高二英语第二单元(news-media)教案-【本章重点难点】

本章重点难点本章重点难点 HotHot wordswords andand hothot phrasesphrases 常用词与常用词组常用词与常用词组 1 It takes a very usual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious P 1 动词 undertake 及形容词 obvious 的用法 2 Each group member represents a branch of science P 2 动词 represent 及名词 branch 的用法 3 Scan the text to answer the following questions P 3 动词 scan 的词义及用法 4 Imagine this you are twenty one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world P 3 promising 在此句中的意思 graduate 作动词 名词的用法 5 Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse P 3 动词 go by 的词义及用法 6 In fact things were going rather well for me and I had gotten engaged to a very nice girl Jane Wilde P 3 动词 engage 的词义及用法 7 Since then Hawking has continued to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe P 3 动词 seek 的词义及用法 8 Scientists know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong P 4 动词短语 turn out 的词义及用法 9 First they carefully observe what they are interested in P 4 动词 observe 的词义及用法 10 Finally the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can predict future events P 4 动词 match 和 predict 的词义及用法 11 The Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei was so curious that he invented both a microscope P 7 形容词 curious 的词义及用法 12 By asking why how and what if curious minds find new ideas and solutions P 7 名词 solution 的词义与用法 13 We must also believe in what we do even when others don t P 7 动词词组 believe in 与 believe 的词义及用法的区别 LanguageLanguage pointspoints andand grammargrammar focusfocus 语言点与语法重点语言点与语法重点 A A LanguageLanguage pointspoints 语言点语言点 1 There did not seem much point in working on my PhD I did not expect to survive that long P 3 句型 There be point in doing sth 的句意 that 用作副词的词义及用法 2 Hawking became famous in the early 1970s when he and American Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Bang black holes P 3 when 用作并列连词时的词义及用法 3 Science on the other hand Hawking writes know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong P 4 词组 on the other hand 的词义及用法 4 People who listen to Hawking s lectures sometimes find it difficult to understand him P 4 代词 it 用作形式宾语时的各种用法 5 Everyone has his or her special skills and interests and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference P 7 当 only 引导状语处于句首时 主句要用倒装的语序 B B GrammarGrammar focusfocus 语法重点语法重点 1 The simple passive form of the infinitives 不定式被动语态的一般形式的内涵及用法 2 Four functions of the infinitives used as attribute object and adverbial 用作主语 定语 宾语和状语的不定式的四种功能的用法 SkillsSkills ofof thethe fourfour essentialessential abilitiesabilities listeninglistening speakingspeaking readingreading andand writingwriting 听 说 听 说 读 写四项基本能力的学习技巧读 写四项基本能力的学习技巧 1 Listening Have a good understanding of a long dialogue by grasping the reason why an event happens 掌握某事发生的原因 很好理解一段较长对话 2 Speaking Talk about science and scientists 谈论科学与科学家 3 Reading How to grasp the core of a very long sentence 如何抓住一个长句的核心 4 Writing How to write a descriptive passage 如何写一篇描述性的短文 难点解析难点解析 HotHot wordswords andand hothot