定语从句练习(2)

让更多的孩子得到更好的教育 地址 北京市西城区新德街 20 号 4 层 电话 010 82025511 传真 010 82079687 第 1 页 共 10 页 初中英语定语从句初中英语定语从句 定语从句在句中做定语 修饰一个名词或代词 被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词 定 语从句通常出现在先行词之后 由关系词 关系代词或关系副词 引出 关系代词有 who whom whose that which 等 关系副词有 when where why 等 一 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词 并在句中充当主语 宾语 定语等 成分 关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 1 who whom that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词 在从句中作主语和宾语 例如 Is he the man who that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗 who that 在从句中作主语 He is the man whom that I saw yesterday 他就是我昨天见的那个人 whom that 在从句中作宾语 2 whose 用来指人或物 只用作定语 若指物 它还可以同 of which 互换 例如 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down 那人车坏了 大家都跑过去帮忙 Please pass me the book whose of which cover is green 请递给我那本绿皮的书 3 which that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词 在从句中可作主语 宾语等 例 如 A prosperity which that had never been seen before appears in the countryside 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣 which that 在句中作宾语 The package which that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped 你拿的包快散了 which that 在句中作宾语 二 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间 地点或理由的名词 在从句中作状语 1 关系副词 when where why 的含义相当于 介词 which 结构 因此常常和 介词 which 结构 交替使用 例如 There are occasions when on which one must yield 任何人都有不得不屈服的时 候 Beijing is the place where in which I was born 北京是我的出生地 Is this the reason why for which he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 2 that 代替关系副词 可以用于表示时间 地点 方式 理由的名词后取代 when where why 和 介 which 引导的定语从句 在口语中 that 常被省略 例如 His father died the year that when in which he was born 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了 He is unlikely to find the place that where in which he lived forty years ago 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育 地址 北京市西城区新德街 20 号 4 层 电话 010 82025511 传真 010 82079687 第 2 页 共 10 页 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方 三 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一 用关系代词 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 及物动词后面无 宾语 就必须要求用 关系代词 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词 例如 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year 这是我去年呆过的山村 I ll never forget the days when I worked together with you 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子 判断改错 错 This is the mountain village where I visited last year 错 I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside 对 This is the mountain village which I visited last year 对 I ll never forget the days which I spent in the countryside 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where when 联系在一起 此两题错在关 系词的误用上 方法二 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 主 谓 宾 定 状 也能正确选 择出关系代词 关系副 词 例 1 Is this museum you visited a few days ago A where B that C on which D the one 例 2 Is this the museum the exhibition was held A where B that C on which D the one 答案 例 1 D 例 2 A 例 1 变为肯定句 This museum is you visited a few days ago 例 2 变为肯定句 This is the museum the exhibition was held 在句 1 中 所缺部分为宾语 而 where that on which 都不能起到宾语的作用 只有 the one 既做了主句的 表语 又可做从句的宾语 可以省略关系代词 所以应选 D 而句 2 中 主 谓 宾俱全 从句部分为句子的状语表地点 既可用副词 where 又因 in the museum 词组 可用介词 in which 引导地点状语 而此题中 介词 on 用的不对 所以选 A 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分 先行词在从句中做主 定 宾语时 选择关 系代词 who whom that which whose 先行词在从句中做状语时 应选择关系副词 where 地点状语 when 时间状 语 why 原因状语 四 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分 去 掉它主句意思往 往不明确 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明 去掉了也不会影响主句的意思 它与主句之间 通常用逗号分开 例如 This is the house which we bought last month 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子 限制性 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育 地址 北京市西城区新德街 20 号 4 层 电话 010 82025511 传真 010 82079687 第 3 页 共 10 页 The house which we bought last month is very nice 这幢房子很漂亮 是我们上个月买的 非限制性 2 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时 其后的定语从句通常是非限 制性的 例如 Charles Smith who was my former teacher retired last year 查理 史密斯去年退休了 他曾经是我的老师 