汤姆叔叔的小屋论文

哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文 论 汤姆叔叔的小屋 中黑奴汤姆悲剧的 必然性 学 生 姓 名 杨玉婷 指 导 教 师 奚新远 专 业 英 语 学 院 外语学院 2015 年 5 月 30 日 Harbin University of Commerce Graduation Thesis On the Inevitability of Uncle Tom s Tragedy StudentYang Yuting Supervisor Xi Xinyuan Specialty English Language School School of Foreign Languages May 30 2015 毕毕业业论论文文任任务务书书 姓名 杨玉婷学院 外语学院 班级 11 级 4 班专业 英语 毕业论文题目 On the Inevitability of Uncle Tom s Tragedy 论 汤姆叔叔的小屋 中黑奴汤姆悲剧的必然性 立题目的和意义 美国作家哈利特 比彻 斯托的代表作 汤姆叔叔的小屋 被誉为废奴小说的经 典 在小说所有的人物当中 黑奴汤姆叔叔这个人物给读者带来了巨大心灵震撼 一个友善 博爱 无私 忠诚和具有救赎精神的黑奴最后的结局居然是悲惨的死亡 汤姆的死亡给小说蒙上了一层浓厚的悲剧色彩 这个悲剧帮助斯托夫人成功地揭发 和控诉了美国南方蓄奴制的罪行 激发了人们对奴隶的同情和对奴隶制的憎恶 继 而把废奴运动推向了高潮 本文从社会 历史 汤姆叔叔本人的人物性格等多方面对汤姆叔叔悲剧产生的 必然性进行分析 来进一步深刻理解全文的主旨 奴隶制的罪恶 技术要求与工作计划 技术要求 1 调查语篇 途径查阅英汉习语相关资料 如互联网 图书馆等 2 分析文献 根据导师的指导 从查阅到的大量资料中筛选精品来重点分 析 3 在初稿的拟定以及多次修改当中深化对题目意义的理解 4 通过导师的指导和一系列的分析得出结论 并通过答辩来检验工作的成 果 工作计划 第一步 查找资料 确定论文选题 第二步 完成关于论文的调研 取得相关资料 第三步 根据掌握的调研资料 进行系统地分析 整理 找到问题切入点 第四步 阅读与论文相关的书刊 以及国家的各种统计数据 从理性上加 以分析 第五步 组织 整理相关资料 准备论文撰写 第六步 完成论文写作提纲 第七步 开始论文写作 形成初稿 第八步 根据导师提出的论文修改意见 完成论文写作 第九步 论文定稿 打印 装订 准备答辩 第十步 毕业论文答辩 时间安排 1 12 月 10 日前拟定出具体论文题目 与指导教师见面商议定题 2 12 月 15 日将详细提纲交送到导师处 3 12 月 23 日开题 4 1 月 1 日 4 月初收集资料 提交完整的初稿 5 4 月 20 日 中期检查 6 4 月 21 日 5 月末修改论文 7 5 月 30 日 定稿 打印装订 答辩 指导教师要求 1 严格按照与导师沟通过确定的论文选题 指导教师提出的技术要求 工作计划 和时间安排 独立完成论文写作任务 2 尽可能收集相关材料 理论联系实际 利用自己所收集到的材料及学到的知识 解决问题 3 论文写作应严格执行学校及学院的论文写作规范及规定 4 注明引文文献出处 杜绝抄袭 5 论据要充分 结构要完整 注意表达的准确性 签字 年 月 日 教研室主任意见 签字 年 月 日 院长意见 签字 年 月 日 毕毕业业论论文文审审阅阅评评语语 一 指导教师评语 指导教师签字 年 月 日 毕毕业业论论文文审审阅阅评评语语 二 评阅人评语 评阅人签字 年 月 日 毕毕业业论论文文答答辩辩评评语语及及成成绩绩 三 答辩委员会评语 四 毕业论文成绩 专业答辩组负责人签字 年 月 日 五 答辩委员会主任单位 签章 答辩委员会主任职称 答辩委员会主任签字 年 月 日 哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文 i 摘摘 要要 美国作家哈利特 比彻 斯托的代表作 汤姆叔叔的小屋 被誉为废奴小说的经典 在小说所有的人物当中 黑奴汤姆叔叔这个人物给读者带来了巨大心灵震撼 一个友 善 博爱 无私 忠诚和具有救赎精神的黑奴最后的结局居然是悲惨的死亡 汤姆的 死亡给小说蒙上了一层浓厚的悲剧色彩 通过以汤姆为代表的奴隶们的悲剧 斯托夫 人成功地揭发和控诉了美国南方蓄奴制的罪行 激发了人们对奴隶的同情和对奴隶制 的憎恶 继而把废奴运动推向了高潮 因此 小说被誉为美国南北战争的导火索之一 具有一定的历史地位 本文从社会 历史以及汤姆本人的人物性格分析着手 多方面探讨汤姆悲剧的必然 性 致力于全面深刻理解小说的主旨一奴隶制的罪恶 关键词关键词 哈利特 比彻 斯托 黑奴汤姆 奴隶制 悲剧 必然性 哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文 ii Abstract Uncle Tom s Cabin published in 1952 which was written by the Harriet Beecher Stowe the well known masterpiece of Mrs Stowe is the greatest anti slavery work of America in the 19th century Among all the characters in this work Uncle Tom who was full of kindness was the true hero in the history of American novels This work analyzes the characteristics of unselfishness loyalty kindness and generosity embodied in Uncle Tom who was a real believer in Christianity However such a kind man end up with a tragic death under merciless treatment of his slave owner in this novel the ending of Uncle Tom has made a strong tragic atmosphere throughout the whole novel which stresses the slave s miserable life under the unfair slavery system Tom s death which made the people in the south stand up to fight against the slavery sustained in the South of America This work also gave a true account of the miserable fate of the slaves in the South and woke up the sympathy of the white people to the black slaves In addition Tom s tragedy assists Mrs Stowe successfully in exposing and accuse the essence of the brutality of the slavery to the maximization and giving more criticisms to the slavery system finally pushing the movement of fighting against slavery system to the climax Keywords Uncle Tom s Cabin Uncle Tom tragedy inevitability slavery 哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文 iii Contents 摘 要 i Abstract ii Contents iii 1 Introduction 1 2 tragedy 3 2 1 The origin and development of tragedy 3 2 2 Uncle Tom s tragedy in the novel 5 3 Factors Leading to the Inevitability of Uncle Tom s Tragedy 7 3 1 slavery in world context 8 3 1 1 The long existence of slavery in world context 8 3 1 2 Slavery in American context 8 3 2 Religious beliefs of Tom 10 3 2 1 Uncle Tom s Obedience from His Religious beliefs 10 3 2 2 Uncle Tom s Christian Love for Humanity 11 3 3 Tom s characters 12 3 4 The failure of the slave owners to be a savior 15 Conclusion 17 Bibliography 18 Acknowledgments 19 哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文 1 1 Introduction Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811 1896 was one of the greatest figures in 19th century America writer was born in a ministerial family in Litchfield Connecticut on June 14 1811 Both her father and brother are well known minister in congregational church and latter she married Calvin Stowe a minister and professor so Mrs Stowe was deeply influenced by theology throughout her life and she had a distinct