突破完形填空

一 高考完形填空题的命题趋势 完形填空 Cloze 又称综合填空 强调整体感知和对文章从语义上的整体把握 上海市中小学英 语课程标准 中提到高中阶段对于学生综合阅读的能力要求是 着重提高学生用英语获取信息和处理信息 分析问题和解决问题的能力 这就要求同学们不断提高整体阅读能力 从近年高考完形填空的命题趋势来看 阅读量在逐年提高 近两年阅读篇幅都在 250 字以上 且今年 高考改革将 16 道语法单选题改成两个语篇的语法填空后 又增加了同学们的阅读量 势必造成完形填空 题的答题时间减少 这在阅读难度及速度上都对同学们提出了更高的要求 另一方面 语篇中的生词量有增无减 除人名 地名和部分注释词外 开始出现不少高考词汇手册以 外的衍生词 合成词 如 footprint prehistory intelligence auto repair uneasy 等 需要同 学们注意平时关于词源词缀的积累 提高猜词能力 从句式角度来看 语篇中的长句在增多 句式更加灵 活多变 这就要求同学们在扎实的语法学习基础上学会剖析句子结构 捕捉关键信息 否则即使过了词汇 关 也难以正确理解文章内容 从近几年完形填空选项的设置上 我们不难发现 单纯考查语法的题目在减少 而对上下文理解考查 力度在加大 同学们必须通过寻找上下文隐含信息 感受语境 才能找出符合题意的选项 二 完形填空解题技巧 1 初读首句 领悟要点 一般而言 完型填空的短文首句通常不设空格 这有助于我们对文章的整体 认识 所以抓住开篇首句是十分必要的 有助于你更快地读懂文章大意 结合已有的背景文化知识 对整 篇文章进行推理 判断 2 通读全文 把握大意 如果贪图解题速度而只看空格前后 忽略对全文的把握 则容易偏离文章的 中心 势必无法从整体上把握全文概要 无法形成连贯的思路 反而影响解题速度 而把握好文章的主旨 我们就能围绕主旨阅读 预测 推理 判断 往往会收到事半功倍的效果 3 细读文章 结合语境 做出选择 在基本抓住文章的主旨后 需要细读文章 根据上下文的语境进 行选择 从近几年的高考完形填空题目中不难看出 上下文的语境有着极其重要地位 除此之外 仍然有 一部分题目考查词义辨析 搭配 以及语法 语言文化等 需要同学们注意平时的积累 4 复读全文 寻找线索 验证选项 做完一篇完形填空后 建议复读全文 在复读的过程中关注空格 前后相关的线索 根据复读的语感和对整篇文章的理解 再次推敲并验证选项正确与否 尽可能减少粗心 的错误 最后 同学们一定要保持良好的心态 如果遇到开篇首句偏难 一定要尽快调整心态 先易后难 或 者可以先做后面的阅读理解选择题 再回头做完形填空 切不可因此而影响到整场考试的发挥 我们在平 时训练中也需要注重这方面心理素质的锻炼 三 完形填空实例解析 1 寻找上下文的语义提示 例 1 Most countries including the United States have used a1 called the gross national product or GNP It includes all goods and 2 produced by citizens of the country anywhere in the world Economic experts say that the gross domestic product or GDP provides a truer measure of the economy It counts only goods and services that have been produced with the nation s borders 1 A measure B method C meter D account 2 A imports B products C things D services 根据上下文 第一题中 method 似乎也可以 但是在之后的文章中出现了一个 measure 来表示 衡量 经济的方法 由此可见 在本篇文章中 作者是倾向于用 measure 来表达的 故而答案应该是 第二题如果根据上下文的语义无法推断出答案 则可以在下文中找到线索 It counts only goods and services 由此可见 这道题的答案应该是 D 例 2 When hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans entire neighborhoods disappeared under20feet of water The destruction ranks as one of America s worst disasters but also one of the worst man made disasters A scientific B neutral C universal D natural 根据上下文 but also 提示上下文的关系应该是并列 根据后半句话提到的 the worst man made disasters 可推断前半句话与 man made 相对的词应该是选项 D natural 2 寻找上下文的搭配提示 例 3 80 of schools in Chicago have a fast food restaurant less than half a mile away raising 1 about how easy it is for kids to eat poorly and whether fast food companies are moving into the neighborhood 2 1 A attention B focus C sorrow D concerns 2 A on intention B in plan C in detail D on purpose 第一题中 根据上下文 提高了 似乎 attention 注意力 focus 关注焦点 concerns 关注 都可以 但是只有选项 D 可以和 about 搭配 concern about 答案就很清楚了 第二题中 根据上下文 故意 刻意将快餐店搬到学校附近 intention 意图 目的 purpose 目的 似乎都可以 但是通常 故意 刻意 的习惯表达是 by intention 或者是 on purpose 由此可见选项 D 是正确答案 3 寻找生活和语言 文化中的提示 例 4 According to a new study fast food companies are putting more and more of their near schools and contributing