【高考四元聚焦】2014届高三英语一轮复习 词汇篇《词汇专练》（含解析）

1 四元聚焦四元聚焦 英语英语 词汇篇词汇篇 词汇专练词汇专练 含解析 含解析 2 bargainbargain n C 便宜货 廉价货 C 便宜 廉价 C 交易 买卖 v I 讨价 还价 搭配Error 练习 英译汉 完成句子 That car is a real bargain at 300 她和商贩讲价钱 She the trader the price 答案 那辆汽车 300 美元 真便宜 bargained with over 3 basebase n C 基础 根据 C 基地 根据地 总部 v T 以 为基础 The facts are the base of the theory 事实是这个理论的基础 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 我的观点是以事实作为依据的 I base my opinion the facts My opinion the facts 根据西班牙传统吉他音乐改编的这首歌很有趣 This song traditional Spanish guitar music is interesting 答案 on is based on which is based on upon4 bearbear n C 熊 a polar bear 北极熊 v 过去式 bore 过去分词 borne 或 born T 承受 负担 承担 T 忍受 容忍 通常与 can could 连用 用于疑问句或否定句中 同 stand put up with tolerate T 结 果实 生育 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 这湖上的冰承受不了你的体重 The ice on the lake will not 谁负担这费用呢 Who will 这棵树不结果 This tree 我受不了被人忽视 I can t bear 易混辨析 born born borneborne 两者均为 bear 的过去分词 但用法不同 2 born 作 出生 出身 解时 只用于被动语态 还可表示 天生的 生来 就 的意思 用作表语或定语 borne 作 生育 或 结 果实 解 练习 完成句子 She has a son She in Beijing He was a poet 答案 bear your weight bear the expense bears no fruit being ignored to be ignored borne was born born 5 becausebecause conj 引导原因状语从句 表语从句 因为 易混辨析 because because whywhy 引导表语从句时的区别 because 引导表语从句时 表示原因 why 引导表语从句时 表示结果 练习 用 because why 填空 He is ill That s he didn t come yesterday He didn t come yesterday That s he was ill 易混辨析 becausebecause of of owingowing to to thanksthanks to to duedue to to onon accountaccount ofof 这些介词短语都可用于表示原因 because of 因为 由于 作状语 可置于句首或句中 owing to 由于 作状语或表语 可置于句首或句中 thanks to 多亏 由于 多用于表达正面意思 相当于感谢 作状语 可置于句 首或句中 due to 侧重于原因 作表语或状语 不置于句首 on account of 与 because of 同义 但较正式 作状语或表语 练习 完成句子 由于交通路况不佳我迟到了 I was late the traffic 由于辛苦的工作 才取得了这么大的成功 hard work it was a great success 答案 why because because of owing to due to on account of Thanks to Because of Owing to On account of 6 behalfbehalf n U 利益 仅用于下列短语 搭配Error 练习 3 我代表第二组发言 I am speaking 他为了你才这么说的 He said so 答案 on behalf of Group 2 on your behalf 7 behavebehave v I 表现 举止 I T 守规矩 举止得体 搭配Error 链接 behaviour behavior n U 行为 举止 练习 完成句子 英译汉 他待她很差 He her 妈妈总是叫孩子们守规矩 Mum always tells He behaves himself like a man 答案 behaved badly to her children to behave themselves 他表现得像一个男 子汉 8 belongbelong v I 属于 搭配Error 链接 belongings 复数 所有物 财产 练习 完成句子 单项选择 这本书属于我 The book Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future to the well educated A belongs B is belonged C is belonging D will be belonged 解析 belongs to me A belong to 不用于被动语态和进行时态 故选项 B C D 都不正确 句意 威廉 姆斯教授一直告诉他的学生 未来是属于受过良好教育的人 9 benefitbenefit v T 使受益 do good to be beneficial to I 受益 n U C 利益 好处 搭配Error 链接 beneficial adj 有益的 有利的 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 他的忠告使我受益匪浅 I his advice 新建的医院会给这座城市带来极大的好处 The new hospital the town 4 你的建议对我很有益 Your advice is 这种药对他的健康几乎没有好处 The drug has his health She has the benefit of a good education 答案 benefited a lot from will be of a great benefit to will greatly benefit of great benefit to me very beneficial to me little benefit on 她受益于良好的教育 10 besidesbesides prep 除 以外 还有 adv 此外 而且 what s more moreover in addition 练习 完成句子 除了汤姆 我还有很多朋友 I have many friends Tom 今天下午除了看书以外 