understanding to the Christianity culture Mrs Stowe was interested in literature when she was a little child Harriet s favorite room was her father s study She liked flipping through Lyman s books as he sat at his desk working on his Sunday sermons Many of the books were scholarly works on religion but there were a few that excited the girl s imagination She particularly liked the exotic stories in Lyman s volume of Arabian nights Sonnebom 2009 15 This novel Uncle Tom s Cabin by Mrs Stowe is the masterpiece of American emancipation literature in the middle of 19th century It flintily exposed the atrocity of helotism therefore people in the north were stirred by righteous wrath which led to the American Civil War in the 1960s This novel Uncle Tom s Cabin holds pretty high historical value and literature significance The Fugitive Slave Act passed in 1850 which announced that it is illegal for anyone in the United States to give assistance or support to runaway slave The novel served as a immediately response to the Fugitive Slave Act It strongly attacked this law and other institution it protected According to this act the Southern slaves who escaped to the North must flee to Canada to get the real freedom So in this novel Mrs Stowe kept calling for immediate emancipation of the black slaves and freedom to all people Uncle Tom s Cabin was widely accepted as one anti slavery novel which was one of the 哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文 2 blasting fuse caused American Civil War When Abraham Lincoln met Mrs Stowe in 1862 in White House he said so you re the little woman who wrote the book that caused this great war This novel by Stowe directly exposed the brutal essence of the southern slavery system and intensify the contradiction between the south and the north finally made the American Civil War The great success Stowe achieved no doubt is that it successfully aroused people s hatred toward slavery and sympathy to slaves In addition it is widely thought Uncle Tom s Cabin as an anti slavery literature eventually brought about the end of slavery In this novel Mrs Stowe through two clues described the miserable fates of the south slaves On the one hand the main characteristic Tom in this novel was a kind and loyalty black slave but he eventually was plunged into the abyss of death by the brutal slavery system and indifference of those slaves owners Tom s death was a miniature of miserable fate of other numerous slaves at that time On the other hand simultaneously Mrs Stowe represented another slave Eliza her fate was entirely different from Tom s because she chose to set herself against for her owner s decision that sell her son to another brutal owner Exactly her courage of resisting slavery system was out of natural mother love Finally the family of three people had got a happy ending Mrs Stowe came up with her proposal through this two different ending of slaves only slaves have the courage to resisting slavery can they get rid of the tragedy and have a good ending So this work undoubtedly is one anti slavery novel 哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文 3 2 Tragedy What is tragedy It is the first question we need to answer at the beginning of this chapter It is necessary for us to learn about the origin of the word tragedy and we need to understand tragedy just is an art form as well as many new forms like novel TV shows film etc In addition tragedy as the highest form of art can easily inspire the maximum emotion which combined with many kinds of complex feelings such as happiness encouragement excitement and sympathy All of these feelings can more easily strike people s soul and arouse their resonance from the bottom of their hearts This novel written by Mrs Stowe is in this kind of art form tragedy as a special art form which played a significant influence on arousing sympathy for miserable fates of the black slaves and vehement hatred of slavery system Finally we need to focus on the tragedy in this novel and make a deeper research on the theme 2 1 The Origin and Development of Tragedy Tragedy originated from Dionysian sacrificial ceremony in the ancient Greek It derives from a Greek word which means goat song Subjects are mostly taken from myth so as to reflect the real life and express their opinions on a variety of things Aristotle was the first person offered the definition of tragedy in his Poetics he said Tragedy then is an imitation of an action that is serious complete and of a certain magnitude He thinks that every tragedy will contain six elements they are plot character thoughts