希望我是个医生就好了 现在 I wish that the rain would stop 我希望雨能停下来 将来 I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it 我希望他不要把事情搞大了 过去 3 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用 1 在 insist command order demand request require desire advise propose suggest recommend 等表示 命令 要求 建议 的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气 如 He suggests that she should leave the house at once 他要她立刻离开这所房子 He proposed that we should deal with the problem by the view of development 他建议我们应该用发展的眼光处理这个问题 2 与上述动词相对应的名词 suggestion order demand proposal 等后的表语从句 11 同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气 should 可省略 如 My proposal is that we should set a deadline for handing in the plan 我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限 3 在 It be suggested ordered demanded proposed that 结构中 主语从句 中也要使用虚拟语气 如 It s required that every student be on time for school 要求每个学生准时到校 4 在 do you suggest recommend 用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时 句子的动词也使用虚拟 语气 即 should 动词原形 的形式 其中 should 可以省略 如 What type of computer do you recommend suggest we should buy 你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢 5 在 It s necessary essential important strange natural 等形容词 that 从 句或 It s a pity a shame 等名词 that 从句中 谓语动词可以使用 should do 如 It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately 这 位重伤员必须马上治疗 It s a pity that you should be so careless 你竟然如此粗心 真是可惜 4 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 在 as if though 引导的状语从句中 谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况 用过 去完成式 表示与过去相反的情况等 其变化与 wish 后的宾语从句的变化相同 如 I ve loved you as if you were my relative 我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人 5 虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法 1 It s high time that 从句中 谓语动词可以使用过去式 也可使用 should 动词原形 表示 早该 了 其中 should 不可省略 如 It s high time we got up should get up 我们早该起床了 2 would rather 从句中 谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反 用过去完成 式 表示与过去的情况相反 如 I would rather you came tomorrow 我宁愿你明天来 3 if only 要是 多好啊 如 12 If only you hadn t offended him 你当时不惹他就好了 If only he could come tomorrow 他明天能来就好了 4 其他一些表示祝愿的句型 如 May you succeed 祝你成功 Long live the People s Republic of China 中华人民共和国万岁 1 误 The streets are all dry it mustn t have rained last night 正 The streets are all dry it can t have rained last night 解析 对某一事实的否定推测不能用 must 而要用 can t 或 couldn t 表示 不可 能 2 误 I didn t see Mary at the meeting yesterday She might be ill I guess 正 I didn t see Mary at the meeting yesterday She might have been ill I guess 解析 猜的事情发生在昨天 因此要用情态动词 have done 形式 当动词是 be 时 很容易忽略它的时态意义 要特别留意 3 误 He must be very friendly at times 正 He can be very friendly at times 解析 句意为 他有时会很友好 可知此处并非对现在的状态进行推测 而是一种 理论上的可能性 因此用 can 4 误 I can t find my keys I may might forget them on the playground yesterday 正 I can t find my keys I may might have left them on the playground yesterday 解析 表示对过去情况的推测 通常用 must may might have done sth 另外 表 13 示 把 忘记在某地 应用动词 leave 5 误 The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone could get out 正 The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone was able to get out 解析 表示在过去成功地做到了某事 肯定句中通常用 was were able to do sth 6 误 Will I open the window for you 正 Shall I open the window for you 解析 shall 与第一 第三人称连用 表示征求意见或请求指示 这时不可用 will will 通常与第二人称连用 即 Will you 7 误 The plant is dead Maybe I should give more water 正 The plant is dead Maybe I should have given more water 解析 根据第一句可知 植物已经死亡 所以应该是自责 本应该多浇些水的 要 用 should have done 形式表示 本应该做 而未做 8 误 Hadn t they saved us we would have been drowned in the stormy river 正 Had they not saved us we would have been drowned in the stormy river 正 If they had not saved us we would have been drowned in the stormy river 解析 当条件中含有 were had should 等时 可省略 if 从而把 were had should 提到主语之前 若条件句为否定句 则只把 were had should 提前 not 仍放在主 语之后 9 误 If only I saw the film yesterday 正 If only I had seen the film yesterday 14 解析 if only 后句子若表示过去的一种愿望 其谓语动词应用过去完成式 即 if only sb had done sth 1 Everyone in my class passed the exam Oh really It difficult A can t have been B needn t have been C must be D mightn t be 解析 A 考查情态动词 对过去进行推测 表示 一定不 应使用 can t have done 句意为 我们班上每个人都通过了考试 哦 真的吗 那题目一定不难 2 