宾语从句用法

宾语从句用法 教学内容 宾语从句 一 宾语从句的连接词 1 连词 that 只起连接作用 在从句中不作句子成分 也无词汇意义 在口语中常被省略 e g He knew that he should work hard 2 连词 if whether 它们起连接作用 在从句中不作句子成分 作 是否 解 在口语中多用 if e g Tom don t know if whether his grandpa liked the present He asked me whether or not I was coming 一般情况下 if 和 whether 可以互换 但以下 3 种情况只能用 whether 在不定式前 Whether to go there or not hasn t been decided 在介词后 It depends on 依靠 whether it is going to rain 与 or not 连用 They are talking about whether to go there or not 3 连接代词 who whom whose what which 连接副词 when where why how 它们起连 接作用 作句子成分 各有自己的意义 e g The teacher asked the new students which class he was in I wonder where he got so much money 注意 1 由连接代 副词引导的宾语从句可以和 疑问词 不定式 结构转化 e g I don t know how I should do with the presents I don t know how to do with the presents 2 要注意区分判断由 if when 引导的从句类型 二 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述语序 即 连接词 主语 谓语 其它成分 特别强调 它的主语和谓语 的语序是陈述语序 而不是疑问句的倒装结构 Can you tell me who m do we have to see Can you tell me who m we have to see The teacher asked the students what they were doing 思考 what 在从句中的成分 陈述句变为宾语从句时 要注意人称和时态的变化 语序不变 eg She said I will leave a message on the desk She said she would leave a message on the desk 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时 也要注意人称和时态的变化 后面接陈述语序 Eg Where are the tickets I asked him I asked him where the tickets are 三 宾语从句的时态呼应 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态 常常受到主句谓语时态的制约 此为时态呼应 如果主句谓语是 一般现在时或将来时 从句谓语的时态不受限制 如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时 从句一 般要随着改为相应的过去时态 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 e g I thought that you are free today I thought that you would be free today 注意 当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时 不管主句谓语的时态如何 从句都用一般现在时 e g The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun 中考链接 2013 常州 9 How soon will you start your journey I m not sure I haven t decided A when shall I ask the boss for leave B where I will go to spend the holiday C whether I would go by train or by plane D who could invite me to go 2014 常州 9 Hi Jim I hear that you ve just come back from Sanya I m calling to ask A how did you visit the city B how many days you ve spend there C which hotel you stayed in Sanya D how you found the seafood there 2011 常州 10 In the UK a woman usually doesn t like to be asked A whether she had been married B what is her age C how much she weighs D where she comes from 2013 扬州 Could you tell me More than a year A how soon will Yangzhou Taizhou Airport be built B how long has Yangzhou Taizhou Airport been in service C how soon Yangzhou Taizhou Airport will be built D how long Yangzhou Taizhou Airport has been in service 2014 扬州 11 Could you tell me In August 2014 A where will the Youth Olympic Games take place B when will the Youth Olympic Games take place C where the Youth Olympic Games will take place D when the Youth Olympic Games will take place 四 宾语从句和状语从句的区分 e g 1 I will go out tomorrow if it is fine 2 I don t know if the train has arrived 句 1 中 if 引导的是状语从句 这个从句表示 条件 修饰主句 整个句子的意思是如果 明天天气好 我就出去 句 2 中 if 引导的是宾语从句 充当谓语动词 don t know 的宾语 整 个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达 判断方法 1 可以从整个句式看 状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面 个别除外 宾语从 句只能放在主句谓语动词之后 2 从引导词看 if 充当宾语从句的连接词时 相当于 whether 词义为 是否 充当状语 从句的连接词时 词义为 如果 when 充当宾语从句的连接词时 意为 什么时候 充当状语 从句的连接词时 意为 当 的时候 3 从时态看 if 和 when 作连接词时 引导宾语从句要注意 从句的谓语动词的时态应 根据主句的时态作相应的变化 if 和 when 充当从属连词时 引导条件和时间状语从句 若主 句的谓语动词用一般将来时 则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来 课堂练习 1 When H7N9 bird flu first appeared people didn t know doctors could cure it A if B that C what D why 2 I wonder Shandong Province A when will Peng Liyuan come B where Peng Liyuan is from C where Peng Liyuan came from D how Peng Liyuan will come 3 I don t understand that everything s fine when it s not A how can he say B can he say how C he can say how D how he can say 4 Do you know this afternoon I m not sure but I ll tell you as soon as she A how will Betty arrive starts B how Betty will arrive will start C what time will Betty arrive will start D what time Betty will arrive starts 5 Please tell me to improve my English A what I can do B what can I do C how I can do D how can I do 6 Could you tell me By searching the Internet A how did Mona get the information B why Mona got the information C how Mona got the information D why did Mona get the information 7 Philip has gone to New Zealand Oh can you tell me A when did he leave B when he is leaving C when he left D when is he leaving 8 Bob please tell me In South Hill School A where will the match be held B where the match will be held C when will the match be held D when the match will be held 9 Would you please tell me Yes There s a bank over there A when can I exchange money B where can I exchange money C when I can exchange money D where I can exchange money 10 I don t remember the book yesterday A where I put B where did I put C where will I put D where I will put 11 Would you please tell me Bus No 22 will take you there A who will we go with to Meilanfang Theatre B what can we see in Qinghu Wetland Park C when we will leave for the Wetland Park D how we can get to the Old Street 12 I wonder A what can I do on vacation B where I can go on vacation C who can I go on vacation with 13 Could you please tell me Yes There is one on Centre Street A where can I buy some stamps B when you will take your vacation C when was the telephone invented D if there are any good restaurants around here 14 I wonder when be held If it we ll have it next Monday A the sports meeting will doesn t rain B will the sports meeting doesn t rain C the sports meeting will will not rain 15 Hey Mike guess for my coming vacation To Hainan Island You always like somewhere interesting A what I will take B where I m going C when I will leave D who I m going with 16 Could you tell me At the end of July A how often he heard from his pen pal B how soon he will be here C that he we