words image and songs He also said that tragedy is an imitation not of men but of an action and of life There are three of the most famous ancient Greek tragedy poets respectively are Aeschylus Sophocles and Euripides Who have different understandings about tragedy The first emerged is a famous playwright of three Aeschylus who was known as the the father of tragedy As a representative writer of the tragedy formation in ancient Greek because of his 哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文 4 destiny he regards fates as specific Gods and emphasizes that fates dominate everything including God s for example all characters in his trilogy known as The Oresteia consisting of three tragedies Agamemnon The Libation Bearers and The Eumenides together with Prometheus Bound are controlled by their different fates Aristotle s work had focused on the tragedy of fate and possessed a strong moral and religious meaning The second outstanding tragedians among the three is Sophocles He was good at writing tragedy wrote a total of more than 120 plays but now only seven existing in a complete form Ajax Antigone The Women of Trachis Oedipus the King Electra Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus Sophocles had made a great contribution to the development of drama in Greek In his view the fate is an irresistible unknown ubiquitous and mysterious power but more important is the person with the spirit of free will and actively struggle to face such powerful force Therefore those heroes who dare to fight the fate are worthy of sympathy and praise although the final is a tragedy For instance Antigone and Oedipus the king the two tragedies are masterpieces of Sophocles which were a new interpretation for the development of tragedy Euripides among three tragedians who was the youngest one There are eighteen woks of him is still in complete survived in modern days Among these works it is no doubt that Hippolytus The Trojan Women Hecuba and the Phoenissae as famous representatives At times of Euripides tragedy as an art it has developed in a perfect form and in the hands of Euripides tragedy had experienced an innovation which different from predecessors Euripides tragedy is no longer around the hero of the most favorite but tragedies of ordinary people such as civilians slaves farmers taken from everyday life and the victims of the society even including the female who was for the first time became the focus of it in which Euripides demonstrated his great sympathy towards them and the adoption of language is common is very easy to understand but this is clearly greatly violate the traditional Greek 哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文 5 aesthetics so accompanied by the works of Euripides is often suspicion and blame Tragedy also had experienced a significant progress later So in modern time tragedy not only appeared in drama but also was presented in various forms in our life Although tragedy in literary work was known as an art form but in our daily life both sad things and those miserable fates can be called tragedy 2 2 Uncle Tom s Tragedy in the Novel Uncle Tom s Cabin as one anti slavery novel has achieved such a great success in literature world and had a significant influence on accelerating the abolishment of slavery system brought the brutality to the light and in exposing the essence of slavery society and indifference of slaves owners This novel caused concerns of all walks from all over the world because the writer Mrs Stowe showed us a heart shaking tragedy of Uncle Tom It is well known that the tragedy as the highest art form which really aroused the people s deeper sympathy to those poor slaves and indignation to slavery Uncle Tom we can easily found out throughout the whole article he was a kind loyalty warm hearted man above all he is a devout Christian but he eventually ended up with being tormented to death by his brutal slave owner Simon Legree Although Uncle Tom died but his tragedy had made others rethink themselves profoundly and ensured his dignity and nobleness in others hearts He becomes a tragic hero There is a proverb said in China virtue is its own reward but Tom s tragedy let us down his kindness and self sacrifice not be rewarded with happiness and good ending but death Tom s tragedy cannot was thought just as an individual tragedy it is also a tragedy of the society at that time Kind people should have a well off life and evils should be attached but under the brutal slavery system controlled this principle was subverted The eventually consequence was nobleness suffering tragedy