2009 安徽卷 Some people who don t like to talk much are not necessarily shy they just be quiet people A must B may C should D would 解析 B 句意为 有些人不喜欢讲话不一定是害羞 他们可能是安静的人 此处用 may 表示 可能 之意 3 Why didn t you answer the phone last night I when you called A had to have slept B had to be sleeping C must have been sleeping D must have slept 解析 C 由时间状语和结合语境来看 这是对过去某个时间点正在发生事情的肯定 推测 再结合题意 应该是 must have been doing 结构 选 C 4 When I lived with my roommates in the university we often talk into the night A might B must C should D would 解析 D 这里描述的是过去经常发生的动作 或过去经常做的事情 15 5 This is the first time I my first picture with my own hands It is time that you a picture for me A took took B have taken took C took will take D will take have taken 解析 B This It is the first time that 中 从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成 式 It s high time that 中 从句谓语动词通常用一般过去式 即虚拟语气 意为 该是做 的时候了 6 Why hasn t Jack come back yet anything have happened to him I m not sure but I guess something A May must have B Can may have C Must may D Dare might have 解析 B 考查情态动词 在一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中表推测时常用 can 或 could 推测发生过的事情时情态动词后要接完成式 只能选 B 7 It is usually warm in my hometown in March but it be rather cold sometimes A must B can C should D would 解析 B can 用在肯定句中可以指 有时会 可能会 表示客观情况或逻辑上的可 能性 句意为 三月份在我们家乡通常比较暖和 但有时也会非常冷 8 Liza well not want to go on the trip she hates traveling A will B can C must D may 解析 D may well not do sth 意为 很可能 不 干某事 完全 没 有可能干某 事 9 Look at the floor Tom you watch TV while having a meal 16 A Should B Could C Would D Must 解析 D must 表示与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦 非得 偏要 如 Must you make so much noise 你就非得弄出这么大声吗 10 The soccer team has been doing well this season so they win the championship A should B might C would D must 解析 A 本题考查情态动词 句意为 这个足球队在这个季度训练得很好 因此 他们应该会赢得冠军 根据常理进行推测表示 应该 时用 should 11 When the ship sailed out from Thailand the 16 sailors on board that only half of them would return again A will never think B can never think C needn t have thought D couldn t have thought 解析 D 考查 情态动词 完成式 的用法 根据句意 当这艘轮船从泰国驶出的 时候 船上的 16 名船员不会想到他们当中只有一半的人会返回 可知 这里表示对过去事 情的否定推测 选 D 12 What does the sign over there read No person smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area A will B shall C may D must 解析 B 考查情态动词的特殊用法 答句句意为 任何人在这里都不能吸烟或者是 携带点燃的香烟 shall 在这里表示强制 用于法令 条约 规章中 意为 必须 应该 专题八 实战演练 13 It s hard to believe that such a greedy man donate so much to Project Hope 17 A may B need C can D shall 解析 C 考查情态动词的特殊用法 句意为 这么贪婪的人竟能为希望工程捐出这 么多钱 真是难以置信 can 在这里表示惊讶 不相信 意为 居然会 竟能 14 For environmental reasons we as well take these waste products and have them recycled A should B would C might D could 解析 C 考查情态动词 所填词与 as well 构成固定搭配 意思是不妨 用 might 选 C 15 We here at lunch time we were delayed at the airport though A could be B should be C must have been D would have been 解析 D would have done sth 表示与已经发生的事实相反 意思是 本来会 但实际没有 句意为 我们本来能在午餐时到达 但我们在机场被延误了 16 Jenny took the 8 00 bus to Guangzhou this morning Really He the 9 00 train It s much more comfortable and safer to travel by train A could have taken B should take C must have taken D can take 解析 A 考查情态动词的用法 上句表示珍妮已乘坐 8 点的汽车去了广州 答句句 意为 她本可以坐 9 点的火车去的 坐火车舒服得多 安全得多 情态动词 could 完成式 表示 本来可以 而实际上并没有那么做 17 2010 四川卷 I take the book out I m afraid not A Will B May C Must D Need 解析 B 考查情态动词词义辨析 may 用于一般疑问句 表示请求 18 18 2010 安徽卷 Jack described his father who a brave boy many years ago as a strong willed man A would be B would have been C must be D must have been 解析 D 考查情态动词 句意为 杰克把他父亲描写成一个有坚强意志的人 他很 多年前就一定是一个勇敢的男孩 根据 many years ago 可知 是对过去事情的推测 would have been 多用于条件句的虚拟语气中 19 2010 浙江卷 Had I known about this computer program a huge amount of time and energy A would have been saved B had been saved C will be saved D was saved 解析 A 本题考查虚拟语气 根据 Had I known 提示 可知此句是虚拟语气 且与 过去事实相反 故主句谓语用 would have done 的形式 此外本句还是被动 选 A 20 2010 湖南卷 You buy a gift but you can if you want to A must B mustn t C have to D don t have to 解析 D 考查情态动词 don t have to 意为 没有必要 符合语境 句意为 你 没有必要买礼物 但如果你想买的话 你也可以买 21 2010 陕西卷 May I take this book out of the reading room No you You read it in here A mightn t B won t C needn t D mustn t 解析 D 本题考查情态动词的用法 