phrasesphrases 常用词与常用词组常用词与常用词组 1 1 ItIt takestakes a a veryvery unusualunusual mindmind toto undertakeundertake thethe analysisanalysis ofof thethe obviousobvious P l P l 译文 分析明显存在的事情需要非凡的头脑 讲解讲解 undertake undertook undertaken 有两个意思 to take up or start on or a piece of work esp one that is difficult or need effect 担任 职位 着手 艰苦工作等 后常用名词 代词作其宾语 to promise or agree 答应 同意 后加不定式或 that 从句作宾语 例句例句 She undertook responsibility for the accident 她承担了这次事故的责任 He undertook to pay back the money within 2 months He undertook that he would pay back the money within 2 months 他答应两个月之内还钱 He undertook to be here by 10 o clock He undertook that he would be here by 10 o clock 他答应 10 点前到达 讲解讲解 本句中出现的另一个词 obvious 为形容词 意为 显而易见的 明显的 obviously adv 显而易 见地 这类形容词如用定冠词 表示一类事物或人 又如 the rich 富人 the disabled 残疾人 例句例句 It is obvious that mastering the English language is a must in international trade 很显然 在国际贸易中 掌握英语是必要的 He is obviously mad It is obvious that he is mad 很显然他疯了 2 2 EachEach groupgroup membermember representsrepresents a a branchbranch ofof sciencescience P 2 P 2 译文 每组成员代表着一个科学分支 讲解讲解 represent vt 意为 代表 作此义讲时 它的同义词是 stand for 但 stand for 不可用于被 动语态 例句例句 She represented president in the conference 在会议上她代表总统 In Chemistry O represents Oxygen 在化学中 O 代表氧元素 The rose represents England 玫瑰花是英国的象征 Our company is represented in China by Mr Smith 史密斯先生是我公司在中国的代理 讲解讲解 branch 名词 原意为 树枝 引申义为 河流的 支流 铁路的 支线 家族的 分支 公司的 分 店 分公司 组织的 支部 等 例句和例词例句和例词 His uncle s branch of the family moved to Shanghai last year 在他们这个家族中 他叔叔的那一支去年搬到上海了 The bank has branches in all parts of the country 该银行在全国各地都有分行 3 3 ScanScan thethe texttext toto answeranswer thethe followingfollowing questionsquestions P 3 P 3 译文 浏览课文 回答下列问题 讲解讲解 scan scanned scanned vt glance at e g a document quickly but not very thoroughly 匆匆而粗略地看 文件等 略读 例句例句 She scanned the newspaper over breakfast 她吃着早餐把报纸大致地读了一遍 She scanned the list of names to see if hers was on it 她扫了一下名单 看自己的名字是否在上面 4 4 ImagineImagine thisthis youyou areare twenty onetwenty one yearsyears oldold andand a a promisingpromising graduategraduate studentstudent atat oneone ofof thethe toptop universitiesuniversities inin thethe worldworld P 3 P 3 译文 想象一下 你 21 岁 是世界一所顶尖大学的一名很有希望的大学毕业生 讲解讲解 promising 形容词意为 大有希望的 有出息的 有前途的 该词是 promise 的同源词 promise 作动词或名词时 除了我们较熟悉的 允诺 诺言 还有其他意思 作动词时 promise 还有 预示 的意 思 作名词时还有 有 指望 有 前途 的意思 例句例句 All of you are promising if you learn English well 如果你们学好英语 你们非常有前途 The results of the first experiment are very promising 第一次试验结果充满了希望 It s a promising sign 那是一个很好的迹象 It promises to be warm this afternoon 今天下午有望变暖 The clear sky promises fine weather 晴朗的天空预示着好天气 讲解讲解 graduate 在此句中为名词 意为 毕业生 当你步入大学校门 一年级时 你被称为 freshman 大二时 被称为 sophomore 大三时 被称为 junior 大四时 被称为 senior 当你已基本完成学 业 但尚未取得学士学位时 被称为 undergraduate 拿到学士学位后 又继续上硕士或博士 那你就被称为 postgraduate graduate 作名词时有时也可指硕士或博士研究生 graduate 作动词时 意为 毕业 后加 介词 from at 学校 加介词 in 专业 加介词 with 学位 例句和例词例句和例词 a graduate nurse 一名护士学校毕业的学生 a graduate student 一名研究生 He graduated in law at Oxford 他毕业于牛津大学法学专业 He graduated from Beijing