高考英语阅读理解解题技巧

,Welcome to My Class,阅读理解的解题策略与技巧,Learning Tasks,1.掌握高考阅读理解的解题技巧及策略 2. 运用所学方法完成相关练习。,考生能读懂有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，如公告、说明、广告以及书报杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章,并能从中获取相关的信息。1 理解主旨和要义 2 理解文中具体信息3 根据上下文推断生词的词义4 作出简单判断和推理5 理解文章的基本结构6 理解作者的意图观点和态度,考纲要求,识别文体,应用文,导语提携全文,议论文,总-分-总,（论点论据结论）,说明文,主题句,（首中尾）,记叙文,记叙文六要素,（一）题材选择：人文性，时代性 人与人，人与社会，自我教育感恩，励志，生活态度，思维方式，价值取向（二）体裁选择：四大主流文体 议论文，说明文，应用文，记叙文（三）篇幅选择： 文章长度：280350词,题材特点,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词 义 猜 测 型,推 理 判 断 型,解题策略,跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。,方法点拨,先题后文法:1.先读题时只能读问题或题干，不读问题后的选项。 2.读题时要把问题记在心里，并带着这些问题去阅读短文。 3.在带着问题读短文时，对文中出现的那些与问题有关的词句，用铅笔作些记号，以便为下一步选择作好准备。 4.读完短文之后，紧接着便选择答案。,主旨大意题,可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。,可能是从文中某些 事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。,可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。,解题关键。找主题句，每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。,干扰项,1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?3)Which is the subject discussed in the text?4)Whats the best title for this passage?,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,Eg.1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?,议论文总-分-总,55What is the main idea ?A. cigarette smoking can cause cancerB. smoking can cause the most seriousand terrible disease(illness)C. smoking also can cause other health problemsD. smoking is harmful.,Eg.2 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.,detail,detail,detail,文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。,提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。,事实细节型,解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。,事实细节题,范围过大、过小 。,偷换概念。,正误并存，某个分句是正确的。,解题方法 : 原文定位法。查读法：带着问题寻找答案，把注意力集中在与who, what, when, where问题有关的细节上。 细心！,干扰项,1）Which of the following statements is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?,事实细节题的常见命题方式：,1. The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by _. A. polio B. her bent spine C. back injuriesD. the operations she had,Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City, Frida Kahlo suffered from polio (小儿麻痹症) at the age of seven. Her spine (脊柱) became bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident. Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.,2. Kahlos style had become increasingly independent since the _. A. 1930s B. 1940s C. 1950s D. 1960s,In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Riveras strong influence on Kahlos style can be seen in her early works, but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.,How to guess the meaning of words?,词义猜测型,同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。,反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。,释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。,解题策略,情景推断法、代词替代法等,词义猜测题的常见命题方式：,1) The underlined word in the paragraph refers to /means _.2) “_” could best be replaced by which of the following?3) The word “_ is closest in meaning to _.,Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick eg1: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的).,解 释,第四节,eg2. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly Achildren Bancestors Cgenerations DmatesEg3 . There is a stack of papers on Mr. Greens teaching desk Apiece Bbalance Cmixture Dpile,根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义,推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断型 常见的命题方式： The passage implies (暗示) that_.Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?What is the attitude of the author ?What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?Where would this passage most probably appear?,解题策略1.关键词对应法选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，同义替换项一般是选项2.绝对词否决法all, only, must,always,never,the most, have to, any,no,completely, none,hardly，definitely等3.怀疑词判断法：选项中含有不一定的语气词一般是正确答案项。语气词：can,could,may,might,should,usually,more or less, relatively,be likely to,not necessarily, possible,whether or4.锅盖法较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项,eg1 :If all the students in a class tried out for basketball, some would be very good players; others would be very poor; and many would be in between. But even the very poor players can become much better players if they are guided in the right way, and with plenty of practice. It is the same with reading. 46. With the example of basketball players, the author shows . A.why certain peopl