初中语法训练之名词(含练习题及答案)

1 初中语法之名词初中语法之名词 掌握要点 掌握要点 名词的分类 专有名词和普通名词 名词的数 1 区分可数名词和不可数名词 区分方法 2 可数名词的复数变化 分为规则变化及不规则变化 名词所有格 含义 构成 两种形式 s 所有格及 of 所有格 知识点 知识点 一 名词的分类一 名词的分类 1 专有名词 名字专有名词 名字 人名 地名 书名 机构名人名 地名 书名 机构名 与国家有关的 与国家有关的 国家 国民 语言国家 国民 语言 日期 节日 星期 日期 节日 星期 月份 月份 例句 My name is Lucy I am a Chinese I will go to the Great Wall on Monday 2 普通名词普通名词 包括可数名词和不可数名词包括可数名词和不可数名词 个体名词个体名词 表示个体的人或事物 例 sister table bike window 可数名词可数名词 集体名词集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物 例 family police class group 物质名词物质名词 表示构成物体的物质或材料 例 water air wood 不可数名词不可数名词 抽象名词抽象名词 表示状态 品质 行为 感情等 例 danger interest 区分方法 将物体分成两半 如果每半不能叫原名 则为可数名词 如果还可叫原名 则为不可数名词 区分方法 将物体分成两半 如果每半不能叫原名 则为可数名词 如果还可叫原名 则为不可数名词 注 有些单词意义发生变化 单复数也发生变化 例 glass 作玻璃杯时可数 作玻璃时不可数 身兼二职的名词对照表身兼二职的名词对照表 glassfish chickentime 可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次 倍 不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间 orange lightpaper hair 可数橘子电灯报纸 试卷 几根 头发 不可数橘汁光纸头发 exerciseidea lifework 可数练习题主意 意见生命著作 不可数锻炼了解生活工作 turkeyradioyouthexperience 可数火鸡收音机青年人经历 不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻 青春经验 interest room 可数爱好房间 不可数兴趣空间 二 名词的单复数形式二 名词的单复数形式 1 规则变化 规则变化 2 名词的复数构成 通常是在单数形式后面加名词的复数构成 通常是在单数形式后面加 s 或或 es 1 一般情况在词尾直接加 s 例 bags 2 以 s x sh ch 结尾的词加 es 例 bus buses box boxes 3 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的词 y 变成 i 加 es 例 city cities 以 元音字母 y 结尾的词 直接加 s 4 以 o 结尾的除 potato 马铃薯 tomato 西红柿 hero 英雄 加 es 其余直接加 s 5 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词 多数变 f 或 fe 为 v 加 es roof proof 直接加直接加 s 例 life lives wife wives roof roofs 2 不规则变化不规则变化 1 单词拼写发生变化 man men woman women policeman policemen foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice child children 2 某国人变复数 口诀 中日不变英法变 其余中日不变英法变 其余 s 加后面加后面 例 an Englishman Englishmen an American Americans 3 单复数形式相同 常用分以下几类 表示动物的名词deer 鹿 fish 鱼 sheep 绵羊 bison 野牛 crab 螃蟹 表示人的名词Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 Swiss 瑞士人 kin 亲属 craft 及由 craft 构成的名词craft 飞机 aircraft 飞机 spacecraft 太空船 表示数量的名词Hundred 百 thousand 千 million 百万 dozen 一打 score 二十 其他series 系列 species 种类 means 方法 3 不可数名词一般只用单数 它不能与不可数名词一般只用单数 它不能与 a an 及数次搭配使用 表示数量时用量词搭配 及数次搭配使用 表示数量时用量词搭配 例 a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶 three pieces of paper 三张纸 four bottles of water 四杯水 三 名词所有格三 名词所有格 含义 含义 名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系 表示形式 表示形式 一种是 s 所有格 一种是 of 所有格 Beijing is China s capital Beijing is the captital of China This is Tom s bike This is the bike of Tom Lily is the key s owner Lily is the owner of the key 1 s 所有格构成所有格构成 单数名词及不以 s 结尾的复数名词 只需在词尾加 s 如 Lucy s pen 路西的钢笔 Children s Day 儿童节 以 s 结尾的复数名词 只加 如 the students books 学生们的书 2 几个人共有的东西 只需在最后一个人的名词后加 s 如 Lucy and Lily s bedroom 露西和莉莉的卧室 表示各自所有 则每个名词都加 s 如 Lucy s and Lily s desks 露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子 典型例题讲解 1 They got much from those new books A ideas B photos C news D stories 解析 much 是用来修饰不可数名词的 A B D 三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式 C 项为不可数名词 因 此选 C 3 2 I have two and three bottles of here A orange orange B oranges oranges C oranges orange D orange oranges 解析 orange 有两种含义 一种可数名词橘子 另一种是不可数名词橘汁 此题第一空应填可数名词 第二 空填不可数名词 因此选 C 3 Every evening M r King takes a to his home A 25 minutes walk B 25 minute s walk C 25 minute walk D 25 minutes walk 解析 句中的 minute 应该用其复数的所有格形式 只 而不能 s 因此选 A 4 An old wants to see you A people B person C the people D the person 解析 person 与 people 都有 人 的意思 但用法不同 一个人 用 a person 两个人 用 two persons people 泛指 人们 是集合名词 表示复数 the people 指 人民 a people 指 一个民族 应选 B 5 Help yourself to A chickens and apples B chickens and apple C chicken and apple D chicken and apples 解析 chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡 用作不可数名词指鸡肉 根据词题意应理解为鸡肉 apple 为可数名词 故应 s 因此选 D 6 Oh dear I forgot the two A room s number B rooms number C room numbers D rooms numbers 解析 room number 房间号码 room 可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 类似的还有 my phsics teacher two bus drivers 等 应选 C 7 She has been in Tianjin for ten years Tianjin has become her second A family B house C home D room 解析 family 指的是家庭或是家庭成员 house 指的是房子 住所 room 指的是房间 而 home 指的是家 因 此选 C 8 mothers couldn t go to the meeting because they have gone to Shanghai A Mary and Peter s B Mary and Peter C Mary s and Peter D Mary s and Peter s 解析 此句中 mothers 是复数 表示两个人各自的母亲 