University with a Doctor s degree in history 他毕业于北京大学 获得史学博士学位 5 5 YetYet twotwo yearsyears hadhad gonegone byby andand I I waswas notnot thatthat muchmuch worseworse P 3 P 3 译文 然而两年过去了 我的情况却不是那样糟糕 讲解讲解 go by 有三个词义 to pass in place or time 时光 流逝 经过 某处 be guided by 依照 遵循 依据 办事 to judge by 根据 作出判断 作上面 词义讲时不用被动语态 例句例句 A car went by 一辆汽车驶过 As time goes by passes all of you have grown into big boys or big girls With time going by passing all of you have grown into big boys or big girls 随着时光的流逝 你们都长成大小伙子 大姑娘了 Don t go by that old map it might be out of date 别用那张旧地图 它可能过时了 He always goes by the rules 他总是循规蹈矩 Going by Judging by her clothes she must be very rich 根据她的衣着判断 她一定有钱 6 6 InIn factfact thingsthings werewere goinggoing ratherrather wellwell forfor meme andand I I hadhad gottengotten engagedengaged toto a a veryvery nicenice girlgirl JaneJane WildeWilde P 3 P 3 译文 事实上 事情发展得还挺顺利 我和一位非常好的女孩简 怀尔德订了婚 讲解讲解 get engaged to sb 意为 与某人订婚 注意 get 为瞬间动词 意为 变成 所以 get engaged to sb 不可与表一段时间的时间状语连用 表一段时间时 可用 be engaged to sb get be married to 与某人结婚 也是如此 牢记本短语的介词 to 不要受汉语影响 误记为 with 例句例句 Tom got engaged to Mary 3 weeks ago 汤姆和玛丽三周前订了婚 Tom has been engaged to Mary for 3 weeks It is 3 weeks since Tom got engaged to Mary 汤姆和玛丽订婚三周了 7 7 SinceSince thenthen HawkingHawking hashas continuedcontinued toto seekseek answersanswers toto questionsquestions aboutabout thethe naturenature ofof thethe universeuniverse P 3 P 3 译文 自从那时 霍金就一直探求关于宇宙本质问题的答案 讲解讲解 seek sought sought seeking seek to do sth attempt to do sth try to do sth do as much as sb can to do sth do as much as possible to do sth do what sb can to do sth make an effort to sth spare no effort to do sth 设法 试图 做某事 seek sth 寻找 征求 谋求 追求 seek after 追求 企图得到 seek for 寻求 寻找 seek one s fortune 外出找出路 例句例句 We should constantly seek advice from the masses 我们应不断地听取群众的意见和建议 These books were eagerly sought after 这些书很畅销 They encouraged her to seek for new ways of doing her experiments 他们鼓励她寻找新的实验方法 We sought to change her mind but she refused 我们试图改变她的主意 但是她拒绝了 8 8 Scientists knowScientists know thatthat theirtheir jobjob isis nevernever finishedfinished andand thatthat eveneven thethe bestbest theorytheory cancan turnturn outout toto bebe wrongwrong P 4 P 4 译文 科学家们 知道他们的工作永远不会结束 甚至认为即使最好的理论也可能被证实是错误的 讲解讲解 turn out 有三个意思 produce 生产 培养 prove 被证实 to come out or gather as if for a meeting public events etc 群体出动 作 被证实 讲常用 turn out to be adj noun 或 It turn out that 从句 两种句型 例句例句 This factory can turn out 200 cars a day 这家工厂一天可生产 200 辆汽车 This school has turned out some first class scholars 这所学校培养出了一些一流学者 The party turned out a success successful It turned out that the party was a success successful The party proved a success successful It proved that the party was a success successful The party work out very well 这台晚会结果开得很成功 The whole village turned out to welcome him 整个村庄群体出动来欢迎他 9 9 FirstFirst theythey carefullycarefully observeobserve whatwhat theythey areare interestedinterested inin P 4 P 4 译文 首先 他们对自己感兴趣的事情进行仔细观察 讲解讲解 observe vt If you observe