to the childhood obesity 肥胖症 NBC s Carl Quintanilla has more on this morning Carl good morning to you A shops B restaurants C offices D headquarters 根据上文中提到的 fast food companies 这一线索 结合生活常识可推断空格处所缺的应该和 fast food 有关的 应该是选项 B 例 5 For Christmas gifts people should try to remember is that we don t need as much stuff as we think The NWF suggests a list of service oriented gifts including massages baby sitting or something meaningful such as offering to spend time with someone old or sick A how B that C what D where 根据上下文 结合语法知识 这道题主要考查主语从句 缺少成份的 用 what 故答案是 C 跟上下 文的关系没那么密切 这就要求同学们掌握好语法 即使以后语法选择题这一题型取消了 但我们仍然有 可能需要运用到语法知识的时候 例 6 Peter Flowler plays the central character Alceste He is a man who has no consciousness of people s emotions He refuses to tell any of the small lies that are necessary in normal society A green B red C grey D white 根据上下文 知道 Alceste 这个人拒绝说任何哪怕一个小小的善意的谎言 结合英语语言文化 善 意的谎言 的习惯表达是 white lies 故而答案应该是 D 这就要求同学们平时多积累和英语语言文化 相关的知识 英语学习不单是语言习得 同时也是英语语言文化在思维中的丰富和渗透 最后 任何技巧和方法 都要在平时进行扎实学习的前提下起作用 同学们需要注重对词汇词组搭配 的积累 也要重视语法知识的学习 才能在做完形填空时游刃有余 得阅读者得天下 培养自己良好 的阅读习惯 建议同学们做到 以意群语义为单位读 不逐词逐句读 从头至尾一气呵成读 不频繁回读 直接理解原文 不逐词逐句地心译 利用上下文和构词法猜测生词 推测句意 不频繁查阅词典 同学们 只要你们平时保持一定的训练量 注意方法的运用和词汇词组的积累 相信一定会取得长足 的进步 练习 完形填空 The New Year is the time for new beginnings It is also the time to buy a new calendar Have you bought yours yet With so many choices it can 1 a lot of time just to choose the right one There are small ones Big ones Calendars that sit on a desk Calendars that 2 on the wall Calendars you can carry around with you Calendars that show a whole month or one day at a time Of course 3 all calendars are the same They all 4 the same days of the year in exactly the same order 5 people do not buy calendars just to know what day it is Calendars have become popular gifts because many 6 beautiful pictures You can even learn from calendars They often give information about their subject such as famous writers or American Indians or flower gardens There are calendars about food and about beautiful places in the world For 7 lovers there are calendars with pictures of cats doing 8 things Three hundred sixty five of them one for each day of the year to make every day different and special And of course there s one more in leap years Some people do not just look at their calendars They use them to write down important things they must remember like meetings or doctor s 9 10 people can buy small calendars to carry around to help them 11 and plan their life But what if they are too busy to look at their calendar No 12 there are electronic organizers that make sounds to 13 people of things they must do These days if you forget something it 14 harder and harder to find a good excuse Then there are some people 15 do not like little calendars or big ones or noisy electronic ones They are happy just to write down notes to themselves on small pieces o