你还做了什么 What else did you do this afternoon 我很忙 而且我也不想去 I am very busy 易混辨析 besides besides except except exceptexcept for for exceptexcept 从句 but but apartapart fromfrom besides 除 外 指 在整体中加入一部分 可和表示 部分 概念的词 another other else more as well 等连用 except 除 外 指 在整体中除去一部分 except for 除了 外 用于修正或订正某些事实 except 从句 从句可由 that when what where 等引导 表示 除了 不包括从 句的内容 but 意思同 except 常与不定代词 no nobody nothing all everything anything 及疑问词 who where what 等连用 apart from 兼有 besides 和 except 两种含义 根据上下文可用 besides except 或 except for 替代 后接名词 代词或动名词 练习 用 besides except except for but apart from 填空 单项选择 It was dark in the city a few weak lights Does John know any other foreign language French There s nothing two chairs in the room the salary it s not a bad job being a little large the hat looks nice She comes to school every day it rains heavily A besides B except for C except that D except when 解析 other besides besides reading Besides I don t want to go except for besides but except Apart from Except for Apart from D it rains heavily 是个句子 排除 A 和 B 项 根据 every day 可知 是除下大雨 的时候 故选 D 11 bestbest adj 最好的 good 的最高级 反 worst adv 最好地 well 的最高级 n 5 最好的 人或物 用单数 加 the 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 汉译英 你最好留下来 It stay 我们最好现在动身 We start now 他最喜欢足球 He likes football 他至多是个成绩中等的学生 He is an average student 我要尽最大努力达到我的目标 I ll my goal 尽量利用你的时间 答案 is best for you to had best best of all at best do my best to reach Make the best of your time 12 blameblame v T 责备 责怪 n U 过失 责备 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 那次交通事故不应该责怪司机 The driver 他们怪罪秘书造成计划延误 They blamed the secretary the delay of the plan 他把失败归咎于他的老师 He blamed the failure his teacher 答案 was not to blame for the traffic accident for on 13 boardboard n C 木板 板 C 甲板 C 布告牌 a notice board 布告栏 C 委员会 董事会 C 政府的 部 v T 上 车 船 飞机 go on board 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 他从未乘过船 He a ship before 乘客们上船 上车 登机了吗 Have the passengers yet 答案 has never been on board gone on board boarded 易混辨析 board board aboard aboard abroad abroad broadbroad board prep 上 车 船 飞机 aboard adv 在 车 船 飞机 上 同 on board 6 abroad adv 在 到国外 broad adj 宽阔的 助记 board n 木板 blackboard n 黑板 keyboard n 键盘 aboard adj 在船上 skateboard n 滑板 cupboard n 碗柜 14 botherbother v T 打扰 麻烦 I 烦恼 麻烦 操心 n U 烦恼 麻烦 同 trouble 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 不要打电话打扰我 Don t 他总是用愚蠢的问题打扰我 He s always foolish questions 别为那烦恼 Don t that We had a lot of bother in repairing it 答案 bother to phone me bothering me with bother about 我们修理它很费力 易混辨析 bother bother interrupt interrupt disturbdisturb bother 打扰 扰乱 指扰乱某人心绪而使之不安 强调 扰 interrup t 打断 中断 指中断正在进行的工作 谈话等 强调 断 disturb 打扰 扰乱 妨碍 强调扰乱 妨碍平静或正常秩序 15 boundbound adj 被束缚的 被绑的 同 tied 法律上或道德上 有义务的 v I 跳跃 搭配Error He was bound to a chair 他被绑在一把椅子上 练习 完成句子 英译汉 人质被绑在椅子上 The hostage a chair 我们有执行这个计划的义务 We the plan I am bound to my family 答案 is bound to are bound to carry out 我被家庭所束缚 16 breakbreak v I T 打破 打碎 折断 T 违反 违背 I T 中止 中断 I 天 破晓 n C 暂停 工间 课间等 休息时间 搭配Error 练习 用介 副词填空 7 I m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken Modern music has broken away 18th century rules We are sorry for being late but our car broke on the way