My house which I bought last year has got a lovely garden 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园 This novel which I have read three times is very touching 这本小说很动人 我已经读了三遍 3 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词 对其进行修饰 这时从句谓语动词 要用第三人称单 数 例如 He seems not to have grasped what I meant which greatly upsets me 他似乎没抓住我的意思 这使我心烦 Liquid water changes to vapor which is called evaporation 液态水变为蒸汽 这就叫做蒸发 说明 关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句 五 介词 关系词 1 介词后面的关系词不能省略 2 that 前不能有介词 3 某些在从句中充当时间 地点或原因状语的 介词 关系词 结构可以同关系副词 when 和 where 互 换 例如 This is the house in which I lived two years ago 这是我两年前住过的房子 This is the house where I lived two years ago Do you remember the day on which you joined our club 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗 Do you remember the day when you joined our club 六 as which 非限定性定语从句 由 as which 引导的非限定性定语从句 as 和 which 可代整个主句 相当于 and this 或 and that as 一般放 在句首 which 在句中 例如 As we know smoking is harmful to one s health 如我们所知 吸烟有害健康 The sun heats the earth which is very important to us 太阳使地球暖起来 这对我们人类很重要 典型例题 1 Alice received an invitation from her boss came as a surprise A it B that C which D he 答案 C 此为非限定性从句 不能用 that 修饰 而用 which it 和 he 都使后句成为 句子 两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接 况且选 he 句意不通 2 The weather turned out to be very good was more than we could expect A what B which C that D it 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育 地址 北京市西城区新德街 20 号 4 层 电话 010 82025511 传真 010 82079687 第 4 页 共 10 页 答案 B which 可代替句子 用于非限定性定语从句 而 what 不可 That 不能用于非 限定性定语从句 it 不 为连词 使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通 3 It rained hard yesterday prevented me from going to the park A that B which C as D it 答案 B as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时 这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的 整个意思 且在定语从 句中都可以作主语和宾语 但不同之处主要有两点 1 as 引导的定语从句可置于句首 而 which 不可 2 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时 从句中的谓语必须是系动词 若 为行为动词 则从句中 的关系代词只能用 which 在本题中 prevent 由于是行为动词 所以正确选项应为 B as 的用法 例 1 the same as such as 中的 as 是一种固定结构 和 一样 例如 I have got into the same trouble as he has 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦 例 2 as 可引导非限制性从句 常带有 正如 例如 As we know smoking is harmful to one s health 如我们所知 吸烟有害健康 As is known smoking is harmful to one s health as 是关系代词 例 1 中的 as 作 know 的宾语 例 2 中 它充当从句的主语 谓语 动词 know 要用被动式 七 先行词和关系词二合一 1 Whoever spits in public will be punished here Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替 2 The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school what 可以用 all that 代替 八 what whatever that what who whoever 1 what the thing which whatever anything 例如 What you want has been sent here 你要的动词都送来了 Whatever you want makes no difference to me 不管你要什么 跟我没什么关系 2 who the person that whoever anyone who 例如 错 Who breaks the law will be punished 错 Whoever robbed the bank is not clear 对 Whoever breaks the law will be punished 王子犯法 与庶民同罪 对 Who robbed the bank is not clear 谁抢了银行还不清楚 3 that 和 what 当 that 引导定语从句时 通常用作关系代词 而引导名词性从句时 是个不充当任 何成分的连接 词 宾语从句和表语从句中的 that 常可省略 What 只能引导名词性从句 用作连 接代词 作从句的 具体成分 且不能省略 例如 I think that you will like the stamps 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的 What we need is more practice 我们需要的是更多的实践 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育 地址 北京市西城区新德街 20 号 4 层 电话 010 82025511 传真 010 82079687 第 5 页 共 10 页 九 关系代词 that 的用法 1 不用 that 的情况 a 引导非限定性定语从句时 例如 错 The tree that is four hundred years old is very famous here b 介词后不能用 例如 We depend on the land from which we get our food 我们依赖土地获得食物 We depend on the land that which we get our food from 2 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a 在 there be 句型中 只用 that 不用 which b 在不定代词 如 anything nothing the one all much few any little 等作先行词 时 只用 that 不用 which c 先行词有 the only the very 修饰时 只用 that d 先行词为序数词 数词 形容词最高级时 只用 that e 先行词既有人 又有物时 例如 All that is needed is a supply of oil 所需的只是供油问题 Finally the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察 定语从句的概念 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 