表示 禁止 千万别做某事 时 要用 mustn t 22 2010 江西卷 I have told you the truth I keep repeating it 19 A Must B Can C May D Will 解析 A 考查情态动词的用法 句意为 我已经告诉你真相了 要我一再重复吗 must 在此用于加强语气 意为 必须 吗 非得 吗 23 2010 江苏卷 I haven t got the reference book yet but I ll have a test on the subject next month Don t worry You have it by Friday A could B shall C must D may 解析 B 本题考查情态动词 当主语为第二 三人称时 情态动词 shall 表示说话人给 对方命令 警告 允诺或威胁 本句表示允诺 24 2010 江苏卷 George is going to talk about the geography of his country but I d rather he more on its culture A focus B focused C would focus D had focused 解析 B 本题考查虚拟语气 would rather 从句表示对现在或将来虚拟时应使用 一般过去时 25 2010 全国卷 Just be patient You expect the world to change so soon A can t B needn t C may not D will not 解析 A 考查情态动词的用法 can t 表示 不能 语气强烈 26 2010 福建卷 Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety A not allow B do not allow C mustn t allow 20 D couldn t allow 解析 A 考查虚拟语气 句意为 教师们建议 为了孩子们的安全 父母不应让 12 岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校 recommend 意为 建议 其后接的宾语从句采用虚拟语气 从句谓语动词用 should 动词原形 的形式 should 可以省略 27 2010 天津卷 Mark have hurried After driving at top speed he arrived half an hour early A needn t B wouldn t C mustn t D couldn t 解析 A needn t have done 本没有必要做某事 实际上做了 28 2010 重庆卷 You park here It s an emergency exit A wouldn t B needn t C couldn t D mustn t 解析 D 考查情态动词词义辨析 由句意 这里是紧急出口 可知此处不允许停 车 所以用 mustn t 表示 禁止 不许 29 2010 北京卷 Good morning I ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department Ah good morning You be Mrs Peters A might B must C would D can 解析 B 本题考查情态动词 根据句子意思 你肯定是 Mrs Peters 可知用 must 来表示肯定推测 30 2010 山东卷 I have watched that movie it ll give me horrible dreams A shouldn t B needn t C couldn t D mustn t 解析 A shouldn t have done 意为 本不应该做但实际已经做了 表达后悔的情绪 21 1 2011 潍坊第一次模拟 Why didn t Alex attend the party yesterday evening He not have wanted to see me A should B might C could D would 解析 考查情态动词 语意 他可能不想来见我 might have done 表示对过去一种 不太肯定的推测 答案 B 2 2011 青岛市模拟 May I tell this to my close friend No you Never let anybody else know about it A needn t B shouldn t C mustn t D can t 解析 由 决不可以让其他任何人知道 可知选 C mustn t 表示 不允许 不可以 语气强烈 答案 C 3 2011 杭州市教学检测 Mum I am feeling tired and sleepy now You so late last night A couldn t have stayed up B mustn t have stayed up C shouldn t have stayed up D needn t have stayed up 解析 考查情态动词 shouldn t have stayed up 本来不该熬夜 couldn t have stayed up 不可能熬夜 needn t have stayed up 本没有必要熬夜 根据语意可知本句是 母亲责备孩子昨晚熬夜了 故选 C 项 答案 C 4 2011 南通一模 Shopping online can save much time as you go to a shop or walk around crowded shopping centers A don t have to B oughtn t to C won t D mustn t 解析 本题考查情态动词 句意为 由于不必去商店或者拥挤的购物中心 网上购物 能够节省大量时间 根据句意 应选 A 答案 A 22 5 2011 青岛市联合模拟 Everyone in my class passed the exam Oh really It difficult A can t have been B needn t have been C must be D mightn t be 解析 考查情态动词 对过去进行推测 表示 一定不 应使用 can t have done 语意 我们班上每个人都通过了考试 哦 真的吗 那题目一定不难 答案 A 6 2011 济宁市第一次联考 Did you punish him for losing your digital camera Yes but I don t think I A should do that B need to have done so C ought have done that D should have done so 解析 考查情态动词的用法 句意为 他把你的数码相机弄丢了 你处罚他了吗 是的 但我现在认为当时我不应该这样做 shouldn t have done sth 意为 过去 不应该做某事 但实际上已做了 此处否定发生了转移 答案 D 7 2011 合肥第二次教学检测 It be really cold in Novermber in Hefei though we usually have warm and sunny days A should B will C must D can 解析 考查情态动词 can 可表示常有的行为和情况 意为 有时会 时而可能 句 意为 尽管合肥十一月的时候常常很暖和 但有时候可能会很冷 根据语意选 D 项 答案 D 8 2011 陕西西安分科质检 The well dressed lady was caught stealing in the fashion shop Strangely enough she have done such a thing A would B must C should D might 解析 根据题干中的 Strangely enough 可知 这里应该用 should 表示惊讶 可译 为 竟然 答案 C 9 2011 浙江嘉兴摸底 Mary s score on the test is the highest in her class Really She have studied very hard A may B ought to 23 C must D should 解析 may have done 可能已经 ought to have done 本应该 must have done 一定曾 一定已经 should have done 本应该 句意为 玛丽的考 试成绩是全班最高的 真的吗 她一定很努力了 答案 C 10 2010 安徽皖南八校第二次联考 When shall we meet your cousin at the station His plane took off 2 hours ago and it reach at 5 pm A should B could C must D can 解析 should 的意思是 应该会 可能 在这里表示对将来的推测 预期会 答案 A 11 2011 黑龙江哈尔滨质检 Don t play with the dog Jack for it be dangerous at times A shall B should C can D must 解析