someone or something you watch them carefully especially in order to learn something about them If you observe someone or something you see or notice them If you observe something such as a law or custom you obey it or follow it 例句例句 Did you observe anything unusual in his behavior 你注意到他的行为有什么不寻常吗 I observed that they were late 我注意到他们迟到了 The police observed him entering enter the bank with a shotgun 警察看到他带着猎枪进入了银行 Do you observe Christmas 你有过圣诞节的习俗吗 1010 FinallyFinally thethe scientistsscientists testtest thethe theorytheory toto seesee ifif itit matchesmatches whatwhat theythey havehave seenseen andand ifif itit cancan predictpredict futurefuture eventsevents P 4 P 4 译文 最后 科学家们对这项理论作了试验 目的在于了解这项理论是否与他们所见一致 以及它是否可 以预见未来的事情 讲解讲解 match v 意为 和 相一致 和 相匹配 匹配 be equal to or find an equal for 比得过 敌得过 例句或例词例句或例词 The curtain doesn t match the paint The curtain and the paint don t match 这窗帘和油漆不搭 配 a matching skirt and sweater 相配衬的裙子和毛衣 well matched husband and wife 十分匹配的夫妻 Why not buy some tapes to match go with your book 为什么不买些磁带和你的书配套呐 His latest films don t match his previous ones 他最近的电影不能与以前的媲美 讲解讲解 predict vt say in advance that sth will happen forecast 预言某事将发生 预报 预告 例句例句 He predicted that the terrorists would attack the USA 他预言恐怖分子会袭击美国 The earthquake had been predicted several months before 这次地震早在几个月前就发布了预告 It is impossible to predict who will win 1111 TheThe ItalianItalian astronomerastronomer GalileoGalileo GalileiGalilei waswas soso curiouscurious thatthat hehe inventedinvented bothboth a a microscope P 7 microscope P 7 译文 意大利天文学家伽利略如此好奇 以至于他发明了显微镜和 讲解讲解 If you are curious about something you are interested in it and want to know more about it If something is curious it is unusual or difficult to understand 其同源名词是 curiosity 例句例句 I am curious about as to what happened 我很想知道发生了什么事 They were curious to know where he had gone 他们好奇地想知道他去了哪 It is curious that he left without saying good bye 真奇怪 他不辞而别了 1212 ByBy askingasking whywhy howhow andand whatwhat ifif curiouscurious mindsminds findfind newnew ideasideas andand solutionssolutions P 7 P 7 译文 通过自问事情出现的原因 方式及如果某事发生结果会如何等问题 这些好奇的哲人发现了一些新 的观点和一些新的解决问题的方法 讲解讲解 solution 可数名词 an answer to a difficulty or a problem 解决 解答 解法 解决方法 其 动词形式为 solve 另外 solution 作不可数名词时还有 溶解 的意思 作 溶液 溶剂 讲时 即可作可数 名词又可作不可数名词 例句或例词例句或例词 It is very difficult to find a solution to the problem 找出解决此问题的方法太难了 I have bought another dictionary which is the solution of all the problems 我又买了一本字典 这样一切问题解决了 We must spare no effort to solve the problem 我们必须全力以赴解决这个问题 sugar in solution in water 溶于水的糖 1313 WeWe mustmust alsoalso believebelieve inin whatwhat wewe dodo eveneven whenwhen othersothers don tdon t P 7 P 7 译文 即使别人不相信 我们自己也要相信自己所做的事情 讲解讲解 believe 指相信某人说的话或相信某事是真实的 其后可以接名词 宾语从句 名词 不定式 当 believe 为被动语态时 其后只能跟不定式结构 believe in 指相信某人或某物的本质或特性 后常跟真理 宗教一类的词 例句例句 I believe his words him what he said 我相信他的话 I believe in keeping early hours 我相信早睡早起是好的 He doesn t believe in God 他不相信上帝的存在 I don t believe in him 我不信任他的为人 品质 LanguageLanguage pointspoints