2019高考英语二轮强化训练—阅读理解36.doc

2019高考英语二轮强化训练阅读理解36AThe first jazz musicians played in New Orleans during the early 1900s. After 1917, many of the New Orleans musicians moved to the south side of Chicago, where they continued to play their style of Jazz. Soon Chicage was the new center for jazz.Several out standing musicians appeared as leading jazz artists in Chicago. Daniel Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong, born in New Orleans in 1900, was one. Another leading musician was Joseph “King” Oliver, who was also believed with having discovered Armstrong when they were both in New Orleans. While in Chicago, Oliver asked Armstrong, who was in New Orleans, to join his band.In 1923 King Oliver Creole Jazz Band made the first important set of recordings by a Black band in the history of jazz. The Red Hot Peppers band led by Jelly Roll Morton and the Hot Five and Hot Seven Bands under Louis Armstrong also made recordings of special note.Although Chicagos South side was the main jazz center, some musicians in New York were also demanding attention in jazz circles. In 1923 Fletcer Henderson already had a ten-piece band that played jazz. During the early 1930s, the number of players grew to sixteen, Hendersons band was considered a leader in what some people have called the Big Band Era.By the 1930s, big dance bands were the rage. Large numbers of people went to ballrooms to dance to jazz music played by big bands.One of the most popular and long a very famous jazz band was the Duke Ellington Band. Edward “Duke” Ellington was born in Washton, D.C, in 1899 and died in New York City in 1974. He studied the piano as a young boy and later began writing original musical compositions.The first of Ellingtons European tours came in 1933. He soon received international fame for his talent as a band leader, composer, and arranger. Ten years later, Ellington began giving annual concerts at Carnegie Hall in New York City. People began to listen to jazz in the same way that they had always listened to classical music.56What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo compare jazz to other types of music. BTo criticize jazz musicians and their music.CTo describe the careers of important jazz musicians in the 1930s.DTo trace the development of jazz in the United States.57It can be inferred from the passage that Louis Armstrong went to Chicago for which of the following reasons? Ato form his own band. BTo learn to play Chicago-style jazz.CTo play in Joseph Olivers band. DTo make recordings with the Hot Five.58According to the passage, which of the following Black bands was the first to make a significant set of jazz recordings?AThe hot Sevsn band.BFletcher Hendersons band.CThe red hot Peppers band.DKing Olivers Creole Jazz Band.59The passage supports which of the following conclusions?ABy the 1930s jazz was appreciated by a wide audience.BClassical music had a great hit on jazz.CJazz was born in New Orleans in the early 19th century.DJazz bands were better known in Europe than in the United States.61Which of the following cities is NOT mentioned in the passage as a center of Jazz?ANew YorkBWashton, D. CCChicagoDNew OrleansBA new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating rubbish. When this project is completed, rubbish will be processed(处理) like this: First, it will pass through sharp metal spikes(尖状物) which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that crushers and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets(磁铁) which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will be then sorted out in the final stage.The first full- scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, years away. But in some big industrial areas, where rubbish has been dumped for so long that there are no holes to fill up with rubbish, these new automatic recycling plants may be built sooner. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.61Crushers and rollers are used to _-Aremove the sharp metal objectsBreduce items to small piecesCseparate the light elementsDtear open the plastic bags62Among the problems big cities are facing, the basic one is that _.Athere are too many holes Bthere is a labor shortageCmoving rubbish to faraway dumps is too costlyDfinding a new way for recycling is difficultCEvery animal is a living radiator(散热器)heat formed in its cells is given off through its skin. Warm-blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by constantly replacing lost surface heat; smaller animals, which have more skin for every ounce of body weight, must produce heat faster than bigger ones. Because smaller animals burn fuel faster, scientists say that they live faster.The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring the rate at which it uses oxygen. A chicken, for example, uses one-half cubic centimeter of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. The tiny shrew uses four cubic centimeters of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. Because it uses oxygen eight times as fast, it is said that the mouselike shrew is living eight times as fast as the chicken. The smallest of the warm-blooded creatures, the hummingbird, lives a hundred times as fast as an elephant.There is a limit to how small a warm-blooded animal can be. A mammal or bird that weighted only two and a half grams would starve to death. It would burn up its food too rapidly and would not be able to eat fast enough to supply more fuel.63Warm-blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by _.Aregulating the amount of heat produced Bstoring heat in their body cellsCcontrolling the amount of heat given off Dconstantly replacing lost surface heat64The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring _.Athe amount of food it eats Bthe rate at which it uses oxygenCthe amount of oxygen it usesDits body temperature65The amount of oxygen an animal uses depends on _.Aits body weightBthe food it eatsCits general size and shapeDthe length of time it lives66Form the selection, we can infer that _.Athe hummingbird lives faster than any other warm-blooded creatureBthere is no limit as to how large a warm-blooded animal can be.Csmall animals have less skin for their body weight than large ones .Dthe hummingbird is the smallest animal in the world.DChildren have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They dont care much about who wins or loses, and it doesnt seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is a game in itself.Grown-ups can hardly find childrens games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss some one he has caught.It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and, more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.67What is true about children when they play games?AThey can stop playing at any time they like. BThey can test their personal abilities.CThey want to pick a better team. DThey dont need rules.68To become a leader in a game the child has to _.Aplay wellBwait for his turnCbe confident in himselfDbe popular among his playmates69What do we know about grown-ups?AThey are not interested in games. BThey find childrens games easy.CThey dont need a reason to play games. DThey dont understand childrens games.70Why does a child like playing games?ABecause he can be someone other than himself.BBecause he can become popular among friends.CBecause he finds he is always lucky in games.DBecause he likes the place where he places a game.71The writer believes that _.Achildren should make better rules for their gamesBchildren should invite grown-ups to play with themCchildrens games can do them a lot of good Dchildren play games without reasonsEAfter the age of sixteen, the number of brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. We know that in certain types of activity, the human brain is at its peak(高峰) in the early twenties, when it has collected enough information to be able to use the vast number of cells freely in the most effective way. Pure mathematics is one of the fields in which this happens, and we know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging them.But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perhaps one) experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important; and that is wisdom; one can have a very quick, inventive brain and plenty of experience, but if one uses these foolishly, one harms both oneself and others. Wisdom does not always come with agethere are plenty of foolish middleaged people aboutbut the average person tends to learn wisdom as he gets older, usually by making painful of embarrassing mistakes.Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible; and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through go get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature; how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff(空想旳东西) about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate (准确) observation of human nature, but which is basically a waste of time because it is not.72According to the writer, the great discoveries made by Albert Einstein were mainly a result in _. Ayears of hard work Bsharpness of the brainCrich experienceDhis deep understanding of the nuture73Some people achieve success much later in life because _.A.their work often requires much experience Bthey do not have a chance to show their talentCthey have to learn lessons from failuresDthey fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work74The importance of wisdom lies in the fact that _.Ait helps to avoid various mistakes Bit contributes to ones creativityCit encourages one to go forward in face of difficultyDit provides the right direction of efforts75The writer came to believe that _.Ait is always a waste of time to make plans about the futureBit is human nature to make attempts on what looks impossibleCone should always challenge the impossible to push the society forwardDone has to use wisdom in deciding what is the best thing to do 56.D 57.C 58.D 59.A 60.B 61.B 62.C 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.A 67.A 68.B 69.B 70.A 71.C 72.B 73.A 74.D 75.D一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一