定语从句一般放在先行 词的后面 二 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词 常见的关系代词包括 that which who 宾格 whom 所有格 whose 等 关系副词包括 where when why 等 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及 定语从句之间起连接作 用 同时又作定语从句的重要成分 三 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句紧跟先 行词 主句与从句不用逗号分开 从句不可省去 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有 逗号分开 起补充说明 作用 如省去 意思仍完整 四 关系代词的用法 1 that 既可以用于指人 也可以用于指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 作主语时不可省略 作宾语可省略 例如 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐 that 作主语 The coat that I put on the desk is blue 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的 that 作宾 语 2 which 用于指物 在句中作主语或宾语 作主语不可省略 作宾语可省略 例如 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市 作主语 The film which we saw last night was wonderful 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育 地址 北京市西城区新德街 20 号 4 层 电话 010 82025511 传真 010 82079687 第 6 页 共 10 页 作宾语 3 who whom 用于指人 who 用作主语 whom 用作宾语 在口语中 有时可用 who 代 替 whom 也可省略 例如 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人 作主语 Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁 作宾 语 注意 1 当定语从句中含有介词 介词放在句末时 who that which 可省略 但介词 在关系代词前时 只能用 介词 which whom 结构 例如 This is the house in which we lived last year 这是我们去年居住的房子 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说 2 含有介词的固定动词词组中 介词不可前置 只能放在原来的位置上 例如 This is the person whom you are looking for 这就是你要找的那个人 3 that 作介词的宾语时 介词不能放它的前面 只能放在从句中动词的后面 例 如 The city that she lives in is very far away 她居住的城市非常远 4 关系词只能用 that 的情况 a 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 或本身是序数词 基数词 形容词最 高级时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 He was the first person that passed the exam 他是第一个通过考试的人 b 被修饰的先行词为 all any much many everything anything none the one 等不定代 词时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 c 先行词被 the only the very the same the last little few 等词修饰时 只能用 that 而不用 w which 例如 This is the same bike that I lost 这就是我丢的那辆自行车 d 先行词里同时含有人或物时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片 e 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句 为避免重复 只能用 that 例如 Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 f 主句是 there be 结构 修饰主语的定语从句用 that 而不用 which 例如 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom 桌子上那本书是汤姆的 5 关系词只能用 which 而不用 that 的情况 a 先行词为 that those 时 用 which 而不用 that 例如 What s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 b 关系代词前有介词时 一般用 which 而不用 that 例如 This is the room in which he lives 这是他居住的房间 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育 地址 北京市西城区新德街 20 号 4 层 电话 010 82025511 传真 010 82079687 第 7 页 共 10 页 c 引导非限制性定语从句 用 which 而不用 that 例如 Tom came back which made us happy 汤姆回来了 这使我们很高兴 五 关系副词的用法 1 when 指时间 其先行词表示时间 在句中作时间状语 例如 This was the time when he arrived 这是他到达的时间 2 where 指地点 其先行词表示地点 在句中作地点状语 例如 This is place where he works 这是他工作的地点 3 why 指原因 其先行词是原因 起原因状语作用 例如 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到 单项填空 1 Do you know the man is talking with your father Yes he s our headmaster A he B who C which D whom 2 Is this the river I can swim A which B in which C that D the one 3 This is the best hotel in the city I know A where B which C that D it 4 Can you lend me the dictionary the other day A that you bought B you bought it C that you bought it D which you bought it 5 Anyone with what I said may put up you hands A which agrees B who agree C who agrees D which agree 6 My watch is not the only thing is missing A that B it C which D who 7 The man coat is black is waiting at the gate A who s B whose C that of which 8 The girl is reading under the tree my sister A which is B whom was C who is D who was 9 I love places the people are really friendly A that B which C where D who 10 The world is made up of matter A in that we live B on which we live C where we live in D we live in 用适当的关系代词 that which who whom 填空 1 The first thing you must do is to have a meal 2 April 1st is the day is called April Fool s Day in the west 3 The family had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends 4 