andand grammargrammar focusfocus 语言点与语法重点语言点与语法重点 A A LanguageLanguage pointspoints 语言点语言点 1 1 ThereThere diddid notnot seemseem muchmuch pointpoint inin workingworking onon mymy PhDPhD I I diddid notnot expectexpect toto survivesurvive thatthat longlong P 3 P 3 译文 取得博士学位对我来说没有什么意义 我没有期望活那么久 讲解讲解 point 在此处为不可数名词 意为 purpose advantage use 目的 好处 用途 后面加 in 或 of 名词 代词 动名词 No point of doing something No useful purpose would be served by doing it 即 做某事没什么用处 例句例句 If we have finished our work there is no point in staying any longer we may as well go home 如果我们完成了工作 就没有必要再呆下去 我们还不如回家 I cannot see the point in trying to persuade him he ll never change his mind 我看劝他没用 他不会改变主意的 讲解讲解 that 在此处为副词 非正式用语 一般用于疑问句或否定句 意为 so to such a degree 那么 那样 到那种程度 this 也有类似的用法 例句例句 It wasn t that good actually it was quite good but not very good 它实际上没那么好 We haven t see all that much of her recently 我们最近没有怎么见过她 Can hard work change a person that much 艰苦工作能使人有如此大的变化吗 You don t look that old 你看上去没那么老 2 2 HawkingHawking becamebecame famousfamous inin thethe earlyearly 1970s1970s whenwhen hehe andand AmericanAmerican RogerRoger PenrosePenrose mademade newnew discoveriesdiscoveries aboutabout thethe BigBig BangBang blackblack holesholes P 3 P 3 译文 霍金是 20 世纪 70 年代成名的 他和美国人罗杰 彭罗斯发现了宇宙大爆炸和黑洞的理论 讲解讲解 when 在此句中不是从属连词 当 的时候 的意思 这里 when 是并列连词 有人也称之为等立 连词 意为 and at this that time 就在这 那时 中学常见的句型有 be doing sth when 某人 正在做某事 这时 be about to do sth when 某人刚要做某事 这时 have just done sth when 某人刚做完某事 这时 例句例句 We were having dinner when the telephone rang 我们在吃饭 这时电话响了 We had just finished our work when he came in 我们刚干完活 这时他进来了 We were about to go when the telephone rang 我们刚要走 这时电话响了 3 3 ScienceScience onon thethe otherother handhand HawkingHawking writeswrites knowknow thatthat theirtheir jobjob isis nevernever finishedfinished andand thatthat eveneven thethe bestbest theorytheory cancan turnturn outout toto bebe wrongwrong P 4 P 4 译文 霍金写道 从另一个方面说 科学家知道他们的工作是永无止境的 即使是最完美的理论也可能是 错误的 讲解讲解 on the other hand 另一方面 用于对比 与 on the one hand 形成对比 即 on the one hand on the other hand 一方面 另一方面 指辩论 考虑 情况等 The Government seems to me to be inconsistent On the one hand they say they wish to reduce the cost of living and on the other hand they increase the duties on a number of essential articles 政府在我看来反复无常 他们一方面说 要降低生活费 另一方面又提高许多生活必需品的税收 In this country food is cheaper than in Britain clothing on the other hand is dearer 这个 国家的食品比英国便宜 但另一方面 衣着比英国贵 4 4 PeoplePeople whowho listenlisten toto Hawking sHawking s lectureslectures sometimessometimes findfind itit difficultdifficult toto understandunderstand himhim P 4 P 4 译文 听过霍金报告的人有时发现理解他的报告太难了 讲解讲解 it 除作代词外 还可用作引词 anticipatory 引词本身无实义 只起一种先行引导的作用 引词 it 不重读 它可用作形式主语 形式宾语 还可用于强调句型 现在让我们学习一下 it 作形式宾语的用法 1 真正宾语是不定式 e g I find it easy enough to get on with Pam it 指代 to get on with Pam 我觉得与 Pam 相处很容易 I d think it useful to learn computers it 指代 to learn computers 我认为学电脑有用 2 真正宾语是动名词 e g You must find it exciting working here it 指代 working here 你一定发现在此工作令人激动 I think it no use advising him