小学英语语法总复习

小学英语语法总复习小学英语语法总复习 一 时态 1 一般现在时 1 表示经常发生的动作或事情 通常用 usually 通常 often 常常 every 每 sometimes 有时 always 总是 等词 2 基本结构 I You We TheyHe She It 肯定句动词原形动词第三人称单数形式 否定句don t 动原doesn t 动原 一般疑问句 Yes No Do Yes I do Does 动词原形 No she doesn t 特殊疑问句What do How does she 动词原形 3 动词第三人称单数形式 同名词单数变成复数方法相同 1一般情况 s如 walk walks 2 辅音字母 y 结尾去 y iesfly flies 3 结尾是 s x sh ch eswatch watches 4 特殊的do does have has go goes 2 现在进行时 1 表示正在发生的动作 通常用 now 现在 look 看 linsen 听 2 基本形式 be 动词 ing eg I am not doing my homework You We They are not reading He She It is not eating 1 com What are you doing Is he reading 3 动词的现在分词形式 动词 ing 一般情况 ing walk walking 结尾是不发音的 e e ingcome coming 重读闭音节双写最后一 个字母 ing run running swim swimming 3 一般过去时 1 表示过去已经发生的事情 通常用 last 上一个 just now 刚才 a moment ago 刚才 yesterday 昨天 等词 2 be 动词的过去式 am is was are were 3 过去式基本结构 肯定句 Positive 动词过去式I went shopping last night 否定句 Negative Didn t 动词原形I didn t go shopping last night 一般疑问句 Yes No Did 动词原形 Did you go shopping last night 特殊疑问句 wh What did 动词原形 What did you do last night 4 词过去式的变化 规则动词的变化 一般动词 edplanted watered climbed 以不发音的 e 结尾 dliked 辅音字母加 y 结尾 y iedstudy studied cry cried 重读闭音节单词 末尾只有一个辅音字 母 双写最后一个 字母 ed stop stopped plan planned 不规则动词的变化 原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式 sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowent keepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfound sleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaid feelfeltdrinkdrankis amwastaketook readreadgivegaveareweremeanmeant putputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmet cutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemade letletringrangwritewroteseesaw flyflewrunranriderodecomecame drawdrewsitsathearheardtelltold growgrewlearnlearned learntgetgotknowknew 4 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情 常常与 tomorrow next Sunday 等时间 状语连用 结构 be going to 动词原形或 will 动词原形 例如 I m going to visit my grandpa next week 二 人称代词 主格I weyouhesheitthey 宾格me usyouhimheritthem 形容词性物主代词myouryourhisheritstheir 名词性物主代词mineoursyourshishersitstheirs 注 介词 动词后面跟宾格 后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词 三 可数名词的复数形式 1 一般名词 s a book books 2 辅音字母加 y 结尾 y ies a story stories 3 以 s x sh ch 结尾 es a glass glasses a watch watches 4 以 f 或 fe 结尾 f 或 fe 变为 ves a knife knives a shelf shelves 5 特殊的名词复数 man men woman women policeman policemen policewoman policewomen mouse mice child children foot feet tooth teeth fish fish people people Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese 四 不可数名词 没有复数形式 bread rice water juice milk tea coffee 五 缩略形式 I m I am you re you are she s she is he s he is he has got it s it is who s who is can t can not isn t is not didn t did not weren t were not wasn t was not let s let us I ll I will 六 a an the 的用法 1 单词的第一读音是辅音读音 a book a peach a U 单词的第一个读音是元音读音 an egg an hour an F 2 the 要注意的 球类前面不加 the 乐器前面要加 the 序数词前面要加 the 七 介词 1 表示方位 on in in front of between next to near beside at behind under 2 表示时间 1 at 几点前面用 at 如 at six o clock 没有 day 的节日前用 at 如 at Christmas 固定 词组 at the weekends at night 2 on 星期前用 on 如 on Monday 日期前用 on 如 on the 15th of July 带有 Day 的 节日前用 on 如 on National Day 3 in 早晨 中午 晚上前用 in in the morning in the afternoon in the evening 月份前用 in 如 in December 季节前用 in 如 winter 八 基数词变成序数词的方法 1 直接在基数词词尾加上 th 如 seventh 第七 tenth 第十 thirteenth 第十三 2 以 y 结尾的基数词 变 y 为 i 再加上 eth 如 twentieth 第二十 3 不规则的 如 first 第一 second 第二 third 第三 fifth 第五 eighth 第八 ninth 第九 twelfth 第十二 4 有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如 twenty first 第二十一 九 some any 的用法 1 肯定句中用 some I have some toys in my bedroom 2 问句和否定句中用 ang Do you have any brothers or sisters He hasn t got any pencils in his pencil case 3 询问想要什么时用 some Would you like some juice Can I have some stamps 十 there be 结构 1 肯定句 有 There is 单数或不可数名词 There are 复数 注 遵循就近原则 看靠 there be 最近的 2 一般疑问句 有 吗 Is there Yes there is No there isn t Are there Yes there are No there aren t 3 否定句 没有 There isn t There aren t 4 there be 句型与 have has 的区别 there be 表示在某地有某物 或人 have has 表示 某人拥有某物 十一 祈使句 Sit down please Don t sit down please Let s go to the park 注 祈使句中动词用原形 十二 情态 动词 can may must should will 后面直接用动词原形 1 I He She They can sing May I come in I must go now 2 You should be quiet in the library 3 You ll be good friends w W w X k b 1 c O m 十三 形容词和副词的比较级 一 形容词的比较级 1 两个事物或人的比较用比较级 比较级后面一般带有单词 than 比较级前面可以用 more a little 来修饰表示程度 2 形容词加 er 的规则 一般在词尾加 er 以字母 e 结尾 加 r 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾 应双写末尾的辅音字母 再加 er 以 辅音字母 y 结尾 先把 y 变 i 再加 er 3 不规则形容词比较级 good better beautiful more beautiful 二 副词的比较级X k B 1 c O m 1 形容词与副词的区别 有 be 用形 有形用 be 有动用副 有副用动 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或 be 动词之后 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 不规则变化 well better far farther 十四 特殊疑问句 What are you doing I m reading What is that It s a book What 问什么事 什么物或什 么工作 hat is she What s her job She s a nurse What colour 问颜色 What colour is your coat It s red What time 时间 What time is it What s the time It s seven When do you get up I get up at six thirty when 什么时候 When is your birthday It s on the 21st of December Which 哪一个 Which is your watch the yellow one or the white one The yellow is mine Who 谁 Who is the man with a big nose He s my uncle Whose 谁的 Whose bag is it Whose is this bag It s his bag Where 哪里 Where is my ball pen It s under the book Why 为什么 Why do you like summer I like summer because How many