The peace talks have broken Scientists hope to break soon in their fight against cancer Thieves broke the bank last night and stole some money 答案 up from down down through into 17 burybury v T 埋葬 葬 埋藏 遮盖 覆盖 搭配Error 拓展 burial n C U 埋葬 葬礼 a burial service 葬礼 funeral 练习 完成句子 英译汉 单项选择 他正埋头在手机上发短信 He sending text messages on his cellphone 登山者被活埋在一堆岩石中 The climbers under a pile of rocks He buried the treasures under the ground She buried her face in her hands and wept in his study he didn t notice that the teacher had come up to him A Buried B Burying C Be buried D Being buried 答案 is burying himself in is buried in were buried alive 他把财宝埋在地下 她双手掩面哭了起来 A 句意 他埋头于学习 老师走到他跟前都没有注意到 bury 和主语 he 是被动关 系 故用过去分词 buried 在句中作原因状语 因此前面不用 be C C 1 carecare v I T 介意 关心 关注 I 照顾 照料 n U 担心 烦恼 U 照料 护理 U 注意 小心 同 attention caution 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 注意不要把这婴儿吵醒了 that you don t wake the baby 她在照料我的婴儿 She is my baby 只要你答应把我的照相机保管好就可以借去用 You can borrow my camera if you promise to 8 it 易混辨析 carecare about about carecare forfor care about 表示 关心 介意 在乎 care for 表示 喜欢 愿意 想要 练习 用 about for 填空 Einstein who cared little money never cared his salary Would you care some coffee 答案 Take care taking care of take good care of for about for 助记 care n 小心careful adj 小心的 仔细的carefully adv 小心地 仔细地 careless adj 粗心的 草率的carelessness n 粗心 2 casecase n C 情况 状况 C 加 the 事实 实情 C 病例 患者 C 案件 诉讼 C 箱 子 盒 子 搭配Error 练习 写出 句中 case 的词义 完成句子 If this is the case I must let him know it The police are investigating the murder case She dragged the heavy case up the stairs They ll operate on the more serious cases right away 你最好带上雨伞以防下雨 You had better take an umbrella You had better take an umbrella 如果他来 告诉我一声 let me know it 我根本没有注意到他早离开了 In no case that he left early 答案 事实 实情 案件 手提箱 患者 病人 in case it rains in case of rain In case he comes In case of his coming have I noticed 3 catchcatch v T 抓住 接住 赶上 搭上 车 船等 反 miss 理解 听懂 同 understand follow 感染 疾病 撞上 偶然发现 吸引 引起 注意等 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 英译汉 单项选择 老师捉住他考试舞弊 The teacher caught him in the exam 被动语态 He 要是你耽误很多课 你会很难赶上的 9 If you miss a lot of lessons it s very difficult At rush hour we are often caught in traffic The painting on the wall caught my eye I didn t catch what you said The owner scolded the girl caught flowers in his garden and let her off A picking B to pick C to have picked D to be picking 易混辨析 catchcatch upup with with keepkeep upup withwith 这两个短语都有 跟上 赶上 的意思 catch up with 指从后面赶上来 是短暂性动作 keep up with 指不落后于别人的状态 是延续性动作 练习 用 catch up with 或 keep up with 填空 别跑了 我赶不上你了 Don t run I can t you 为了跟上那些优秀学生 我们得努力学习了 We have to work hard to those excellent students 解析 cheating was caught cheating in the exam to catch up 在交通高峰时间我们经常遇到堵车 墙上的画吸引了我 我没听懂你说的话 A 该题考查 catch sb doing sth 这一结构 其被动形式为 sb be caught doing sth 该句中 caught 是过去分词作后置定语 修饰 the girl 相当于 who was caught stealing catch up with keep catch up with 4 certaincertain adj 作表语 确信的 肯定的 有把握的 同 sure 反 uncertain 作定语 不指明的或不说出的 某个 某些 同 some 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 他确信会成功 He success 我们队有把握赢 Our team is certain of winning Our team we will win 如果你这样做一定会被发现 If you