必修四第一单元知识和语法讲解

人教新课标 必修 4 Unit 1 知识点讲解 重点词汇重点词汇 1 achieve 课文原句 She has achieved everything she wanted to do P3 名师点拨 achieve v 意为 完成 达到 指经过长期努力而达到某目标 地位或标准 等 其名词形式为 achievement 意为 成就 功绩 a sense of achievement 可指 成就感 如 He had finally achieved success Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement 2 condition 课文原句 She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education P1 名师点拨 condition 意为 环境 境况 条件 时 是可数名词 常用复数形式 conditions 意为 状态 状况 时 是不可数名词 be in good condition 表示 处于良好 的状态 be out of condition 表示 健康状况不佳 如 We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness My car is old but in good condition He is overweight and out of condition 知识拓展 condition 意为 条件 时 常用短语 on condition that 表示 如果 在 条件下 在美国英语中 也经常用 under the condition that 如 I will come on condition that Peter is invited They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly 3 devote 课文原句 She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children P1 名师点拨 devote vt 意为 投入于 献身 其宾语后常与介词 to 搭配 to 后接名词 代词或动名词 devote to 意为 献身 致力于 指把自己 时间 精力等奉献给某 种工作或事业 如 He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind The girl to whom he was devoted died in a traffic accident by chance After he has retired he will devote himself to gardening 4 behave 课文原句 Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans P2 名师点拨 behave vi vt 意为 举动 举止 行为表现 如 behave well badly 等 其 名词形式为 behaviour 指 行为 态度 举止 如 The parents encouraged the children to behave well in front of the guests My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired Everyone praises the children s good behaviour 5 worthwhile 课文原句 But the evening makes it all worthwhile P2 名师点拨 worthwhile adj 意为 值得做的 值得出力的 可作表语或定语 be worthwhile to do doing sth 表示 值得做 在动词 ing 形式的结构中 worthwhile 有 时可以用来替代 worth 特别是在表示 值得花时间 这一概念时 如 I think teaching school is always a worthwhile job The book referred to by the professor is worthwhile worth reading 6 observe 课文原句 Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities P2 名师点拨 observe vt 意为 观察 观测 遵守 可用 observe sb do sth observe that 从句 其名词形式为 observation 如 I observed the man who murdered the boy enter the shop He observed that we should probably have rain Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals behaviour 7 argue 课文原句 She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements P2 名师点拨 argue 作动词时 意为 争论 争吵 争辩 argue for 意为 为 辩护 argue with sb about over sth 指 就某事和某人争论 argue against 意为 据理反对 争 辩 如 It is no use arguing for the plan because it has been rejected We are always arguing with each other about money Father argued fiercely against any increase in expenditure for the children s annual party 知识拓展 argue 的名词形式为 argument 意为 争论 争端 论证 常构成短语 settle an argument 指 解决争端 9 care for 课文原句 It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies by following some rules for keeping babies clean and healthy P6 名师点拨 care for 可以表示 look after 的意思 意为 照顾 照料 且较正式 也可表 示 喜欢 的意思 如 His son cared for him when he was ill In fact I don t really care for basketball 另外 在上面的句子中 explain 意为 解释 说明 后可接名词 代词 从句或 wh to do 作宾语 可用 explain sth to sb 或 explain to sb sth 如 Will you explain to us how we can finish the work as soon as possible 知识拓展 care about 意为 介意 在乎 表示是否认为某事是重要的 某事是否引起 了某人的兴趣或使其忧虑 最常用于疑问句或否定句中 about 用在宾语前面 但是在连词 前面一般省掉 I don t care about your opinion I don t care whether it rains I m happy 10 intend 课文原句 I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended for women who lived in the countryside P6 名师点拨 intend v 意为 打算 计划 想要 intend to do sth 意为 想干某事 intend 后也可以接动词 ing 形式或 that 从句 intend for 表示 原打算给某人 准备让 干 如 I intended to come to your house last night but it rained I intend coming to come back soon He hadn t really intended that they should be there This gift is intended for you 热点语法热点语法 主谓一致用法难点小结 一 集合名词作主语时的主谓一致 1 集合名词有 family team group party class public club crew crowd enemy audience company committee government population 等 当被看作一个整体时 表示单数意义 谓 语动词用单数形式 如果这些集合名词指其中的每个成员 表示复数意义 谓语动词则用 复数形式 即谓语动词的单复数要与主语的含义相一致 如 My class is a big one including thirty boys and thirty girls My class are working hard for the coming exam 2 有些集合名词作主语时 谓语只能用复数形式 如 people the police the military mankind cattle 等 如 The police are searching for the lost child 二 不定代词作主语时的主谓一致 不定代词 anyone anybody anything everyone everybody everything someone somebody no one nobody nothing each the other 等作主语时 谓语动词用单数 如 Everything goes well with me Each of the students in our class has an English Chinese dictionary 三 名词 名词 作主语时的主谓一致 当表示同一人物或观点时 谓语动词用单数 如 A novelist and playwright is coming to our school 这里表示 一位小说家兼剧作家 是同一个人 所以谓语动词用单数 如果是 A novelis