to give up his plan it 指代 advising him to give up his plan 我认为建议他放弃计划没用 3 真正宾语是宾语从句 e g I think it best that you should stay here it 指代 that you should stay here 我认为你最 好留在这里 I took it for granted that you would stay with us it 指代 that you would stay with us 我以为 你当然会留在我们这里的 5 5 EveryoneEveryone hashas hishis oror herher specialspecial skillsskills andand interestsinterests andand onlyonly byby discoveringdiscovering whatwhat wewe dodo bestbest cancan wewe hopehope toto reachreach ourour goalsgoals andand trulytruly makemake a a differencedifference 译文 每个人都有自己的专长和兴趣 只有发现自己的专长 我们才能期望达到自己的目标 真正与众不 同 讲解讲解 当 only 引导状语处于句首时 主句要用倒装的语序 注意 1 当 only 引导非状语处于句首时 主 句不必用倒装的语序 2 当 only 引导状语处于句中或句末时 主句也不用倒装的语序 3 当 only 引导状语从 句处于句首时 要倒装主句的语序 千万不要倒装从句的语序 而忘了倒装主句 例句例句 Only in this way can we learn English well 只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语 Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work 只有在战争结束后 他才高高兴兴地返回工作 B B GrammarGrammar focusfocus 语法重点语法重点 1 The simple passive form of the infinitives 不定式被动态的一般形式的内涵及用法 2 Four functions of the infinitives used as subject attribute object and adverbial 用作主 语 定语 宾语和状语的不定式的四种功能的用法 本单元的语法项目是不定式的被动式 具体讲解如下 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时 不定式一般用被动形式 不定式被动形式在句中 可作主语 表语 状语 补语等 如 To be obeyed was natural to her 她生性让别人听命于她 作主语 The problem remained to be solved 这个问题还有待解决 作表语 It needs not to be said that they are very happy together 不必说他们在一起非常幸福 作宾语 There were plans to be made at once 要立即制定计划 作定语 He has returned only to be sent away again 他回来以后又被打发走了 作状语 The captain ordered the flag to be hoisted 船长命令升旗 作宾语补足语 The book is intended to be read and not to be torn 这书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的 作主语补足语 在某些句子中 不定式虽表被动 但仍用主动形式 如 What is to pay 要付多少钱 The reason is not far to seek 道理很浅显 He gave me some books to read 他给了我一些书读 We found the report easy to understand 我们发现这些报告很容易懂 不定式作主语 定语 宾语和状语的功能和用法讲解如下 由于不定式有名词 形容词和副词的特点 所以它在句中可做主语 表语 宾语 定语 同位语 状语 补语等 但由于时间关系 今天我只把不定式作主语 定语 宾语和状语的用法讲解一下 1 作主语 如 To see is to believe 眼见为实 To serve the people is our duty 为人民服务是我们的职责 在日常英语中 常用 it 作为语法上的主语 即形式主语 而将真正的主语放在后面 It is our duty to serve the people 为人民服务是我们的职责 2 作宾语 如 I couldn t afford to buy a new car 我买不起汽车 Have you decided to marry him 你决定嫁给他吗 有些动词常常跟不定式作宾语 它们是 want wish hate prefer hope continue manage try ask offer start forget remember begin decide agree choose learn pretend promise mean expect desire 等 另外 在一些复合宾语中 常用 it 代表不定式作为形式宾语 而将真正的宾语不定式放在后面 如 I thought it right to do this test 我认为做这项实验是对的 3 作定语 通常都置于被修饰名词或代词之后 如 This is the best way to solve this problem 这是解决这个问题的最好办法 I have a lot of work to do 我有许多工作要做 如果不定式和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系 且这个不定式是不及物动词 则它后面需有必要的介词 如 He is a good comrade to work with 他是一个很好共事的同志 There is nothing to think about 没什么值得考虑的 4 作状语 表示目的 结果 原因等 如 He went home to see his parents 他回家看望父母 表目的 I turned the radio down so as not to disturb you 我把收音机音量调小 以免打扰你 表目的 The problem is too hard to understand 这问题太难了 理解不了 表结果 What have I done