do this you 10 be found out 出门时一定要确保把门锁上 the door is locked when you go out 我不敢肯定他什么时候来 I can t say when he will come 易混辨析 certain certain suresure certain 和 sure 都有 确信的 肯定的 之意 当主语为人或天气时 sure 和 certain 可换用 在祈使句中用 sure 不用 certain 在以 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句子中用 certain 不用 sure 练习 用 certain 或 sure 填空 It is that he ll come I feel it that he ll come He s to come Be to come 答案 is certain sure of is certain sure that are certain sure to Make certain sure that for certain sure certain certain certain sure sure 5 challengechallenge v T 向 挑战 n C 挑战 艰巨任务 搭配Error 链接 challenging adj 具有挑战性的 练习 英译汉 完成句子 She likes her job to be a challenge This is a challenging and rewarding job 女孩们邀请男孩子进行足球比赛 The girls the boys a football match 答案 她喜欢艰巨的工作 这是一项富有挑战性且回报丰厚的工作 challenged to 6 chargecharge v I T 要价 收费 T 控告 指控 T 给 充电 n C 费用 价钱 U 指控 控告 U 掌管 负责 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 他被指控盗窃 He 修理这辆自行车要多少钱 How much do you the bike 我的手机正在充电 我能用你的吗 My cellphone 11 May I use yours 你可以免费看这部电影 You can see the film 易混辨析 inin chargecharge of of in underin under thethe chargecharge ofof in charge of 某人 负责 掌管 含有主动意义 of 的 宾语是所管理的事 物或人 in under the charge of in sb s charge 某事或人由某人负责或掌管 含有被动意义 of 的宾语是实施管理的人 练习 完成句子 单项选择 玛丽负责照看这些孩子 Mary is the children The children are 你负责做沙拉 You re the salad 老板不在期间由我负责管理公司 I will take during the boss absence 答案 was charged with stealing theft charge me for repairing is being charged free of charge in charge of in under the charge of Mary in Mary s charge in charge of making charge of the company 7 checkcheck v T 检查 核对 查看 查明 n 检查 核对 支票 英 cheque 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 请至少在飞机起飞前一小时办理登记手续 Please at least an hour before departure 那时我们已结账离开了宾馆 Then we of the hotel 易混辨析 check check examine examine test test inspectinspect 这 4 个动词都有 检查 之意 check 意为 检查 核对 侧重于核对 找错 也常用于判断事物的正误 有无或是 否正常等 examine 侧重于通过仔细地察看以发现问题 故障 违禁等 也指正式考试 测验 test 意为 检测 试验 指通过某种手段检测某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准 inspect 侧重于为了发现问题进行的仔细而挑剔的检查 inspect 还有 视察 检阅 之意 主要指官方或上级检查 练习 用 check examine test inspect 的适当形式填空 单项选择 He the computer but found nothing wrong The Queen accompanied President Hu Jintao in a Guard of Honour 仪仗队 12 your homework before you hand it in This product is not on animals Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday Have you got it Oh really I haven t my mailbox yet A examined B reviewed C tested D checked 答案 check in have checked out examined inspecting Check tested D 8 circumstancecircumstance n C 常用复数 情况 情形 环境 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 在目前情况下 我们不得不推迟讨论这个问题 we have to delay discussing this subject 无论如何我都不会去 答案 Under In the present circumstances Under In no circumstances will I go 易混辨析 circumstance circumstance environment environment surroundingsurrounding circumstance 常用复数 指与某事件或某人有关的情况 环境 境况等 environment 常用单数 既指自然环境 也指对人的情感 道德及观念等产生影响的环 境 surrounding 用复数 表示 环境 周围的事物 仅指周围的具体的物质性的东西 We must adapt to the changing social circumstances 我们必须适应正在变化的社会环境 He grew up in a happy environment 他在幸福愉快的环境中长大 We are living in pleasant surroundings 我们生活在舒适的环境中 提示 environment 和 surroundings 