Evils flee away from their deserved life and even used violence and power to oppress poor slaves Tom s nobleness doomed his ending 哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文 6 was tragic he extremely like the God with nobleness he toleranted and forgave anyone even those once hurt him deeply He chose to use his kindness and universal Christian love to redeem those slave owners soul escaped from the abyss of evils For instance Simon Legree a merciless and murderous looking man who owns a cotton plantation both Uncle Tom and Emmeline were bought by him as well as two other men He also has one slave woman Cassy In this new plantation Tom works laboriously and tries his best to help other black slaves one day Tom helps two other women slaves to finish their work The overseers see the slaves cooperating and report it back to Legree When Tom and other slaves come back Legree asks Tom to whip the women but Tom firmly and unhesitatingly refuses to do that His Christian love help him with his finally decision However his kindness not be rewarded with appreciation but be cruelly beaten In result Tom was dragged outside by the two overseers where they beat him nearly to death This even is an obviously example for showing Tom s tragedy Under the brutal slavery system controlled Tom s tragedy just was a miniature of a number of slaves tragedies which happened everyday in the American society this miserable phenomenon successfully and fully to expose the tragedy of the American society and the essence of the brutality of the slavery system and injustice of that time 3 Factors Leading to the Inevitability of Uncle Tom s Tragedy Uncle Tom s Cabin as one well known anti slavery novel by Mrs Stowe which had a great influence on people s soul with a tragic ending However what are those important 哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文 7 reasons to a large extent leading to the tragedy of Tom a man of kindness universal love honesty and Christian belief This chapter we will explore social context and history at that time Tom lived and his own characteristic to find out the factors that caused Tom s tragedy 3 1 Slavery in World Context slavery system was the absolutely necessary precondition in this novel Undoubtedly Uncle Tom s Cabin as an anti slavery work was finished under a social context with slavery system existence We are clear that slavery was the most important factor caused Tom s tragedy at that time Because slavery system has been carried out widely in most of places in the world and it was a worldly atmosphere that reinforced and compelled the emergence of America which eventually brought about the Tom s tragedy 3 1 1 The Long Existence of Slavery in World Context As we all known slavery system was a history prohibited prohibited or abolished by law but it still exists in the world now How was the slavery defined at the beginning of that time Professor Kevin Bales the leading scholar on the issue Allain 2008 239 whose research on slavery has been widely accepted estimated there are 27million people under slavery now Slavery as a social and economic relationship has never ceased to exist during recorded history but the form that it takes and its definition have evolved and changed Bales 2001 18 By researching some scholars opinions about slavery we can conclude that so called slavery form was thought that all the rights of those people were expropriated by any whose status or condition over them With the slavery evolving the slavery was given a new definition by Professor Bales the loss of free will where a person is forced through violence or the threat of violence to give up the ability to sell freely his or her own labor power Bales 2001 32 3 1 2 Slavery in American Context In this novel in order to expose slaves underlying evil Mrs Stowe has spent a lot of 哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文 8 time in exploring morally ambiguous forms of slavery Now however Stowe at last tears the mask of gentility off the slave system and shows what can happen when slaves live with cruel masters What s more Stowe offers an emotional appeal against slavery based on the power of shock and moral outrage Tom s death The comparison of Tom s kindness and his tragedy brought a heart shocking in readers American slave system formed in the seventeenth century the colonial creation period which was not destroyed by the fire of the civil war until 1860s The slave system was a very dark and cruel exploitation system which early existed in British colonies in North America This system combined servitude with ra