直接引语和间接引语表格对照

1 直接引语和间接引语相关表格直接引语和间接引语相关表格 一 直接引语和间接引语的概念 类别 比较 直接引语间接引语 定义直接引用别人的原话用自己的话转述别人的话 不同点直接引语前后要加引号间接引语不用引号 相同点直接引语和间接引语都是宾语从句 由祈使句转化而来的间接引语除外 例句Tom said I m afraid that I can t finish the work Mary told me that she would leave for London the next morning 二 直接引语变间接引语的时态规律 1 直接引语变间接引语的时态变化 种类 条件 直接引语 间接引语 例句 一般现在时 一般过去时 He insisted I m the happiest father all over the world He insisted that he was the happiest father all over the world 现在进行时 过去进行时 John explained I m operating the washing machine now John explained that he was operating the washing machine then 现在完成时 过去完成时 The woman exclaimed I has lost control of my son The woman exclaimed that she had lost control of her son 一般过去时 过去完成时 Old Ben said I experienced the well known civil war Old Ben said that he had experienced the well known civil war 过去完成时 过去完成时 Carla answered I had passed the driving test last year Carla answered that she had passed the driving test the year before 一般将来时 过去将来时 Little Tony promised I ll finish my homework on time Little Tony promised that he would finish his homework on time must had to must The boss shouted All of you must leave here at once The boss shouted that all of them had to must leave here at once can may could might Joy whispered I may not obey your direction at this time Joy whispered that she might not obey my direction at that time 间接引语谓 语变化 主句中谓 语动词的时 态是过去时 shall will should would The teacher required You shall depend on yourself on the way to success The teacher required that we should depend on myself on the way to success 2 2 直接引语变间接引语的时态不变 条件 种类 a 直接引语的性质例句 表示客观 永恒的真理 规 律或格言时 The teacher said Everything has two sides just like a coin The teacher said that everything has two sides just like a coin 表示习惯性 反复性的动作 或状态时 My father always has a cup of milk after supper said Ann Ann said that her father has a cup of milk after supper 表示谈话时动作仍然在继续 时 Tony introduced Both of my sisters are English teachers Tony introduced that both of his sisters are English teachers 表示过去完成时态的概念时The minister recognized I hadn t realized the seriousness before the eruption of violence The minister recognized that he hadn t realized the seriousness before the eruption of violence 表示明确的过去时间概念时 The engineer said I started to work here in 1980 The engineer said that he started to work there in 1980 表示含有 when while since 等从句时 When I was a bay I often went fishing in this river said Dad Dad said that when he was a boy he often went fishing in this river 表示含有 wish would rather it s time 等虚拟概念时 Little Mike said I wish I knew the keys before examination Little Mike said that he wish he knew the keys before examination 表示含有 must had better need should would 等情态动 词 组 时 My mother persuaded You had better ask your father for help My mother persuaded that I had better ask my father for help b 主句的性质例句 间接引 语谓语 不变 主句中谓语动词的时态是现 在时或将来时 The pitiful girl says I will never forget those warm hearted people The pitiful girl says that she will never forget those warm hearted people 三 直接引语变间接引语的代词 状语 动词的变化规律 3 todaythat day this morningthat morning tonightthat night tomorrowthe next following day yesterdaythe day before last nightthe night before the day before yesterdaytwo days before agobefore nextthe next following 地点状语herethere comego 陈述句 方向性动词 bringtake 直接引语是特殊疑问 句 实义动词sayask 四 直接引语与间接引语的人称的变化规律 类型直接引语变间接引语间接引语变直接引语 规 律 一变主 二变宾 三不变同主变一 同宾变二 不同不变 定 义 a 直接引语的引号内的第一人称改为引号外 主句的主语 b 直接引语的引号内的第二人称改为引号外 主句的宾语 c 直接引语的引号内的第三人称不变 a 间接引语的宾语从句中的人称代词和主句 的主语一致 则直接引语的人称代词改为 第一人称 b 间接引语的宾语从句的人称代词和主句的 宾语一致 则直接引语的的人称代词改为 第二人称 c 间接引语的宾语从句的人称代词和主句的 主语 宾语都不一致 则直接引语的的人 称不变 例 句 Tom said to Jenny I and your brother will go to Paris for the summer vocation with his private plane Tom told Jenny that he and her brother would go to Paris for the summer vocation with his private plane Uncle Alfred asked me if I had entered the office with his son the day before Uncle Alfred asked me Had you entered the office with my son the day before 4 释 例 a 引号内的第一人称 I 改为引号外主句的主语 Tom he b 引号内的第二人称 your 改为引号外主句的 宾语 Jenny s her c 引号内的第三人称 his 不变 a 间接引语的宾语从句中的人称代词 his 和主 句的主语 Uncle Alfred 一致 则直接引语的 人称代词改为第一人称 my b 间接引语的宾语从句中的人称代词 I 和主句 的宾语一致 则直接引语的人称代词改为 第二人称 you 注意单 复数和主 宾 所有格仍然保留与原人称一致 五 不同类型的直接引语变为间接引语的规律 直接引语的类型间接引语的变化例句 陈述句间接引语的引导词 that 可以省略 主句的 引述词有 say tell report answer reply explain announce think 等 主句一般位于 句首 间接引语用陈述句语序 I m leaving for Tokyo on business tomorrow Mr Smith said me Mr Smith told me that he was leaving for Tokyo on business the next day 一般疑问句 由 if whether 引导从句 He said to me Do you often go to the cinema He asked me whether I often went to the cinema 反意疑问句 由 if whether 引导从句 Jake said You have seen such a lovely sight haven t you Jake asked me whether I had seen such a lovely sight 选择疑问句 由 whether or 引导从句 I asked my son Will you stay at home or go with us I asked my son whether he would stay at home or go with us 疑问句间接引 语必须 将疑问 句语序 变为陈 述句语 序 句 末用句 号 主 句的引 述词由 say 改为 ask 特殊疑问句 由原来的疑问词引导从句 Students asked When will we attend the sports meeting Students asked when they would attend the sports meeting 祈使句间接引语必须将肯定或否定祈使句的谓语 动词相应地变为肯定或否定的不定式 主 句的引述词由