指 环境 时常可换用 protect the environment surroundings 保护环境 9 claimclaim v T 声称 断言 I T 根据权利 要求 索取 索赔 认领 n C 声称 主张 断言 C 依据权利提出的 要求 索赔 搭配Error Some people claimed to have seen UFOs 有些人声称看到过飞碟 They claim that they are badly paid 他们声称待遇太差 练习 完成句子 他声称已发现了治疗这种病的一种药物 He a cure for the disease 货物如有损坏 可以要求索赔 You can if the goods are damaged 谁丢了包 请到广播站来认领 Anyone who lost a bag please come to the radio station 答案 13 claimed to have discovered claim your money back to claim 10 combinecombine v I T 结合 联合 合并 n C 联合企业 C 联合收割机 搭配Error 练习 英译汉 完成句子 Let s combine our efforts The two companies combined to make a large one 这部影片寓教于乐 The film 答案 我们一起努力吧 这两家公司合并成一家大公司 combines education with recreation 11 comecome v I 来 来到 反 go 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 英译汉 刚才出了一起车祸 A car accident came just now 你怎么会迟到一个小时呢 How did come about you were an hour late 我在一本杂志上偶然发现了那篇文章 I the article in a magazine 我妹妹也一起来参加聚会 好吗 May my sister come to the party as well 当我看到这照片 美好的回忆又再度浮现 When I saw the picture happy memories came 作家的新书刚出版 The author s new book just came 他们达成了一致意见 They came an agreement I m just coming to that 我猛然间想起了这首歌的歌词 Suddenly the words of the song came me 我突然想起我今天有一个约会 suddenly came me I had an appointment today 我提出了些新的想法 I some new ideas 他追上了我并交给我一封信 He and gave me a letter 答案 about it that came across along back out to 我正要讲到这一点 to It to that came up with came up with me 12 commoncommon adj 普通的 常见的 一般的 平常的 共同的 共有的 公共的 搭配Error 链接 commonly adv 通常 常常 14 练习 完成句子 和许多年轻人一样 他喜欢流行音乐 he likes pop music 在中学时 我与其他的孩子不太一样 I don t the other kids in high school 现在 年轻夫妇申请贷款购房很普遍 Now to apply for a loan to buy houses 易混辨析 common common ordinary ordinary general general usual usual normalnormal 这些形容词均含 普通 的意思 common 普通的 常见的 强调常见 不足为奇 ordinary 平凡的 普通的 指无特别之处 很一般 与 special 相对 立 general 普遍的 大众的 侧重指普遍性 很少有例外 usual 通常的 平常的 侧重规律性 与以前类似的 normal 正常的 侧重指无异常 练习 用 common ordinary general usual normal 填空 单项选择 When I took his temperature it was two degrees above Mobile phones are very today even in the countryside Skim the passage and tell the idea of it I plan to meet you at the place According to yesterday s newspaper a n family of city residents in this country owns about 80 000 yuan in the banks A general B common C average D usual 解析 In common with many young people have much in common with it is common for young couples normal common general usual C an average family of city residents 城市的一个普通家庭 13 comparecompare v T I 比较 T 把 比作 搭配Error 链接 comparison n C U 比较 beyond comparison 无与伦比 练习 完成句子 单项选择 将这个与那个比较一下 你就会知道哪个比较好了 this that and you will see which is better this that you will see which is better 教师常被比作蜡烛 A teacher a candle 和许多同龄女孩相比 你是幸运的 of your age you are lucky Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different 15 supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens A compared B comparing C compares D being compared 解析 Compare with Comparing with is often compared to Compared with to many girls B 句意 最近 一项对两家超市的同样商品的价格进行比较的调查在市民中引起了 激烈的争论 survey 与 compare 在逻辑上存在主谓关系 因此使用 comparing comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets 在句中作后置定语 修饰 survey 14 competecompete v I 