The house we live in is very old 5 Didn t you see the man I talked with just now 初中英语 定语从句专项练习题 1 Don t talk about such things of you are not sure 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育 地址 北京市西城区新德街 20 号 4 层 电话 010 82025511 传真 010 82079687 第 8 页 共 10 页 A which B what C as D those 2 Is this the factory you visited the other day A that B where C in which D the one 3 Is this factory some foreign friends visited last Friday A that B where C which D the one 4 Is this the factory he worked ten years ago A that B where C which D the one 5 The wolves hid themselves in the places couldn t be found A that B where C in which D in that 6 The freezing point is the temperature water changes into ice A at which B on that C in which D of what 7 This book will show you can be used in other contexts A how you have observed B what you have observed C that you have observed D how that you have observed 8 The reason is he is unable to operate the machine A because B why C that D whether 9 I ll tell you he told me last week A all which B that C all that D which 10 That tree branches are almost bare is very old A whose B of which C in which D on which 11 I have bought the same dress she is wearing A as B that C which D what 12 He failed in the examination made his father very angry A which B it C that D what 13 We re talking about the piano and the pianist were in the concert we attended last night A which B whom C who D that 14 The girl an English song in the next room is Tom s sister A who is singing B is singing C sang D was singing 15 Those not only from books but also through practice will succeed A learn B who C that learns D who learn 16 Anyone this opinion may speak out A that against B that against C who is against D who are against 17 Didn t you see the man A I nodded just now B whom I nodded just now C I nodded to him just now D I nodded to just now 18 Can you lend me the novel the other day A that you talked B you talked about it C which you talked with D you talked about 19 Is there anything to you A that is belonged B that belongs C that belong D which belongs 20 How do you like the book It s quite different from I read last month 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育 地址 北京市西城区新德街 20 号 4 层 电话 010 82025511 传真 010 82079687 第 9 页 共 10 页 A that B which C the one D the one what 21 Mr Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except who had already taken them A the ones B ones C some D the others 22 The train she was travelling was late A which B where C on which D in that 23 He has lost the key to the drawer the papers are kept A where B in which C under which D which 24 Antarctic we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round A which B where C that D about which 25 It s the third time late this month A that you arrived B when you arrived C that you ve arrived D when you ve arrived 26 It was in 1969 the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon A that B which C when D in which 27 May the fourth is the day we Chinese people will never forget A which B when C on which D about which 28 We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou live my grandparents and some relatives A which B that C who D where 29 The hotel during our holidays stands by the seaside A we stayed at B where we stayed at C we stayed D in that we stayed 30 Is it in that factory Red Flag cars are produced A in which B where C which D that 31 It is the Suez Canal separates Asia Africa A which to B where from C that from D that with 32 Under the bridge however almost directly below was a small canoe with a boy in it A there B where C it D which 33 He is not a fool A such as he is looked B such as he looks C as as he is looked D so as he looks 34 Is that the reason you are in favour of the proposal A which B what C why D for that 35 He must be from Africa can be seen from his skin A that B as C who D what 36 He has two sons work as chemists A two of whom B both of whom C both of which D all of whom 37 I your good friend will try my b