现在完成时专题.doc

现在完成时专题1.用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调结果。标志性的词语有just, already, before, yet, never, ever,recently（最近），. 例：I have finished my homework already.过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。标志性的词语for、since ，so far（句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）例：I have lived here since 1990.2.现在完成时的构成 主语+havehas+过去分词+其它3.现在完成时的四个基本句型一般疑问句： Has he finished the work?两回答： Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt. 肯定句： He has finished the work. 否定句： He has not finished the work. 特殊疑问句： What has he done？ 4.在下列情形下用现在完成时（1）九词语already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet否定句中意为“还”， 疑问句句尾意为“已经” 例：I have not finished the work yet. Have you read the book yet?ever曾经 例：Have you ever seen pandas? never从不 例：I have never been to Beijing.just刚刚 例：I have just done my work. before以前 例：I have never been there before.so far到目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words. how long多久 例：How long have you lived here?how many times多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing?（2） 三词组 havegone to去了某地，没有回来 例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京.未回)havebeen to去过某地，已经回来 例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京，已经回来)have / has been in +地点 表示呆在某地、某个团体、机构（常与for和since连用）He has been in Beijing for 20 years. 他呆在北京已经20年了.（3）两结构 for + 时间段 例如： for two months Jim has lived here for 2 months.since +过去时间点 例如：since last year， since 1990 I have lived here since last year. since +时间段+ago 例如：since 3 years ago Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since +过去时态句子 例如：since he came here He has been in China since he came here.5. 在现在完成时中，短暂性性动词不能和一段时间状语连用. 例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个短暂性性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用。6. 还有其他短暂性性动词也是这种情况。例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach be here 例：I have come here for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away 例：He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on 例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） 改为The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open / close be closed例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead 例：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over 例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为The work has been over for 3 daysjoin be in/ be a member of +团体I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy /catch have 例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have had the bike for 3 years. 例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep 例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years.（错） 改为I have kept the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：break be broken get up be up marry be married 现在完成时练习( )1. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A.see B. saw C. has seen D. have seen( )2. - Does she often get to school ? - Yes, quite often.A. take a B. by foot C. by a taxi D. in her fathers car( )3. These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone( )4._ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago .Did; do; finished Have done; finished .Have, done; have finished will, do; finish( )5. His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in( )6.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made( )7.-How long have you_ here ? About two months .been gone come arrived( )8. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. has begun . had begun . has been on . began( )9. I a lot but I dont play very often now.A. use to play tennis B. was used to play tennis C. am used to play tennis D. used to play tennis( )10.Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been( )11. His grandparents live in a small house, but they dont feel .A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone( )12. You speak French very well, Gao Ming. Thanks. I _ French in Shanxi University for four years. A. had studied B. study C. was studying D. have studied( )13. - When you to learn to skate? - Five years ago.A. do; start B. do; started C. did; started D. did; start( )14. It _ ten years since we last time in Beijing. A. was; met B. has been; met C. was; meet D. is; met( )15. _ you ever _ Chinese moon cakes, Jenny? No, never. But I have had noodles. A. Do; try B. Will; try C. Did; try D. Have; tried( )16. I _ Mrs Gu for a long time. A. will see B. wont see C. saw D. havent seen( )17. Bad luck! Its too late! Dont worry. The movie _ for only a few minutes. A. has begun B. beganC. has been onD. begins( )18. We have been friends .A. last year B. one year ago C. since we me