比赛 竞争 搭配Error 助记 compete v competitive adj 竞争的 有竞争力的 competition n C 比赛 竞赛 U 竞争 competitor n C 参赛者 C 竞争对手 练习 完成句子 5 个孩子参加了赛跑 Five children the race 将有 10 个队角逐这块金牌 Ten teams will the gold medal 这家公司太小 不能与大公司抗衡 The firm is too small large ones 你将和汤姆比赛游泳吗 Will you the swimming race 答案 competed in compete for to compete with against compete with Tom in 15 concentrateconcentrate v I 聚精会神 专注 同 focus T 集中 聚集 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 我饿了就无法集中精力 I when I m hungry 你应该专心于你的工作 You should 你应该集中精力通过这次考试 You should the exam 答案 can t concentrate concentrate on your work concentrate your efforts attention on passing 易混辨析 concentrate concentrate focusfocus 这两个动词均有 集中 聚集 之意 当指把精力或注意力集中于某一事物上时常可换用 当表示 聚焦 之意时只能用 focus 16 16 concernconcern v T 和 有关 涉及 T 使担心 使忧虑 n C 关心的事 重要的事 U 有时可加 a 担心 忧虑 关心 关怀 C U 关系 关联 搭配Error 链接 concerned adj 忧虑的 担心的 作前置定语 有关的 作后置定语 the authorities concerned 有关当局 concerning prep 关于 about 练习 英译汉 完成句子 The matter concerns your brother 你说的与我们关心的没有关系 What you have said is not related to what we now 在我看来 现在做改变已经太晚了 it is too late to change 忧心忡忡的家长们都为孩子们的安全担忧 The parents the children s safety 周围的环境受到严重污染 这令我们深感忧虑 us deeply the environment around has been heavily polluted 答案 这件事与你兄弟有关 are concerned with As So far as I am concerned concerned are all concerned for It concerns that 17 concludeconclude v T 推断出 断定 I T 结束 end 搭配Error 链接 conclusion n C 结论 C 结束 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 你从这些观察中能得出什么结论 these observations 他讲话结束时 祝大家新年愉快 He concluded his speech everybody a happy new year 我将以这句话结束我的文章 I will the sentence 警方认为他是这桩凶杀案的罪犯 The police the conclusion he was the criminal of the murder 答案 What can you conclude from by wishing conclude my article with came to arrived at that 18 condemncondemn v T 谴责 指责 T 宣判 判刑 同 sentence 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 我们谴责他的不良行为 17 We him his bad conduct 犯人被判处死刑 The prisoner 答案 condemned for was condemned to death 19 conditioncondition n C 条件 C 用复数 工作或生活等的 条件 状况 C U 健康或物品的 状态 状况 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 英译汉 单项选择 如果你能在星期一还我 我可以借给你这本书 I will lend you the book you it on Monday 在这么恶劣的情况下 我们只有推迟野营了 we have to put off the camp He is living in terrible conditions That is a used car in good condition 我决不会改变我的主意 On no condition my mind I agree to his suggestion the condition that he drops all charges A by B in C on D to 解析 on condition that return Under such bad weather conditions 他的生活条件很差 那是一辆状况良好的旧车 will I change C 句意 我同意他的建议 条件是他放弃所有的指控 on the condition that 在 条件下 介词用 on 属固定搭配 20 confuseconfuse v T 使困惑 把 弄糊涂 T 混淆 把 混同 T 搞乱 使 混乱 搭配Error 练习 完成句子 我把你和你的孪生姐姐弄混淆了 I 我对所发生的事仍然有点不解 I m still a little happened 不得将蝴蝶和飞蛾混同起来 A butterfly must not be confused a moth 他的孙女把他书桌上的文件弄乱了 His granddaughter on his 18 desk 易混辨析 confused confused confusingconfusing confused 感到迷惑不解的 多用于指人 有时也修饰 look 或 expression 等 词 confusing 令人迷惑不解的 莫名其妙的 多用于指事物 练习 用 confuse 的适当形式填空 他们被含混不清的报导弄糊涂了 They got by the account 答案 confused you with your twin sister confused about what with confused the papers confused confusing 21 congratulatecongratulate v T 祝贺 搭配Error 链接 congratulation n 用复数 祝贺 庆贺 offer