因此应选 D 9 Li Lei has been to many times this month A her uncle B her uncle s C her uncles D aunt s 解析 此句意为 李雷这个去她舅舅家多次 表示具体场所时 可省去所有格后面的名词 因此选 B 10 He is a success as a leader but he hasn t in teaching A many experiences B much experience C an experience D a lot experience 解析 experience 作 经验 讲时是不可数名词 作 经历 讲时是可数名词 本句中应理解为 经 验 因此是不可数名词 排除 A C 又因 a lot of lots of plenty of 只用于肯定句 不用于否定句 因此选 B 11 A classmate of was here ten minutes ago 4 A you B your C your sister D your sister s 解析 此题考查名词的双重所有格 应选 D 12 A group of are talking with two A Frenchmen Germans B Germans Frenchmans C Frenchmans Germen D Germen Frenchmen 解析 Frenchman 是复合词 其复数形式为 Frenchmen German 的复数为直接在单词末尾 S 应选 A 13 The team having a meeting A is B are C am D be 解析 team 是一个集合名词 即可表示复数意义 指整个小组 也可指小组中的成员 表示复数 此题意为 后者 因此选 B 14 Would you like please A drink Three coffees B a cup of drink Coffees C a drink A coffee D a drink Three cups of coffees 解析 drink 和 coffee 是不可数名词 可以用 of 来表示数量 eg three cups of coffee 当前面加 a 时 则表示 一杯 因此选 C 15 The Great Wall was made not only by but also the flesh and blood of men A earth and stone millions of B earths and stones millions C the earth and stone million of D the earths and stones millions 解析 earth 是不可数名词 因此删除 B D 数以百万的应为 millions of 因此选 A 名词练习题名词练习题 1 This is reading room A the teacher s B teacher s C teacher s D the teachers 2 Nothing was found but broken A the room window B the room s window C the room of the window D the window of room 3 How many would you like A paper B bread C pieces of papers D pieces of bread 4 He was praised for his A brave B bravery C bravely D great brave 5 Please get me a new when you go to town A clothes B dress C clothing D trousers 6 There are 34 doctors in the hospital A woman B women C woman s D women s 7 Some are even thinner than your little finger A bamboo B bamboos C kinds of bamboo D kinds of bamboos 8 He was born in this town and now he lives in A Building second B Building Two C the Building Two D Building the Second 9 Old as he is he has to do every day A a lot of work B much works C lots of homeworks D quite a lot of homeworks 10 Jack s room is furnished with A new furnitures B many new furnitures 5 C many new pieces of furnitures D many new pieces of furniture 11 Have you read newspaper yet A today s B Today s C the today s D your today s 12 It s not far only walk from here to our school A a ten minutes B ten minutes C a ten minutes D ten minutes 13 Last month he wrote me letter A a 1000 word B 1000 words C a 1000 words D 1000 words 14 He had a sleep yesterday A a good night B a good night C a good night s D good night s 15 is not a long way to drive A Three miles distance B Three mile distance C Three miles distance D A three mile distance 16 His isn t fit for the work Please get me A something else B somebody else C someone else s D somebody s else 17 Do you know how large is A population of China B Chinese population C China population D China s population 18 is too much for the boy to carry A The box weight B The box s weight C The weight of the box D The box of the weight 19 Excuse me how can I get to the nearest shop A shoes B shoe C shoes D shoe s 20 What weather we re having these days A nice B a nice C a bad D worse 21 They say that the meeting will be A of very important B great importance C of great importance D great important 22 I m going to call at this evening A Mr Black B the Blacks C Mr Black s D Blacks 23 What Darwin said was an attack on people s religious A belief B beliefs C beliefs D believs 24 There are some waiting for you outside A German B American 6 C grown up D Japanese 25 Their factory has developed a kind of to help people walk A machine B machines C a machine D the machine 26 There re many in my brother s album A leafs B toys C books D stamps 27 Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of A tomatoes B potatos C vegetable D meats 28 Upon hearing what I said his rose A anger B angry C angrily D angriness 29 Excuse me can you change this for me A five pound note B five pounds note C five pound notes D five pounds notes 30 You have to make for your journey A preparing B preparation C a preparation D preparations 31 While washing up she broke a A glass wine B wine glass C glass of wine D wine of glass 32 You have worked out the plan and now we must