直接引语变间接引语.doc

直接引语变间接引语一.教材分析： 按照教学大纲，结合语法体系，这节课讲的是直接引语变间接引语的用法。因为之前学生已经学习了直接引语变间接引语的用法。所以这个知识点对于学生来说并不是很难的。让学生在一个轻松快乐的环境中很好的掌握好此时态是目标，所以针对教学内容设计了一系列的活动，让整个教学内容很好的贯穿于一个个活动中，让学生能够更好的理解该语法的运用和掌握。二.教学目标： 本课为语法课型，主要介绍过去进行时的相关用法。通过课堂的一系列活动，让学生们积极踊跃的参与，口头和书面的练习该掌握的语法知识是本课目的。培养学生的独立思考能力、快速反应能力和团队合作意识也是一个重要方面。三.教学策略：环环相扣，设计紧凑。先让学生看课本上的阅读文章，找出句意，通过观察句子，让学生说出那些是直接说的话，那些是间接说的话。让学生得知直接引语变间接引语的基本形式。随后讲解直接引语变间接引语的的意义所在。紧接着设计一系列的课堂活动让学生掌握直接引语变间接引语的用法。四.教学过程：Step1. 导入让学生快速阅读文章，找出句子意思及那些是直接引用别人说的话，那些是间接引用别人的话，得出这两种引语的意思。并改相应的句子，如：定义：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。eg：He said: This is my book.间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。 eg：He said That was his book .让学生再看文章，和同学自由讨论该语法的用法，进行归纳整理。Step2.讲解直接引语变直接引语的用法： 如何变人称; 下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： He said. My sister wants to go with me. He said his brother wanted to go with him . “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： She said to Lucy. How is your sister now?She asked Lucy how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said: Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。时态变化：直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。注意：1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。eg：She said, I am very happy to help you.She said that she was very happy to help you.2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。eg：He asked me, Do you like playing football?He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.注意：大多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or not,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：She asked me whether he could do it or not.He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。eg：My sister asked me, How do you like the film?My sister asked me how I liked the film.4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。eg：The captain ordered, Be quiet.The captain ordered us to be quiet.注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。eg:My teacher asked me, Dont laugh.My teacher asked me not to laugh.5.直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。eg：They told their son,The earth goes round the sun.They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.6.间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。eg： He asked Lucy, Where did you go?He asked Lucy where she went.Tom said, What do you want, Ann?Tom asked Ann what she wanted. 7.直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/that these/those, now then, today that day, yesterday the day before, last year the year before, ago before, here there等。eg：He said, I havent seen her today.He said that he hadnt seen her that day.注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。直接引语间接引语指示代词This/theseThat/those表示时间的词nowtoday，tonighttomorrowthis weekyesterdaylast weekthe day before yesterdaythe day after tomorrowthree days agonext weekthenthat day，that nightthe next(following)daythat weekthe day beforethe week beforetwo days beforein two days timethree days beforethe next(following)week表示地点的词herethere动词comegoStep 3.练习1. 口头及书面练习把全班分成四个小组进行练习，要求学生根据黑板上所给的句子进行转换，如：把下面的直接引语改为间接引语:“Ive bought a new car,” he said to me.He said, I am going to be a teacher when I grow up.“Is it still raining? ” the woman asked.“I joined the League in 2000,” Xiao Li sa